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Topic: Photic sneeze reflex

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	Photic sneeze reflex
		Photic sneeze reflex is a medical condition by which people exposed to bright light involuntarily sneeze.
		Overstimulation of the optic nerve triggers the trigeminal nerve, and this causes the photic sneezing reflex.
		The photic sneeze reflex is considered a risk factor to combat pilots: people suffering from photic sneeze reflex may not fly combat aircraft.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ph/Photic_sneeze_reflex.html (305 words)

	Photic index by Martin
		PSR was observed during ophthalmoscopic examination in 5 out of 19 patients with cystinosis, an autosomnal recessive inborn error of the metabolism in which nonprotein cystine accumulates within lysosomes, depositing crystals in the cornea.
		The relationship between PSR and epilepsy are investigated in the case of one epileptic patient who regularly exhibited PSR during a 15 Hs photic stimulation phase of an EEG study.
		The authors discuss the genetic component of PSR and suggest it should be treated as a threshold phenomenon, depending on light intensties, photic frequencies and electromagnetic wavelengths in the subjects.
	loin.free.fr /john/medical_articles.html (886 words)

	Photic sneeze reflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Overstimulation of the optic nerve triggers the trigeminal nerve, and this causes the photic sneeze reflex.
		Another theory suggests that tears leaking into the nose through the nasolacrimal duct are a cause of the photic sneeze reflex.
		The speed of the reflex seems to favour the first theory, as it happens much too quickly for tears to be generated and drain into the nose.
	photic-sneeze-reflex.iqnaut.net (359 words)

	Photic sneeze reflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sneezing provoked by sudden exposure to intensely bright light is known as the photic sneeze reflex.
		Even photic sneezers' pupils will adjust normally (without triggering a sneeze) if they go in and out of bright light for short periods of time, so the real mystery is why an extended period of darkness makes a difference.
		Studying the photic sneeze reflex is likely to improve our understanding of sensory pathways in the nervous system, as well as the circuitry of the sneezing reflex.
	www.mmartins.com /mmartins/photicsneezereflex/photicsneezereflex.asp (169 words)

	Sneeze
		A sneeze is the semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the nose.
		Sneezing is generally caused by irritation in the passages of the nose.
		Among the pagans of Flanders, a sneeze was an omen.
	www.keywordmage.net /sn/sneeze.html (606 words)

	The speed of ACHOO!
		Sneezing is just one of the many ways for the body to expel foreign substances.
		And though sneezes are generally caused by irritation of the nasal mucous membrane, they can also be brought on by chills and temperature changes, allergens, infections, and in some weird cases, by looking at a bright light.
		Not enough study has been done on it so far, but the mechanism of the bright light sneeze reflex seems to be an association of optic nerve fibres and the trigeminal nerve nucleus in the mid-brain.
	www.mid-day.com /columns/mukul_sharma/2006/october/144708.htm (663 words)

	Accommodation reflex - Medicow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Reflex activity ranges from the simple reflex, which are mediated by neuronal connections within the spinal cord to the complex reflexes in which higher brain centers are involved.
		Pupil reflexes are: the photomotor direct reflex and the consensual light reflex, the reflex for close vision and that for the emotional and/or sensorial stimuli.
		This reflex should include the ciliospinal reflex, which is induced by a painful stimulation (pinch or rubbing) of the neck skin, mainly in correspondence of the upper portion of the trapezius or of the trunk upper part.
	www.medicow.com /topics/Accommodation-reflex (3331 words)

	Sneeze : Common Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sneeze - A sneeze is the semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the nose and mouth.
		Sneeze He - Sneeze He Photic sneeze reflex - Photic sneeze reflex (also whimsically called ACHOO, a backronym for Autosomal dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst) is a medical condition by which people exposed to bright light sneeze.
		Nose Sneeze - Nose Sneeze Sneeze - A sneeze is the semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the nose and mouth.
	www.minetstudio.com /122-Sneeze.html (3332 words)

	Wikinfo \| Reflex action
		In medicine, a reflex is an involuntary reaction of the body to a stimulus.
		reflexes that would only be seen conditional on previous experiences of the subject.
		digestion and the maintenance of the heartbeat can also be regarded as reflex actions, according to some definitions of the term.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Reflex_reaction (221 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Photic Sneezing
		When people have been interviewed about photic sneezing, those who had this reflex assumed that everyone had it, and those who did not have it were puzzled as to why such a question should be asked.
		The mechanism of the bright light sneeze reflex seems to be an association of optic nerve fibres and trigeminal nerve nucleus in the mid-brain.
		Airline pilots are not tested for their susceptibility to the photic sneeze reflex, so if you are on a flight, and there is a sudden flurry of turbulence after going through cloud you'll know why (just pray the sun doesn't come out half way through take-off!).
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A199604 (662 words)

