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Topic: Photocathode

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	Photocathode capable of detecting position of incident light in one or two dimensions, phototube, and photodetecting ...
		A photocathode according to claim 1, wherein a material selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkali metal compound, an oxide of said alkali metal compound, and a fluoride of said alkali metal compound is coated on said first surface of said semiconductor layer.
		In the multianode photomultiplier, crosstalk between the photocathode and the multiplier section, or between the multiplier section and the anode poses a problem, and the position resolution is not substantially improved.
		1, this photocathode 1 is mounted in a vacuum vessel 21, and an anode 22 is arranged at a position opposing the photocathode 1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5471051.html (7638 words)

	Method and system for manufacturing a photocathode - US Patent 6059622 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus, the amount of material removal from the photocathode is a function of the abrasive characteristics of the polishing pad and/or chemical etching properties of the polishing compound, the amount of pressure applied to the photocathode during polishing, and the amount of time the photocathode is polished.
		As a result of component degradation or oxidation, forces applied to the outer housing during the polishing process may be transferred to the photocathode and affect the amount of material removal from the polishing surface of the photocathode.
		3, photocathode 12 is positioned in seating area 44 of retainer 16, and polishing surface 36 of photocathode 12 is in contact with polishing pad 74 and a polishing compound 76.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6059622.html (3709 words)

	Interference photocathode - US Patent 5311098 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An interference photocathode includes a reflective substrate and interference layers disposed on said reflective substrate for selectively enhancing a first photoelectric yield of said photocathode when irradiated by radiation having a first wavelength relative to a second photoelectric yield of said photocathode when irradiated by radiation having a second wavelength.
		In the case of the interference photocathode, the photoelectrons are created at the surface layer and the photoelectric yield of the interference coating is expected to be higher as compared to the photoelectric yield of opaque nickel wherein the photoelectrons are excited deeper within the metal and cannot escape.
		The interference photocathode is optimized for photoelectric yield to radiation having a wavelength such that, for a first (undesired) wavelength, field strength is minimum at both of layer 20, 24, and for a second (desired) wavelength, field strength is maximum at both layers 20, 24.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5311098.html (4820 words)

	photomultiplier photocathode types
		This photocathode is also suitable for applications in low level light detection.
		the multialkali photocathode response extends from uv to the near infra-red.
		The photocathode is deposited as a semitransparent layer directly on the inside of the window.
	www.electrontubes.com /pmt/cathodetypes.html (181 words)

	Streaking image tube with closely spaced photocathode, suppressor mesh, and accelerator mesh - Patent 4323811
		Preferably the accelerating mesh electrode and the further mesh electrode are substantially 500 mesh/inch and the spacing between the said electrodes is in the range 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm.
		In operation, typical operating potentials supplied, for the sake of simplification of explanation by a voltage source 20 and tapped resistance 21, are 0 v applied to the photocathode, +500 v applied to the accelerating electrode 3 and +50 v applied to the suppression mesh electrode 12.
		It will of course be realised that primary electrons produced by the photocathode 2 have sufficient energy to pass through the decelerating field produced by the suppression mesh electrode 12 to land on the screen 11, and it has been found that improved focussing of the electron beam results from retardation of the primary electrons.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4323811.html (1179 words)

	Photomultiplier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Incident photons strike the photocathode material which is present as a thin deposit on the entry window of the device, with electrons being produced as a consequence of the photoelectric effect.
		These electrons are directed by the focusing electrode towards the electron multiplier, where electrons are multiplied by the process of secondary emission.
		The electrons leave the photocathode, having the energy of the incoming photon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Photomultiplier (392 words)

	High-Quantum-Efficiency Photocathode for Photomultiplier Tubes
		Conventional PMTs typically have quantum efficiencies (the ratio of detected electrons to incident photons expressed as a percentage) in the vicinity of 20 percent in the visible light range to a few percent in the red and near-infrared.
		In conventional photocathodes, the process of emission is hampered by a characteristic known as electron affinity (E
		The advantage of III-V photocathodes over conventional cathodes is that it is possible to produce materials with negative electron affinity, when they are properly activated with cesium.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Sept99/PTB09991.html (732 words)

	Removal of the Photocathode Sensitivity Pattern
		First, the DN level that corresponded to zero ultraviolet illumination on the photocathode was variable over different images, owing to the response of the CCD's dark-level servo circuit to real spectral signals (§3.5).
		Thus, in creating the sensitivity template we had to add together all spectral exposures, with appropriate translations and zero-level corrections, with the working assumption that many differerent spectra with an arbitrary mix of offsets and spectral ranges from different sources were nearly equivalent to a uniform exposure everywhere.
		One can notice that the picture is slightly noisier in the locations where there were photocathode blotches, as is to be expected from the lower quantum efficiency.
	archive.stsci.edu /imaps/expastro/node24.html (988 words)

