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Topic: Phosphorite

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	PHOSPHATES - LoveToKnow Article on PHOSPHATES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dahllite is a Norwegian phosphorite, containing calcium carbonate, named in 1888 by W. Brogger and H. Backstrom after the Norwegian geologists T. and J. Dahll.
		Osteolite is a white earthy phosphorite occurring in the clefts of basaltic rocks, named in 1851 by J. Bromeis from the Greek barkov, bone.
		Phosphorite, when occurring in large deposits, is a mineral of much economic value for conversion into the superphosphate largely used as a fertilizing agent.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PH/PHOSPHATES.htm (2420 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Polarized Light Microscopy Gallery - Phosphorite
		Phosphorite is a type of sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of apatite and other phosphates.
		Often alternatively referred to as phosphate rock, phosphorite is frequently associated with chert, shale, and sandstone.
		Deposits of phosphorite can be found in various locations around the world, but the nation leading in both production and consumption of the rock is the United States.
	olympusmicro.com /galleries/polarizedlight/pages/phosphoritesmall.html (273 words)

	Reef Relief - Coral Reef Threats: Florida Bay
		The most likely source of the high P in the west is thought to be phosphorite deposited during an ancient upwelling event during the Miocene (Riggs 1979, 1984; Mallinson et al., 1994; Compton, 1997) and subsequently transported south into South Florida by erosion as a result of the uplifting of the Appalachian Mountains.
		Phosphorus from erosion of phosphorite deposits in central Florida, enhanced by phosphate mining, and transported down the Peace River and along the southwest coast of Florida could be a source.
		It is hypothesized that the phosphorite deposits are a persistent source of P that has not changed significantly over the past few thousand years.
	www.reefrelief.org /floridabay/report_page3.html (840 words)

	Kurt A. Grimm
		Rock phosphorite is a non-renewable fertilizer ore that is in diminishing global supply and for which there is no substitute.
		Rock phosphorite is a non-renewable fertilizer ore; it is essential to industrial agriculture and there is no substitute.
		One conclusion is clear: the intricate and society-relevant issue of declining phosphorite resources warrants further interdisciplinary research, to complement broad, inclusive, and proactive discussion in the public domain.
	www.eos.ubc.ca /personal/grimm/phosphorites.html (2107 words)

	Sedimentary environment of the Ordovician phosphate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thin (0.5 cm) phosphatic microbial mats and washout traces occur in the lower part of the latter bed, whereas in its upper part numerous erosional surfaces appear that are cut in phosphatic mudstones and coated with iron hydroxides appear.
		The phosphorite bindstone is capped by intraformational conglomerate bed, up to 10 cm thick composed of poorly rounded and sorted phosphorite and rare limestones intraclasts (0.3 to 7.0 cm) (Figure 3).
		The phosphorites from the upper part of the section are developed as massive and slumped phosphatic mudstones to wackestones or pristine phosphatic laminae and lenses.
	www.unt.edu.ar /fcsnat/INSUGEO/geologia_17/81.htm (1673 words)

	Phosphorus
		The largest reserve of phosphorite is in Idaho and Wyoming in the United States.
		The largest reserve of phosphorite in the world is in southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming, in the Phosphoria formation of Permian age.
		The phosphorite, an unusual deposit, probably records a great dying, when the phosphorus from the bones of countless animals was converted to apatite in a shallow basin that was covered by sediment before the deposit could be dispersed.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/phosphor.htm (4879 words)

	PHOSPHORITES AND THE MARINE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A shift has occurred from early models that evoked strikingly different oceanic P cycling during times of widespread phosphorite deposition to current thinking that phosphorite deposits may be lucky survivors of a series of inter-related tectonic, geochemical, sedimentological, and oceanic conditions.
		This paradigm shift has been facilitated by careful examination of the geochemistry and accumulation processes of P in the ocean, as well as an awareness of the widespread nature of phosphatization—the authigenic formation of authigenic P-bearing minerals that contributes to phosphorite formation.
		Both physical and chemical pathways involve processes not dominant in deep sea environments, and contribute to the formation of a marginal phosphorite deposit unique on sedimentological grounds but not in terms of the marine P cycle.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_60281.htm (462 words)

	People in the Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		My general area of interest is the geochemistry of marine sediments with a focus on the origin of authigenic minerals such as francolite (phosphorite rock), dolomite, and glauconite during the early diagenesis of organic-rich sediments.
		Recent projects include the age and origin of the phosphorite on the western margin of South Africa off of the Orange River, variations in the global phosphorus cycle and the age and origin of large Miocene phosphorite deposits of the southeastern USA (Florida) and their paleoceanographic significance.
		In addition to coastal environments, high-resolution Holocene records are being developed from mud belt shelf sediments and glacial-interglacial records from upper slop sediments recovered on the western margin during the R/V METEOR Expedition M57-1 in collaboration with marine geologists from the University of Bremen.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/geolsci/people/staff/johnc.htm (710 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Investigating the Charleston Bump
		The different rock types have varying resistances to the erosive forces of the Gulf Stream’s bottom currents, where the phosphorite is most resistant and the mudstone is easily eroded particle by particle.
		The result is that erosion of the mudstone layers that lie under either of the other rock types creates overhanging ledges that are excellent habitat for benthic organisms and demersal (bottom-living) fish.
		Throughout the staircase, phosphorite can be found intermittently as nodules or small individual rocks, but mysteriously, we never encountered a phosphorite rock layer.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /explorations/03bump/logs/aug13/aug13.html (1154 words)

