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Topic: Photon mapping

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	Research - Caustics Through Glass in Softimage XSI
		Photon Mapping is a technique used in XSI and Mental Ray to calculate indirect lighting in a scene and can produce the caustic effects on objects.
		Photon mapping is only used in situations that cannot be handled by direct illumination therefore photons are not stored at the first reflection or transmission location.
		The data in a photon map is stored in a seperate file and is therefore relatively independent of the scene geometery whcih means that it is not limited to less complex scenes and the rendering time is not increased for more complex scenes.
	www.edharriss.com /tutorials/tutorial_xsi_caustic_glass/photmap.htm (391 words)

	Photon Mapping - Zack Waters
		The primary goal of this pass is to populate the photon maps that are used in the rendering pass to calculate the reflected radiance at surfaces and out-scattered radiance in participating media.
		Photon mapping is used to calculate the effects of indirect lighting and caustics.
		Visualizing the photon map directly basically means we gather N nearest photons and estimate the radiance directly from that information using the last equation from the previous section.
	web.cs.wpi.edu /~emmanuel/courses/cs563/write_ups/zackw/photon_mapping/PhotonMapping.html (2321 words)

	Photons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Photon mapping is a technique which uses a backwards ray-tracing pre-processing step to render refractive and reflective caustics realistically.
		Photons are shot in a spiral pattern with uniform angular density.
		The photon map itself is view-independent, so if you want to animate a scene that contains photons and you know the photon map will not change during the animation, you can save it on the first frame and then load it for all subsequent frames.
	nathan.kopp.com /photons.htm (3388 words)

	Photon mapping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To avoid emitting unneeded photons, the initial direction of the outgoing photons is often constrained.
		Photon mapping is generally a preprocess and is carried out before the main rendering of the image.
		Although photon mapping was designed to work primarily with ray tracers, it can also be used with scanline renderers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Photon_mapping (575 words)

	Photon - Fundamentals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Photon Mapping is currently one of the fastest algorithms available for simulating Global Illumination.
		The Photon Mapping technique was developed by Henrik Wann Jensen and the first published papers discussing the technique appeared in 1995.
		Photon Mapping is a two-pass algorithm, which takes a mixed approach, and adds two very clever twists.
	www.ypoart.com /tutorials/Photon-Fundamentals.htm (565 words)

	ATFGame's IdIosyncrasy: Programming - Tachyonic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Photon Mapping is an extension to ray tracing that enables flexible and efficient global illumination calculations.
		Photons that follow a LS+D path are recorded in the caustics photon map.
		The flux stored in the recorded photons vary and depend on the photon's originating light source, what surfaces the photon bounced off of, etc. This information is used in the second pass of the Photon Mapping algorithm.
	cs.cornell.edu /boom/2003sp/ProjectArch/PhotonMapping2/tachyonic.htm (1594 words)

	[No title]
		Photon mapping is a preprocessing technique aimed to accelerate the calculation of physically accurate lighting conditions.
		Before rendering, photons are shot from the light sources in the scene and the location of their interaction with surfaces is recorded in a spatial data structure called a photon map.
		The photon map is generated in a preprocessing step where photons are emitted from all light sources and traced through the scene.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~jwhui/research/photon_mapping/finalreport.doc (3845 words)

	Using photon mapping to create global illumination and caustics in the basic ray-tracer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The basic idea of a photon map is to shoot photons in random directions from all the lights in the scene and let them propagate through the scene.
		An entry in the photon map is, in effect, a sampling of the overall radiance at a point in a particular direction.
		To sample the photon map, a sphere is centered about the location, and all the photons in the photon map that fall inside of this sphere are considered.
	www.ma.utexas.edu /users/jpearson/photonmapping.html (1516 words)

	Fraunhofer ISE - RADIANCE Photon Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The photon map is a global illumination algorithm developed by Henrik Wann Jensen as part of his Ph.D. dissertation.
		The irradiance is proportional to the photon density.
		The photon map is generated with the mkpmap utility, which simulates the photon transport for a given octree file, sorts the photons in a spatial data structure (kd-tree), and saves it to a file.
	www.ise.fhg.de /alt-aber-aktiv/radiance/photon-map (756 words)