	Base Hubble : notion 41 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A photo-emissive surface composed of antimony and two alkali metals, deposited on the inside of a faceplate, that emits electrons as a result of the photoelectric effect.
		The nonuniform spatial response of the detectors is primarily due to the varying response of the bialkali photocathode which is evidenced by large and small scale variations, but there are other effects also.
		Bialkali photocathodes are most sensitive to ultraviolet, blue and green light at wavelenghts below 600 nanometers.
	www.termisti.refer.org /data/hubble/41.htm (128 words)

	ATFPUBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Consequently, interest in the generation and measurement of extremely short electron pulses by a thermionic RF gun [6] and photocathode RF gun [7,8,9] is increasing.
		Electron beams produced by laser photocathode RF guns are much brighter than those of thermionic guns and their synchronization to the laser expedites pump-probe experiments.
		The ATF accelerator system consists of a photocathode RF gun with a pair of solenoid magnets positioned symmetrically along the RF gun’s axis, and two sections of SLAC type linac as shown in Figure 1.
	www.bnl.gov /atf/publications/bunch.htm (1907 words)

	PSFC/RR-97-8 Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This thesis describes experimental research on a 17 GHz photocathode RF gun.
		Photocathode RF guns have the potential for achieving record high values of electron beam quality.
		The 1.5 cell, pi-mode, copper cavity was tested with 5-10 MW, 100 ns, 17 GHz pulses from a 24 MW Haimson Research Corp. klystron amplifier.
	www.psfc.mit.edu /library/97rr/97rr008/97rr008_abs.html (333 words)

	A Brief Description of the Instrument and Its Operation
		Second, both photocathodes have granularity - irregularities in response - of about 0.5% (rms) that can limit the S/N achieved, and there are localized blemishes that produce irregularities of several percent.
		The Side 1 photocathode also exhibits "sleeking," which is slanted, scratch-like features that have an amplitude of 1 to 2% over regions as large as half the faceplate.
		The effects of these irregularities could in principle be removed by obtaining a flat field measurement at every position on the photocathode, but that is, in general, impractical.
	www.stsci.edu /instrument-news/handbooks/ghrs/GHRS_8.html (916 words)

	[No title]
		Side 1 first-order gratings, G140L and G140M, had their spectra imaged by mirror Cam-A onto detector D1, which had a cesium iodide photocathode and was best for the shortest wavelengths (about 1050 to 1700 Å.).
		Both photocathodes had granularity-irregularities in response-of about 0.5% (rms) that could limit the S/N achieved, and there were localized blemishes that produced irregularities of several percent.
		The Side 1 photocathode also exhibited features called "sleeking," which are slanted, scratch-like features that have an amplitude of 1 to 2% over regions as large as half the faceplate.
	www.stsci.edu /documents/dhb/webvol2/c09_ghrsinstrover.fm2.html (2037 words)

	Photocathodes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Photocathodes convert light into electrons using the photoelectric effect.
		Apart from solid photocathodes which are applied to HPD's, also gaseous and liquid photocathodes are known.
		All shown cathodes are produced by vacuum evaporation in an ultra high vacuum.
	ssd-rd.web.cern.ch /ssd-rd/Pad_HPD/Principle/photocathodes.htm (103 words)

	Research and Markets - Market Research Reports - Thermionic, Cold Cathode and Photocathode Valves, Tubes, and Parts in ...
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for Netherlands in particular, is estimated using a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present a the total picture for imports and exports of thermionic, cold cathode and photocathode valves, tubes, and parts to and from Netherlands to and from all other major countries in the world.
		Thermionic, Cold Cathode and Photocathode Valves, Tubes, and Parts as a category is defined in this report following the definition given by the United Nations Statistics Division Classification Registry using the Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3 (SITC, Rev. 3).
	www.researchandmarkets.com /reports/103879/103879.htm (1009 words)

	Longitudinal Emittance Compensation In a Photocathode RF gun Injector - Analysis and Experiments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The concept of longitudinal emittance compensation in a photocathode RF gun injector is introduced first.
		The analysis shows that the arrangements of the transverse emittance compensation photocathode RF gun injector is well suited for longitudinal emittance compensation.
		By setting the laser phase relative to the RF field close to the zero crossing, the photoelectron beam produced at the gun exit will have short bunchlength and large energy spread, this beam was further compressed in the drift space followed the RF gun and solenoid.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR97/BAPSPAC97/abs/S220021.html (215 words)

	Research and Markets - Market Research Reports - Thermionic, Cold Cathode and Photocathode Valves, Tubes, and Parts in ...
		On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on thermionic, cold cathode and photocathode valves, tubes, and parts in Guatemala face a number of questions.
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for Guatemala in particular, is estimated using a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present a the total picture for imports and exports of thermionic, cold cathode and photocathode valves, tubes, and parts to and from Guatemala to and from all other major countries in the world.
	www.researchandmarkets.com /reports/103868/103868.htm (1019 words)

	Optoscope DL: Large photocathode streak camera for ultrafast optical events and analysis - Optronis GmbH - Your Partner ...
		The camera has a 30 mm useful photocathode length that allows more than 400 single optical signals to be analyzed at a time.
		In Laser Doppler Interferometry (IDL) experiments, the circular fringes of a Fabry-Perot interferometer are used to investigate the speed of objects during for instance explosions.
		To this aim, the fringes are imaged on a slit directly attached to the fiber optic window of the photocathode.
	www.optronis.com /content/view/16/42 (337 words)