	Descriptive model of Upwelling Type Phosphate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		DESCRIPTION Phosphorite sediments from a major stratigraphic unit within a sequence of marine sediments in upwelling areas in basins with good connection to the open sea.
		Ore Controls Basins, or parts of basins, favorable for the accumulation of organic rich sediments and for their evolution into phosphorites.
		Individual beds may be a meter thick or more and may extend over hundreds of square kilometers.
	pubs.usgs.gov /bul/b1693/html/bull74kl.htm (159 words)

	Sedimentary Phosphorites Speakers
		Reviews the different types of economically important sedimentary phosphorites and how they are formed.
		Demonstrates how knowledge of their genesis can enhanced exploration for new phosphorite deposits as well as rationalize exploitation of known deposits.
		Case studies of economically important phosphorite deposits in the Middle East, North America and South America will be presented.
	www.round.table.com /speakersbureau/talk.cfm?ID=284 (91 words)

	[No title]
		13 Unsorted sand; dark green; small lenses of clay and silt; sandy 3.0 phosphorite concretions in the lower part; abundant Arctichnus and Rhizocorallium trace fossils; wavy erosion at the lower contact Fossils: Inoceramus schulginae, I. jangodaensis, I. lamarcki, I. cf.
		pseudocancellatus, Cremnoceramus incostans 10 Fine sand; light to dark green; numerous layers of silty clay, lenses of 2.6 unsorted siderite sand, sandy phosphorite concretions, small trough crossbedding, abundant Arctichnus trace fossils; erosional wavy surface at the lower contact Fossils: Inoceramus inaequivalvis, I. lamarcki, Cremnoceramus incostans, Volviceramus subinvolutus, I. cf.
		2 Fine or medium sand; grayish green; bioturbated; phosphorite concretions; 5.7 abundant siderite and glauconite; Abundant Rhizocorallium and Arctichnus trace fossils; wavy erosion at the lower contact Fossils: Inoceramus pseudocancellatus, I. inaequivalvis, Lopatinia jenisseae, Falcimytilus lanceolatus, Arctica sp., Pleuromya sp., Modiolus sp., Lucina sp., Protocardia sp., Euspira sp., Cylichna sp.
	www.aapg.org /datashare/data_008/data_008.doc (579 words)

	Kurt A. Grimm
		The sedimentology and geochemistry of phosphatic and associated strata in Jordan: Implications for phosphogenesis and the formation of economic phosphorite.
		Stratigraphic condensation and the redeposition of economic phosphorite: Allostratigraphy of Oligo-Miocene shelfal sediments, Baja California Sur, Mexico, in Craig R. Glenn, Liliane Prévôt-Lucas and Jacques Lucas (eds) Marine Authigenesis: From Microbial to Global, SEPM Special Publication No. 66:325-347.
		Phosphorites feed people: Non-renewable, strategic resources in the Middle East and North Africa.
	www.eos.ubc.ca /personal/grimm/publications.html (510 words)

	Shuhai Xiao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Extraordinary fossils such as animal embryos and multicellular algae are preserved in Doushantuo phosphorites and cherts.
		Reliable reconstruction of the temporal and spatial distribution of Neoproterozoic biodiversity is critical to the understanding of the interactions between Neoproterozoic climate change and biological evolution.
		Xiao and X. Yuan, New observations on spicule-like structures from Doushantuo phosphorites at Weng’an, Guizhou Province.
	www.geol.vt.edu /paleo/Xiao (2523 words)

	Cross, 2001
		In Mexico, a study of the upper Tithonian phosphorite interval (Unit D; Mazapil and Iturbide remnants) has revealed the presence of five phosphatic zones (MPL-1 to MPL-5) from the Mazapil remnant, and three phosphatic zones from the Iturbide remnant (IPL-3 to IPL-5).
		The petrologic phase of the current investigation has confirmed scanning electron microprobe results that indicate mafic and heavy minerals characteristic of andesitic island arc volcanism have been concentrated within the neritic and bathyal PR-zones from the Mazapil and Iturbide remnants, but are lacking within the deep-water phosphorites (PR-3).
		Furthermore, tectonic transport of SPGTR in northeastern Mexico extends eastward into the Gulf Coastal Plane as evidenced by the presence of La Caja sediments and the overlying Chapulhuacan Limestone within the San Carlos Mountains, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
	www.gcssepm.org /pubs/2001_ab_07.htm (501 words)