	Henrik Wann Jensen's homepage
		Photon mapping is quite good at simulating subsurface scattering, but it becomes costly for highly scattering materials such as milk and skin.
		The photon map is decoupled from the scene geometry, and it can be used in models with millions of objects and complex materials.
		Photon mapping is a practical technique capable of simulating color bleeding, caustics, participating media, subsurface scattering, and motion blur.
	graphics.ucsd.edu /~henrik (740 words)

	[No title]
		Photons are a based on the physical concept of light and are a divisible packet of energy emitted from a light source.
		Photons are traced in a scene in a similar fashion to rays however a value for the light energy is calculated which is more physically accurate than the concept of light color used in raytracing.
		Photons traced along paths in the scene deposite energy data which is stored in a photon map.
	www.edharriss.com /tutorials/tutorial_xsi_caustic_glass/photons.htm (319 words)

	[No title]
		When I first started hearing about photon mapping the technique was somewhat of a mystery to me. Consequently, I enjoyed working on this, a project for which I could read more and work more on the topics of my interest.
		Photon mapping and the techniques based on it are useful and important for almost any kind of rendering that needs to be realistic because this kind of light exists everywhere.
		Caustic photon maps need less so for the caustic map, photons there are 400 photons When the photon map is created a procedure should be called to emit photons, creating photon rays.
	home.mchsi.com /~cmkolano/cs/Abstract.doc (2541 words)

	Amazon.ca: Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping: Books: Henrik Wann Jensen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Photon mapping, an extension of ray tracing, makes it possible to efficiently simulate global illumination in complex scenes.
		Photon mapping can simulate caustics (focused light, such as shimmering waves at the bottom of a swimming pool), diffuse inter-reflections (e.g., the bleeding of colored light from a red wall onto a white floor, giving the floor a reddish tint), and participating media (e.g., clouds or smoke).
		This book is a practical guide to photon mapping; it provides both the theory and the practical insight necessary to implement photon mapping and simulate all types of direct and indirect illumination efficiently.
	www.amazon.ca /Realistic-Synthesis-Using-Photon-Mapping/dp/1568811470 (615 words)

	Fast Rendering of Caustics using Photon Mapping and Texture Maps
		One approach to global illumination is Photon mapping [Jensen95] which can capture the specular and the diffuse components of the lighting model.
		The photon map is a 3D spatial structure that records photon hits based on location.
		The second stage of photon mapping is the rendering stage.
	www.cse.ucsc.edu /classes/cmps260/Spring02/submit/dbrooks/causticWeb (3127 words)

	Justin Rogers : Why is photon mapping popular in gaming right now, and will it stay?
		Photon mapping is a somewhat new technique for computing the flow of light enery within a scene (I will attempt to use layman's terms and won't be defining any of the domain specific terms in this entry if I can help it).
		The alternatives to photon mapping tend to be ray tracing and radiosity.
		Photon mapping is meant to simulate the way photons traverse the natural world, but yet photon mapping doesn't intrinsically build in various laws of nature.
	weblogs.asp.net /justin_rogers/archive/2004/03/30/104498.aspx (1948 words)

	PixelForge - Photons Explained
		Also worth noting is the saturated reddish-brown wood map that is controlled via a Brazil Utility Material; the original material is dropped into the Utility material slot and the GI Generate and Receive levels are turned down to lessen the effect of the color in the render.
		It’s important to note that the global photon map is a means to a GI solution—there is not “just one” single solution, but several depending on the look you are trying to achieve.
		Once a photon map is cached, you can change the number of photons in the estimate and the maximum search radius independently to obtain different render solutions from the photon map.
	www.splutterfish.com /sf/contrib/tutorials/pixelforge_photons/_contents (1583 words)

	POV-Ray: Documentation: 1.4.3.5 What is Photon Mapping?
		Photon mapping is only used to calculate illumination, ie.
		Photon mapping is calculated only for those (user-specified) objects that need it (ie.
		As you have seen, for the photon mapping to work in an acceptable way, you have to tell the program which objects you want to reflect/refract light and which you do not.
	www.povray.org /documentation/view/3.6.1/163 (345 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, in order to use illumination maps, the scene has to be tesselated and this limits the complexity of the models (we have no more arbitrary geometry).
		The basic idea of photon mapping is to separate the representation of the illumination and the geometry.
		The photon mapping algorithm: A two-pass algorithm that creates the photon maps and then use them during the rendering process.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~pablo/EECS204/photonmapping/node1.html (216 words)

