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Topic: Photoallergy

	Photoallergy
		Photoallergy produces an intense itching rash due to exposure to sunlight.
		Research on Photoallergy involves the use of a controlled UV light source and an accurate dose control system.
		Both our Single Port and Multiport solar simulators are actively used for photoallergy work because of their class "A" spectral output, 2% stability output, high uniformity, and sophisticated dose control system.
	www.cirtopic.com /applications/photoallergy.html (184 words)

	Best Practice Medicine-Professional Reference - Photosensitivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Photoallergy is caused by a cell-mediated immunologic reaction resulting from the light-induced creation of some type of photoantigen.
		Unlike phototoxic reactions, photoallergy develops more slowly because its evolution is a multistep process, including induction and elicitation of an immune response whereby the antigen is presented to T lymphocytes by epidermal Langerhans cells.
		The treatment of photoallergy requires elimination of all exposures to identified photoallergens, and photoprotection using sunscreens and light-opaque clothing.
	merck.micromedex.com /index.asp?page=bpm_report&article_id=CPM02DE418§ion=report&ss=3 (905 words)

	photosensitivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There are three types of sensitive reactions that can result from the use of photosensitizing agents: photoallergy, photophobia and phototoxicity.
		Photoallergy is an allergic reaction of the skin to UV light.
		Photophobia is a fear or strong desire to avoid all light sources based on a painful sensitivity of the eyes to strong light.
	www.sapphireisland.com /serv/tan/photosensitivity.htm (340 words)

	Photosensitivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In addition, prolonged exposure to sunlight, even in normal skin, leads to skin aging and cancer.
		Photoallergy produces an intense itching rash on exposure to sunlight.
		Polymorphous light eruption resembles photoallergy in its production of intensely itching rashes in sunlight.
	webess16.micromedex.com /content/DiseaseDex/001039.htm (541 words)

	Altweb-ECVAM Reports
		Photoallergy is an acquired immunological reactivity, which does not occur on first treatment with a photosensitiser and light/UV radiation, and needs an induction period of one or two weeks before skin reactivity can be demonstrated by administration of photosensitiser and irradiation with light/UV radiation.
		Photoallergy is considered to be delayed-type hypersensitivity mediated by the formation of a photosensitiser-protein conjugate (9).
		Taking this mechanism of photoallergy into consideration, the involvement of specifically reacting T-lymphocytes or antibodies could be one tool for use in discriminating between both photoreactions.
	altweb.jhsph.edu /publications/ECVAM/ecvam42.htm (7710 words)

	White : Diseases of the Skin - Photodermatology and Photodermatoses - PHOTOSENSITIVITY DUE TO DRUGS AND EXTERNAL AGENTS
		In most cases the mechanism is phototoxicity, which is not immunologically mediated, but other drugs cause photoallergy.
		&#160; Photoallergy occurs in a minority of exposed subjects and involves immunologic mechanisms.
		The first step is UVR conversion of the photoallergic drug or metabolite to create either a hapten or an excited state.
	www.merckmedicus.com /ppdocs/us/hcp/content/white/chapters/white-ch-028-s006.htm (954 words)

	Photoallergy / Phototoxcity 6 Port Light Source
		The Photoallergy / Phototoxicity 601 multiport is a turnkey system for photoallergy and phototoxicity testing.
		The 601 is ideal for Photoallergy / Phototoxicity research because of its class "A" spectral output, +/- 5% uniformity, and 2% output stability.
		This feature allows an optional dimension of research to be used when studying photoallergy.
	www.solarlight.com /products/Photoallergy601.html (477 words)

	Miranda, M (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An In Vitro Approach to Drug Photoallergy: Use of Drug-directed Antibodies to Assess Photobinding of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatories to Skin Cells.
		Photobinding of drugs to biomolecules constitutes the early key event in the onset of photoallergy.
		This process generally involves excitation of the drug to an excited triplet state, which in turn can interact with cell constituents leading, in the case of proteins, to the formation of covalent photoadducts.
	www.invitroderm.com /abstracts/miranda.html (192 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Allergies and photoallergies to other occupational substances preceded or followed olaquindox (photo)allergy.
		Because of their increased sensitivity to light, most of these farmers used sunscreens, and 2 of them developed (photo)allergy to UV-absorbers.
		This would enable the early recognition of photoallergy to olaquindox and the prevention of persistent light reaction.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/00144398/articles/36/4/S001443989784006.abstract.en (177 words)