	IC 33
		Table of lanthanides in the average crustal shale, average marine phosphorite, average Cason phosphorite, and in samples collected in 1987
		Graph comparing the lanthanide content of the average crustal shale, average marine phosphorite, and average Cason phosphorite sample
		Table comparing lanthanide content and composition in some phosphorites elsewhere in the world and the average Cason phosphorite
	www.state.ar.us /agc/ic33.htm (132 words)

	Rad, Ulrich von;Kudrass, H.-R.: Geology of the Chatham Rise Phosphorite Deposits East of New Zealand. ISBN ES186066500
		The Chatham Rise phosphorite is a loose nodular gravel intermixed pith glauconitic sandy muds.
		The nodules have a content of about 21.5% POOL and may be an important raw material for New Zealand's fertiliser industry.
		The phosphorite deposit was studied during a joint German/New Zealand cruise (1981) with R/V SONNE.
	www.schweizerbart.de /pubs/books/geologi-186066500-desc.html (224 words)

	New Books
		Mineral affinities and distribution of selenium and other trace elements in fl shale and phosphorite of the Phosphoria Formation (R.B. Perkins, A.L. Foster).
		RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS AND URANIUM IN PHOSPHORITE NODULES FROM THE CONTINENTAL MARGINS OF INDIA
		CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY OF UPPER CENOZOIC PHOSPHORITES ON THE NORTH CAROLINA CONTINENTAL MARGIN AND THE OCEANOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS FOR PHOSPHOGENESIS
	www.fromage.ethz.ch /books.html (1234 words)

	Geology of Florida
		There are several other models that are discussed in Bentor’s SEPM volume on Phosphorites
		B. Phosphorite in the Hawthorn Group of Florida
		E. Global cooling seems to correlate with late Paleozoic and Paleogene phosphogenesis at least to a first approximation.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/guerry/GLY4155/phosphorite.html (537 words)

	Membership Address List (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Interests: Tertiary phosphorites in California and Baja California; Allostratigraphy of coated phosphorite grains and their relationship to regional lithostratigraphy; Tertiary phosphorites in the Middle East; Stratification and origin of economic phosphorite beds
		Interests: Distribution and origin of marine phosphorites (special interest - pellet formation); Distribution and origin of ferromanganese oxide phases in the ocean.
		Interests: Trace metals in modern and ancient phosphorites: Geochemical effects of burrowing organisms; Glauconite, marine clays; Biogenic sulfides; authigenic marine iron minerals.
	www.fromage.ethz.ch /address.html (7622 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6793373 - Use of kansk-achinsk coal semicoke in phosphorite agglomeration
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Use of kansk-achinsk coal semicoke in phosphorite agglomeration
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6793373 (109 words)

	China Chemical Reporter: Phosphorite Antioxidant Developed.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		China Chemical Reporter: Phosphorite Antioxidant Developed.@ HighBeam Research
		Tianjin Research Institute of Synthetic Material Industry has recently made achievements in the development and application of phosphorite antioxidants.
		New antioxidant PEP-36 with excellent oxidation-resistant effect has been developed.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:73844677&refid=ink_tptd_mag (126 words)

	#1 Site For Learning Chemistry
		Phosphorite or rock phosphate : Ca Chlorapatite : 3 Ca CaCl
		Extraction of phosphorus from phosphorite : Phosphorite or rock phosphate has calcium phosphate.
		Animal charcoal or bone ash also has enough calcium phosphate from which phosphorus can be extracted.
	home.att.net /~cat6a/metals-XVIII.htm (1065 words)

	Kudrass, H.-R.;Cullen, D. J.: Submarine Phosphorite Nodules from the Central Chatham Rise off New Zealand - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kudrass, H.-R.;Cullen, D. J.: Submarine Phosphorite Nodules from the Central Chatham Rise off New Zealand - Composition, Distribution, and Reserves - (VALDIVIA-Cruise 1978).
		Kudrass, H.-R.;Cullen, D. Submarine Phosphorite Nodules from the Central Chatham Rise off New Zealand - Composition, Distribution, and Reserves - (VALDIVIA-Cruise 1978)
		Sedimentary Framework of Phosphorite Nodules and the Modern Environment 11 6.
	www.schweizerbart.de /pubs/books/geologi-186065100-desc.html (64 words)

	[No title]
		50% OF CORE PHOSPHORITE AS MM-SIZE NODULES DIATOMS HARD BLACK NODULES UP TO 3CM IN SIZE G112 0681B001HCCLAN 000 020 DIATOMACEOUS MUD DARK OLIVE GRAY WITH BLACK NODULES 5Y 3/2 NODULES PHOSPHORITE NODULES PHOSPHORITE DIATOMS G112 0681B002H01KEM 000 150 DIATOMACEOUS MUD WITH SILTY SAND AND SILT?
		LAMINAE AND DARK GRAY AT 64-66CM 5Y 4/2 WITH 5Y 6/4?
		FROM 22CM DOWNWARD G112 0681B007H02LAN 000 110 CALCAREOUS MUD DARK GRAY 5Y 4/1 FAINT LAMINAE, MODERATE BIOTURBATION/MOTTLING?
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /mgg/geology/odp/data/112/681B/sed_lith.dat (693 words)

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