	Photic Sneeze Reflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Photic Sneeze Reflex is a trait characterized by involuntary sneezing after an individual is exposed to bright light after adapting to the dark.
		This trait is of interest when considering the reflex component of the disorders already mentioned.
		By studying families with Photic Sneeze Reflex, researchers are trying to find the cause of this trait by identifying the gene.
	www.ucsf.edu /humgene/photic_sneeze_reflex.htm (363 words)

	Science In Action: Sneeze Science
		Sneezing is a normal response to irritation of sensitive tissues in the nasal passages.
		The sneezing response is a complex one, involving stimulation of the nasal tissues, which are mediated by cranial nerves V and VII, and processing by a "sneeze center" in a distinct structure of the brainstem, thought to reside in the lateral medulla.
		A typical sneeze can expel thousands of droplets at a speed of 150 km per hour or roughly 100 mph, with a range of up to a meter and a half.
	sxxz.blogspot.com /2004/12/sneeze-science.html (573 words)

	Photic sneeze reflex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Photic sneeze reflex (also referred to as sun sneezing, photogenic sneezing, or whimsically called ACHOO, a backronym for Autosomal dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst Syndrome) is a medical condition by which people exposed to bright light sneeze.
		Breitenbach RA, "The photic sneeze reflex as a risk factor to combat pilots." Mil Med.
		Peroutka SJ, Peroutka LA. "Autosomal dominant transmission of the 'photic sneeze reflex.'" N Engl J Med.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Photic_sneeze_reflex (479 words)

	Anatomy Notes: Sneezing in bright light
		The reflex appears to be more common in kids, who would presumably need it more because, compared to adults, they are less likely to have learned that staring at the sun is bad.
		A larger issue is that reflexes don't need to have a "purpose." There are over 200 reflexes listed in Dorland's Medical Dictionary, and many of them, such as the rooting reflex and sucking reflex in infants, make sense from a functional perspective.
		Whether or not it has a purpose, the photic sneeze reflex is a real phenomenon that has actually received some attention in the medical literature (although I confess that I first read about the reflex years ago in a hilarious Straight Dope article).
	anatomynotes.blogspot.com /2006/04/sneezing-in-bright-light.html (2724 words)

	The Straight Dope: Why do some people sneeze when going out into bright light?
		Listen to this frightening headline: "The photic sneeze reflex as a risk factor to combat pilots," Military Medicine, Breitenbach et al, 1993.
		Photic sneeze reflex occurs in something like one-sixth to one-quarter of the population.
		Photic sneeze reflex is caused by tears (our eyes water to protect the unadjusted irises from bright lights) moving into the nasal passages, tickling the hairs within.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a2_303.html (648 words)

	Sneeze
		A sneeze is generally caused by irritation in the passages of the nose.
		In 400 BC the Athenian[?] general Xenophon give a dramatic oration exhorting his fellow soldiers to follow him to liberty or to death against the Persians.
		The custom of saying "God bless you" after a sneeze was begun literally as a blessing.
	www.fastload.org /sn/Sneeze.html (436 words)

	Physiology Of Sneeze Reflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"Reflex changes in thermogenesis in irrigation the 67 Philadelphia Experiment (alleged attempt to teleport ship) 293 95 phobias 474 photic sneeze reflex 303 photography of persons having sex legal aspects of 199 201 Physiology of Physiology.
		Pavlov realized his favorite subject was that of physiology and spray Attempts to stifle a sneeze are often unsuccessful different meanings even occur in different branches of physiology e specific reaction such as an action potential or a reflex not depend on the stimulus e.g.
		Click here for The Sneeze In a sensory physiology lab a couple months ago deviated our lab group was covered my ears with my hands as a sort of panic induced reflex.
	www.phyllisrdixon.com /physiology-of-sneeze-reflex.htm (683 words)

	Headshaking in Horses and Ponies, Headshaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Photic sneeze reflex, also whimsically called ACHOO, a backronym for Autosomal dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst) is a medical condition by which people exposed to bright light involuntarily sneeze.
		Over-stimulation of the optic nerve triggers the trigeminal nerve, and this causes the photic sneeze reflex.
		Breitenbach, R.A, "The Photic Sneeze Reflex as a Risk Factor to Combat Pilots." Military Medicine, 158, December 1993: 806-809, Abstract: [3]
	www.equis-tcm.de /hs/photic.html (607 words)

	A Sneeze Mean Disease, The Way You Sneeze Defines Your Character (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Substance P was examined for sneeze-inducing activity and its involvement of sneeze responses in experimental allergic rhinitis.
		The frequency of antigen-induced sneezing was proportional to the substance P content in nasal mucosa of sensitized guinea pigs treated with increasing doses of capsaicin; correlation coefficient 0.91.
		Other myths (or are they facts?) about sneezing are that you cannot keep your eyes open during a sneeze; that your heart stops when you sneeze; that looking at a bright light can trigger a sneeze, and that rubbing the bridge of your nose can prevent it.
	www.forsneeze.com (2345 words)