	Shoppers Drug Mart - Health & Wellness - Seniors - Healthy Living
		There are two main types of photosensitivity reactions: phototoxicity and photoallergy.
		Photoallergy reactions are much less common, and only occur in a small percentage of people who take a given medication.
		Medications that may cause photoallergy include many of the same ones that cause phototoxicity.
	www.shoppersdrugmart.ca /english/health_wellness/health_centres/seniors/news (719 words)

	Salon Certification :: International Smart Tan Network
		There are three types of reactions that can result from the use of photosensitizing agents: photoallergy, photophobia, and phototoxicity.
		Photophobia is a fear or strong desire to avoid light (not just UV light) based on a painful sensitivity of the eyes to strong light.
		Photoallergy – immune system reaction to a chemical after exposure to ultraviolet light.
	www.saloncertification.com /testing/appendix.php (7475 words)

	Tramadol, buy tramadol, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, weight loss, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because of the similarities in chemical structures, we investigated patients with photoallergy to ketoprofen or tiaprofenic acid, in order to study cross-reactivity between APADs and a possible pattern of cross-reactivity between benzophenone-containing molecules, so as to determine the molecular basis of photoallergy to ketoprofen or tiaprofenic acid.
		10 patients with photoallergy to topical ketoprofen, 2 with photoallergy to oral tiaprofenic acid, and 15 control subjects with no history of contact dermatitis from APADs, nor from benzophenone-containing molecules, were photopatch tested in triplicate with ketoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, other APADs (alminoprofen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen and naproxen), benzophenone-containing molecules (fenofibrate, oxybenzone, sulisobenzone), and unsubstituted benzophenone.
		Photoallergy is due to the benzophenone moiety of ketoprofen, or to the very similar thiophene-phenylketone of tiaprofenic acid, but not to their arylpropionic function.
	online-pharmacy-usa.net /ref-naproxen/naproxen-research-abs3.277.html (704 words)

	Auckland Allergy Clinic - Photosensitivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Photosensitivity is an abnormal skin response involving the interaction between photosensitizing substances and sunlight or filtered or artificial light at wavelengths of 280-400 nm.
		The abnormal skin response can be the development of a skin rash, an exacerbation of an existing rash, an exaggerated sunburn or symptoms such as pruritus (itchy skin) or paraesthesia (burning) after exposure to the light.
		Photoallergy is also rare & affects the sexes equally.
	www.allergyclinic.co.nz /guides/62.html (720 words)

	Seborrheic Dermatitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Photoallergy tends to produce eczematous, intensely itchy skin lesions.
		Unlike photoallergy, phototoxicity does not require that a person have a previous exposure and sensitivity.
		Treatment of photoallergy consists of identifying the photoallergy agent by photopatch testing and subsequently avoiding it, sun protection, and treatment of inflammation and itching.
	www.skincarephysicians.com /eczemanet/june.html (1431 words)

	Quinolone photoallergy: photosensitivity dermatitis induced by systemic administration of photohaptenic drugs.
		When epidermal cells are irradiated with ultraviolet A light in the presence of fluoroquinolones, quinolone photoadducts are formed in the treated cells.
		This photomodification is thought to be an initial step for sensitization and elicitation of this photoallergy, and quinolone-photoderivatized Langerhans cells are capable of stimulating immune T cells in mice.
		In the murine model, fluoroquinolone photoallergy is mediated by Th1 cells bearing T cell receptor Vbeta 13.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1999/feb/A9920884.html (386 words)