	The World Market for Thermionic, Cold Cathode and Photocathode Valves, Tubes, and Parts: A 2003 Global Trade Perspective
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for thermionic, cold cathode and photocathode valves, tubes, and parts for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of thermionic, cold cathode and photocathode valves, tubes, and parts to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.marketresearch.com /researchindex/882614.html (797 words)

	Current-stabilizing illumination of photocathode electron beam source page
		An eIectron beam source hаs a photocathode with a photoemitter substance whiсh hаs a act function, and with a beam reсeiving part and an eIectron emitting part.
		A subsequent beam source directs a subsequent beam beam оntо the beam reсeiving part of the photocathode, suсh as оntо the beam reсeiving part, to steady the eIectron beam.
		Une source de faisceau d'électrons a une photocathode avec un matériel de photo-émetteur ayant une fonction de travail, et avec un faisceau recevant la partie et un électron émettant la partie.
	www.patentalert.com /docs/001/z00157852.shtml (327 words)

	Time of Flight Simulation
		The timing is simulated by using each energy deposit in the scintillator to generate photons which are traced in time to the photocathode of the photomultiplier where photoelectrons are produced.
		Photon paths are generated randomly in direction and the flight time to the photocathode is calculated and added to the time from GEANT.
		The flight time to the photocathode for each photon is calculated for the time of flight simulation.
	www.vupac.vanderbilt.edu /e864/physics/doe_proposal_root/node28.html (678 words)

	General Spectroscopy Overview
		A photoemissive diode consists of a surface (photocathode) appropriately treated to permit the ejection of electrons by low-energy photons and a separate electrode (the anode) on which electrons are collected, both sealed within an evacuated glass envelope.
		Other photodetectors include imaging tubes (e.g., television cameras), which can measure a spatial variation of the light across the surface of the photocathode, and microchannel plates, which combine the spatial resolution of an imaging tube with the light sensitivity of a photomultiplier.
		A night vision device consists of a microchannel plate multiplier in which the electrons at the output are directed onto a phosphor screen and can then be read out with an imaging tube.
	www.pharm.uky.edu /ASRG/general_spectroscopy.html (3311 words)

	INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY
		The infrared radiation collected by a lens is focused on an electrically charged surface called a photocathode.
		The infrared radiation causes electrons to leave the photocathode and these electrons are focused by a magnetic lens on a screen coated with a fluorescing material.
		In this fashion the invisible infrared image formed on the photocathode surface is made visible as a fluorescent image that can be seen or recorded with a camera loaded with conventional film.
	www.rit.edu /~andpph/text-infrared-basics.html (3854 words)

	55243-99-I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Significant gains in compactness, beam brightness, efficiency, and reliability could be realized by developing a superconducting gun where the photocathode is an integral part of the initial accelerating cavity.
		Commercial Applications and Other Benefits as described by the awardee: A superconducting photocathode gun would be an ideal source for superconducting electron accelerators and free electron lasers.
		Additional applications would ensue if the gun can be further developed towards the higher power required for commercial material processing and military free-electron laser applications, because of the improved cost, performance, and efficiency.
	www.sc.doe.gov /SBIR/Awards_Abstracts/sbir/cycle17/phase1/100.htm (213 words)

	The 2000 World Market Forecasts for Imported Thermionic, Cold Cathode and Photocathode Valves, Tubes, and Parts
		This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and export managers whose primary concern is the world market for thermionic, cold cathode and photocathode valves, tubes, and parts.
		Icon Group has developed a proprietary methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for thermionic, cold cathode and photocathode valves, tubes, and parts for those firms serving the world via exports and foreign direct investment.
		The total level of exports on a worldwide basis is based on a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year.
	www.marketresearch.com /researchindex/573890.html (430 words)

	US PATENT SUBCLASS 313 / 541-- .~ Having photocathode on tube wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		530, for a photosensitive lamp or discharge device having a phosphor screen and a photocathode on the lamp or discharge envelope.
		538, for a gas phototube having a photocathode on the envelope wall.
		544, for a photocathode combined with an envelope.
	www.patentec.com /data/class/defs/313/541.html (81 words)

	Near IR Photocathode Development - Storming Media
		Abstract: This paper reports on the development of transmission mode Transferred Electron (TE) photocathodes with quantum efficiency in excess of 10% which function in the 950 - 1700 nm wavelength range.
		Photocathode device physics will be briefly covered along with sealed tube photocathode performance.
		Measured performance characteristics include: photocathode spectral response, dark current, image tube resolution, and image quality data.
	www.stormingmedia.us /14/1484/A148493.html (110 words)

	The World Market for Television Camera Tubes, Image Converters and Intensifiers, and Other Photocathode Tubes: A 2004 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across country markets and projects these to the current year.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, and other photocathode tubes to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.telecom-research.com /R307-6545.html (807 words)

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