	Shaders and Photon Mapping - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums
		However, for photon mapping, where photons need to be traced from a light, it would seem that surfaces will need a second shader subroutine.
		Photon mapping, as a forward ray-tracing method, is at heart a scatter operation.
		Photon mapping will probably not be feasible for dynamic scenes for quite some time.
	www.gamedev.net /community/forums/viewreply.asp?ID=2394307 (1434 words)

	POV-Ray: Documentation: 2.6.3.2 Using Photon Mapping in Your Scene
		Whenever a photon hits an object, the photon is stored and will later be used to render caustics on that object.
		Finally, you may wish to enable photon reflection and refraction for a surface, even if it is not a target.
		This allows indirect photons (photons that have already hit a target and been reflected or refracted) to continue their journey after hitting this object.
	www.povray.org /documentation/view/3.6.1/425 (1620 words)

	Photon Mapping Questions - Page 2 - DevMaster.net Forums
		Jensen spoke as if the irradiance was gathered based on the number of photons wanted for the estimate, not on the search radius, contrary to his implementation.
		The idea with a caustic map is that by concentrating a lot of photons toward the specular objects you'll generate a map that has a lot of concentrated photons in the areas where the caustics are, so you'll get a lot of photons to work with in even a small radius.
		Generally speaking you shouldn't modify the weights of the photons, but just randomly choose whether to re-emit the photon or not based on the reflectance of the surface.
	www.devmaster.net /forums/showthread.php?p=40004#post40004 (1149 words)

	A Basic Guide to Photon Maps in VRay
		That is why often photon maps are used to speed up a more accurate Monte Carlo pass, which uses the photon map as an estimate for secondary GI bounces.
		The result is very nearly the same as when we used the irradiance map alone, but renders much faster, due to the fact the irradiance map will now use the photon map for approximating secondary light bounces.
		By default, the illumination at a given point is approximated from the photon map by looking up the nearest N photons (where N is, in fact, the value of the Max photons parameter), and dividing their summed energy by the area that the photons cover.
	www.chaosgroup.com /stuff/PMapTutorial (1593 words)

	ATFGame's IdIosyncrasy
		Tachyonic is mainly written in C#, with some components such as the photon map written in C++ and assembly (SSE2).
		In addition, final gathering and irradiance caching as described in Per Christensen's paper "Faster Photon Map Global Illumination" is implemented.
		Then, I lock the global photon map, and continually cast more photons until the casted photon map is filled.
	www.atfgame.net /projects/tachyonic.html (704 words)

	Photon Mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Photon Mapping is a rendering technique which can render indirect illumination and caustics, lighting effects generally called radiosity or global illumination.
		With this tutorial, I will try to explain how Photon Mapping works and what are the effects of each of the different parameters which affect the resulting render quality and time.
		Photon Mapping is not easy to use and requires the acquisition of a lot of new knowledge.
	www.ypoart.com /tutorials/Photon-Mapping.htm (304 words)

	Distributed Photon Mapping - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums
		This photon mapper traces 1 million photons in each photon-tracing pass, and renders the entire frame buffer from the photon map.
		However, then sending the entire photon map back to the clients is a big problem, as you say, if it grows in size...
		Photon mapping (and, in general, all Monte Carlo sampling methods) works by using a large number of samples to overcome statistical anomalies in the random number generator that chooses where to take samples from.
	www.gamedev.net /community/forums/viewreply.asp?ID=2090070 (4370 words)

	Photon mapping
		Photon map of the scene with 1.000.000 photons at the first interaction.
		The photons in this map must be reflected/refracted further or absorbed at their current position.
		Photon map from above using the x and z values.
	home.planet.nl /~versc436/PhotonMap.html (179 words)

	CS 580 Programming Assignment 4
		Photon mapping is a rendering technique that uses emitted (as well as refracted and reflected) photons to calculate the illumination of a particular
		A photon is a structure with a position, a splitting plane (used for splitting kd-trees), an incoming direction denoted by angles theta and
		This is a C++ implementation of the photon map.
	cs-people.bu.edu /elshadk/cs580/p4 (373 words)

	Cornellbox: Photon Mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In my implementation, I couple the photon map with the geometry, which I know is not the way the standard photon mapping does.
		However, I think my coupling of photon map with the geoemtry does not put too much limit on geoemtry complexity as it appears.
		Another problem with my photon mapping is, I cannot get numberical agreement with (bi)path tracing and metropolis algorithms.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~xchen/image_synthesis_8.html (161 words)

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