	Photosafety Testing
		Photoallergy is an acquired, immunologically mediated reaction to a chemical initiated by the formation of photoproducts.
		Photosensitization reactions (photoirritation and/or photoallergy) occur when the photoactive chemical enters the skin via dermal penetration or systemic circulation and becomes excited by appropriate UV or visible photons.
		Photoallergy : An acquired, immunologically mediated reaction to a drug or chemical initiated by the formation of photoproducts when that drug or chemical is exposed to light
	www.fda.gov /CDER/guidance/3281dft.htm (6526 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Whether the presence of plasma during photopheresis is a risk for photoallergy was investigated with 8-MOP and chlorpromazine (CPZ; well-established photoallergen).
		It proved that both sensitizers can induce photoallergy, although the concentration of 8-MOP needed to induce photoallergy is 4.5 times higher than that of CPZ.
		It is concluded that the presence of plasma during irradiation should be avoided in order to prevent the risk of induction of photoallergy.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/10111344/articles/34/2-3/101113449507277.abstract.en (167 words)

	Cross-reactivity in murine fluoroquinolone photoallergy: exclusive usage of TCR Vbeta13 by immune T cells that ...
		Cross-reactivity in murine fluoroquinolone photoallergy: exclusive usage of TCR Vbeta13 by immune T cells that recognize fluoroquinolone-photomodified cells.
		Fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents are well known to elicit photosensitivity as an adverse effect, and their cross-reactivity has been clinically documented.
		The photoallergenicity of fluoroquinolones is mainly derived from their photohaptenic moiety, and photomodification of skin epidermal cells with fluoroquinolones is thought to be an initial step for this photoallergy.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1998/jul/M9871092.html (491 words)

	News in Brief: Photoadduct allergies
		Certain types of small molecules, called haptens, have the potential to act as immune antigens, but they can only do so when conjugated to a protein, which acts as a carrier.
		A drug-induced photoallergy occurs when a photosensitive drug hapten is driven to an excited state (via sunlight), which allows it to interact with a particular protein to form a full-fledged photoantigen.
		The team is specifically looking at 2-arylpropionic acids, which have become a commonly used class of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and have also been associated with the occurrence of photoallergy.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/mdd/v05/i01/html/01news4.html (366 words)

	Cross-Reactivity in Murine Fluoroquinolone Photoallergy: Exclusive Usage of TCR V{beta}13 by Immune T Cells That ...
		Cross-Reactivity in Murine Fluoroquinolone Photoallergy: Exclusive Usage of TCR V{beta}13 by Immune T Cells That Recognize Fluoroquinolone-Photomodified Cells -- Tokura et al.
		Cross-Reactivity in Murine Fluoroquinolone Photoallergy: Exclusive Usage of TCR Vß13 by Immune T Cells That Recognize Fluoroquinolone-Photomodified Cells
		Sensitization and elicitation of photoallergy to FQ with FQ-photomodified EC ( 21, 24)
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/160/8/3719 (5774 words)

	[No title]
		Furthermore, although the phototoxicity study B.41 specifically mentions the usefulness of this study for judging photoallergy, no criteria for classification for photosensitisation are given in Annex VI of directive 67/548.
		According to the introduction of method B.41: “The test is not designed to predict other adverse effects that may arise from the combined action of a chemical and light, e.g.
		photogenotoxicity, photoallergy, and photocarcinogenicity, although many chemicals which show these specific properties will react positive in the in vitro 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test.” Further, a photoallergy test should be done for chemicals which are negative in the B.41 according to Annex I in B.41.
	ecb.jrc.it /classlab/9204a9_NL_AHTN.doc (2846 words)

	Photosensitivity Overview
		In this form, exposure to sunlight triggers an allergic reaction in the exposed skin after they take certain medications.
		Other chemicals that can cause photoallergy are found in cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, and lotions.
		In this form of photosensitivity, itchy and red rashes usually form in the first few days of summer with intense sun exposures.
	www.healthinplainenglish.com /health/skin/photosensitivity/index.htm (308 words)