	Re: Why do we sneeze when we look at the sun?
		A sneeze is a reflex triggered by sensory stimulation of the membranes in the nose, resulting in a coordinated and forceful expulsion of air through the mouth and nose.
		A "reflex" means that some type of stimulation of your body causes you to react in a way that is NOT under your control, in other words you do it automatically without thinking and you can’t even stop it.
		In the usual sneeze reflex, tickling the nose causes nerve signals to go from the nose to the brain and then back out to the nose, mouth, chest muscles and everything else involved in the actual sneeze.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/aug97/865380242.Me.r.html (1002 words)

	Photic index by Martin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Photic sneeze reflex (also referred to as sun sneezing and whimsically called ACHOO, a backronym for Autosomal dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst) is a medical condition by which people exposed to bright light sneeze.
		The mechanism of the bright light sneeze reflex seems to be an association of optic nerve fibers and trigeminal nerve...
		A summary of medical literature on photic sneezing, a little dated, but good on basics - summarizes four theories explaining photic sneezing.
	loin.free.fr /john/photic_sneezing_on_the_web.html (159 words)

	achoo syndrone Resource Page - achoo syndrone
		Photic sneeze reflex (also whimsically called ACHOO, a backronym for Autosomal dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst) is a medical condition by which people exposed to bright light sneeze.
		The fifth cranial nerve, called the trigeminal nerve, is apparently responsible achoo syndrone for sneezes.
		In addition this sneeze reflex can be brought on by a sudden inhailing of cold air or a strong flavor such as a strong mint gum.
	www.cydaily.com /med-Medical/achoo_syndrone.html (458 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Photic Sneeze Reflex Photic Sneeze Reflex is a trait characterized by involuntary sneezing after an individual is Photic sneeze reflex occurs in about 10 percent of people.
		Photic stimulation byPhotic index by Martin Photic sneezing has been recognized in medical journals for at least 40 years, and is called you got it from one of your parents because it is an EEG?
		Photic stimulation at alpha and low beta Photic sneeze reflex is a trait characterized by involuntary sneezing after an thanks for replying, but Storm clipart stim ?
	tobidref83.amylantailte.org (571 words)

	LiveScience.com: Life's Little Mysteries - Why Do Bright Lights Make Me Sneeze?
		Sneezing is one of your body's reflex actions, which occur when your muscles respond automatically to a stimulus without conscious movement.
		Another is the pupillary light reflex, wherein your pupils shrink when stimulated by a bright light.
		Cross the sneeze reflex with the pupillary light reflex and you might get both responses to the singe stimulus of a bright light.
	www.livescience.com /mysteries/060926_sneeze_lights.html (142 words)

	obli.net » Archives
		The phenomena is called photic sneezing or ACHOO (Autosomal dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst) and about 25% of the Caucasian population (although not unique to Caucasians, it's more common among them) show signs of it.
		One of the few pros I've found living a life with sudden sneezes is that whenever you're feeling "sneezy", just look towards the sun and that annoying feeling is literally blown away.
		What's also interesting is that the 25% who have the reflex seem to think everyone has it and makes no big fuss about it, while the other 75% are completely oblivious to it.
	obli.net /archive/1/2005-09-15 (222 words)

	obli.net » I'm allergic to light - The photic sneeze reflex
		A much less sophisticated reason (for light-induced sneezing) that I've heard is that the tear ducts have a passage into the nose and that leaking tears tickle your nose, making you sneeze.
		Although they do point out that the speed of reflex speaks more for the first theory, as tears would tend to be slower...
		It certainly seems that while it is common for people to use light to finish a sneeze that is already initiated, it is much less so for the light to actually trigger the sneeze, thus the differences in estimations of prevalence.
	www.obli.net /item/218 (519 words)

	Sneeze Sneeze Sneeze Sneezed Sneezing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sneeze (band) - Sneeze is an indie pop project from Sydney, Australia made up primarily of Nic Dalton, who also runs record label Half A Cow, and Tom Morgan from Smudge.
		Photic sneeze reflex occurs only after someone has been suggested that the photic sneeze reflex occurs only after someone has been suggested that the photic sneeze reflex occurs only after someone has been suggested that the photic sneeze reflex.
		Overstimulation of the optic nerve triggers the trigeminal nerve, is apparently responsible for sneezes.
	sne40.minetstudio.com /sneezesneezesneezesneezedsneezing.html (1115 words)

	Medical/photic sneeze
		The typical sneezing response occurs when the subject comes out of a dark surrounding into sudden bright light such as when leaving a movie theatre.
		When the subjects were interviewed, those who had this reflex assumed that everyone had it, and those who did not have it were puzzled as to why such a question should be asked.
		The mechanism of the bright light sneeze reflex seems to be an association of optic nerve fibers and trigeminal nerve nucleus in the mid-brain.
	tafkac.org /medical/photic_sneeze.html (486 words)

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