	Electronic Textbook of Dermatology---Botanical Dermatology References Part 1.
		Photocontact allergy to psoralens in Heracleum laciniatum occurred in two persons volunteering for investigations into phototoxicity of plant homogenates and purified psoralens.
		Photoallergy was noted following the fifth exposure in case 1, and the sixth in case 2.
		Ljunggren B. Psoralen photoallergy caused by plant contact.
	telemedicine.org /botanica/botrefs1.htm (3748 words)

	Photoallergy / Phototoxicity Single Port Light Source
		The 16S is ideal for Photoallergy research because of its customizeable intensity output, class "A" spectral output, +/- 5% uniformity, and 2% output stability.
		These specifications make the 16S ideal for testing because of the accuracy of results coming from a uniform and stable light source.
		UV exposure at the UVB 260 - 320 nm and UVA 320 - 400 nm range is the most biologically relevant factor for photoallergy.
	www.solarlight.com /products/Photoallergy16S.html (427 words)

	FAQ'S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		What is photoallergy and what substances affect it?
		Photoallergy is an immunological reaction produced by the interaction of light rays and certain chemicals.
		It is a form of contact allergic reaction where light is necessary to cause the sensitivity reaction.
	www.supertan.net /faqs.html (1353 words)

	Drug-induced skin reactions
		Photoallergy is less common than phototoxicity and may occur following exposure to chlorpromazine powder.
		Most systemic drugs causing photoallergy also cause phototoxicity.
		These reactions may occur as a result of local photocontact dermatitis to a topical photoallergen or a result of systemic drug therapy.
	www.pharmj.com /Editorial/19990313/education/skinreactions.html (4534 words)

	A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program: Task ...
		The third module, labeled Module 8, was comprised of three clinical studies to evaluate RSDL for production of human skin irritation, phototoxicity, and photoallergy.
		The studies were a 2 1-day cumulative irritation study of RSDL in humans, a repeated insult patch test in humans, and evaluation of phototoxicity and photoallergy.
		The clinical studies indicated that RSDL exhibits minimal irritation and did not produce phototoxicity or photosensitivity.
	www.stormingmedia.us /38/3807/A380724.html (261 words)

	eMedicine - Berloque Dermatitis : Article by Ai-Lean Chew, MBChB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Photopatch testing may be performed if photoallergy is strongly suspected.
		Adequate controls are imperative to differentiate phototoxicity from photoallergy.
		In phototoxicity, all controls will have a positive response, whereas in photoallergy, controls should be negative.
	emedicine.com /derm/topic52.htm (2174 words)

	IngentaConnect Quinolone-Photoconjugated Major Histocompatibility Complex Class ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In a murine model of quinolone photoallergy, Langerhans cells are photomodified with a systemically given quinolone upon ultraviolet A irradiation of skin and thus present photohaptenic moieties to sensitize and restimulate T cells.
		The aim of this study is to determine the site of peptides/proteins photobound to quinolones and to assess the T cell antigenicity of quinolone-photocoupled peptides using Langerhans cells as photoadduct-presenting cells.
		Furthermore, epicutaneous application of the ofloxacin-photoconjugated peptide was able to prime mice for subsequent elicitation of photoallergy evoked with systemic ofloxacin and ultraviolet A light.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/jid/2001/00000117/00000005/art01504 (319 words)

	Arch Dermatol -- Abstract: Photoallergy to benzophenone, June 1989, Knobler et al. 125 (6): 801
		Arch Dermatol -- Abstract: Photoallergy to benzophenone, June 1989, Knobler et al.
		lay public, benzophenone photoallergy is not well appreciated.
		herein the cases of four individuals with photoallergy to oxybenzone in
	archderm.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/125/6/801 (117 words)

	Solar Light - Light Sources, Radiometers, and Detectors.
		Our solar simulators can precisely reproduce the solar ultraviolet spectrum as well as full spectrum Sun light, providing output levels from 1 to 30 times the intensity of the sun.
		These light sources are used for: Clinical testing, SPF sunscreen testing, Photobiology research, Phototoxicity evaluations, Photoallergy studies, Material testing, and UV curing.
		Our standard line of radiometers and detectors can measure ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, and custom bandwidths with NIST traceable accuracy.
	www.solarlight.com (263 words)

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