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Topic: Photuris (firefly)

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Firefly

Photuris

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	Firefly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fireflies (family Lampyridae), also known as lightning bugs, are nocturnal, luminous beetles.
		Female Photuris fireflies are known for mimicking the mating flashes of other fireflies for the sole purpose of predation[1].
		Fireflies overwinter (sometimes for several years, depending on the species) during the larval stage by burrowing underground and emerge in the spring.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Firefly (592 words)

	Firefly, HYG-2125-95
		Fireflies or "lightning bugs" are needed in medical research laboratories throughout the world.
		The firefly technique is used to study heart disease, muscular dystrophy, urology, antibiotic testing, waste water treatment, environmental protection and diagnosis of hypothermia in swine-a condition costing the pork industry $200 to $300 million each year.
		A catcher turning in 75,000 fireflies would be paid at the rate of one cent each of $750.00 plus a $10.00 bonus at the 25,000 firefly level; a $20.00 bonus at the 50,000 firefly level and a $30.00 bonus at the 75,000 firefly level.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2125.html (954 words)

	Text Only Version
		Firefly larvae thus collected may be used in feeding trials with the objective to determine a food which may be used to rear firefly larvae.
		As Photuris eggs from which the larvae hatched were exposed to 12 hours of daylight (kept under a 20 watt mercury vapor lamp) and handled by the method of placing eggs in water, neither light nor water seems to effect the larvae hatching from eggs.
		Photuris on the other hand may more readily scavenger for its food, eating the dead bodies of small animals, such that much of its food source is of a harder nature and is actually torn apart and chewed (as in the case of eating dog food in the laboratory).
	www.donaldburger.com /fflink32.htm (14405 words)

	Insect Behavior Review Articles 1997
		Photuris is one of the difficulties taxonomist have had to overcome when using this method.
		Photuris generally have larger populations than their prey species and observations of capture rates are low which contributes to this theory (Lloyd, 1990).
		Therefore, Photuris species generally do not possess a discrete response to conspecific courtship patterns and response latency is not as important in their own courtship as in other fireflies (Vencl, 1994).
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_1997/stous.html (3328 words)

	Firefly / Lightning Bug - Photuris lucicrescens
		Fireflies and lightning bugs are neither flies nor bugs, but beetles.
		Because of the luminous organ at the tip of the abdomen, fireflies are some of the most familiar, and surprisingly well-liked (or should I say less-feared?) insects.
		It is a sad childhood, indeed, that does not contain a summer evening or two spent chasing and capturing these charming little fellows.
	www.cirrusimage.com /beetle_firefly_Photuris_lucicrescens.htm (103 words)

	Conversations with Fireflies: A Case Study of Mimicry and Defense - Case Teaching Notes - Case Study Collection - ...
		Firefly habitat is varied, but fireflies typically are found in grassy fields or along the brushy banks of streams and marshy areas.
		Firefly flashing is an intricate form of communication in which the males advertise their presence to females.
		Femme fatale fireflies are unusual in their ability to mimic the flash pattern of females of other species, and thereby trick the males.
	www.sciencecases.org /fireflies/fireflies_notes.asp (1302 words)

	Firefly Mysteries Introduction
		Firefly Mysteries presents revelations related to the rearing, egg, embryo, early instar and behavior of Photinus pyralis larvae with respect to gregarious feeding behavior, vivisection of host food via digestive enzymes, interring of earthworms and proof larvae use eyes and lanterns to form aggregates.
		Study of firefly larvae emphasizes that the difference between the various genus of fireflies includes extreme variations in morphology at the larva stage.
		Firefly orgies are common in the field or in the laboratory when several males locate a female and compete to copulate with her.
	www.byteland.org /firefly/intro_ffm.html (3843 words)

	Firefly fatal attraction
		The study employed adult fireflies (which entomologists regard as beetles, not true flies) from the Ithaca area, as well as larval fireflies from Montgomery County in Maryland and Alachua County in Florida.
		Because the fireflies' defensive compound was found to have a close chemical resemblance to bufalin steroids in the venom of poisonous Chinese toads, the Cornell researchers combined the Latin terms for "light" and "toad," respectively, and coined the word "lucibufagin." Lucibufagins are
		Photuris fireflies without lucibufagins are eaten by spiders, the Cornell study showed.
	www.news.cornell.edu /Chronicle/97/9.4.97/firefly.html (671 words)

	Augusta Georgia: technology@ugusta: Love can be lethal for male firefly 9/1/97
		The lovesick male firefly is lured by a female of another firefly species, which imitates the male's mating signal.
		The male races to her side and is promptly chewed to pieces, yet another victim of the femme fatale of fireflies.
		The deception not only provides nourishment for the predator firefly, says Thomas Eisner of Cornell, but it also lets the female absorb from her victim a defensive chemical that wards off attack from birds, bats and spiders.
	chronicle.augusta.com /stories/090297/tech_firefly.html (551 words)

	Is the Firefly Flash Regulated by Calcium? -- Carlson 44 (3): 220 -- Integrative and Comparative Biology
		Carlson, A. Induction of scintillation in the firefly.
		Release of octopamine from the photomotor neurones of the larval firefly lanterns.
		Smith, D. The organization and innervation of the luminescent organ in a firefly, Photuris pennsylvanica (Coleoptera).
	icb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/44/3/220 (1941 words)

	Firefly FAQ's
		The species of fireflies which occur naturally in one location are generally very specific to that area and the novice should not play God and try to introduce fireflies to their backyard garden, park or preserve.
		Fireflies of the correct species will come into areas from surrounding regions unless there are conditions such as paranoid over spraying for mosquitos, extreme light pollution, or asphalting of large acerage which contribute to the total irradication of firefly populations as well and the whole sale slaughter of many beneficial insects.
		Photuris often may be seen flashing in rapid succession, especially when alarmed or captured, and has the ability to mimic the flash response of a number of different species of Photinus.
	www.byteland.org /naturalist/firefly_faq.html (12388 words)

	Blinks and Links to Fireflies
		pyralis is presented in Firefly Mysteries Revelations related to the egg, embryo, early instar and behavior of Photinus pyralis larvae with respect to gregarious feeding behavior, vivisection of host food via digestive enzymes, interring of earthworms and proof larvae use eyes and lanterns to form aggregates.
		It may be similar in nature to the response of individual fireflies tending to blink in unison to the same physical perception of light flashing which then results in the synchronous blinking of individuals in mass.
		Firefly Mysteries Revelations related to the egg, embryo, early instar and behavior of Photinus pyralis larvae with respect to gregarious feeding behavior, vivisection of host food via digestive enzymes, interring of earthworms and proof larvae use eyes and lanterns to form aggregates.
	members.aol.com /terrylynch/firefly.htm (3024 words)

	RFC 2522 (rfc2522) - Photuris: Session-Key Management Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		When repetitive Photuris exchanges occur between the same parties, and the Exchange-Values are discovered to be unchanged, the previously calculated shared-secret can be used to rapidly generate new session-keys.
		During the Photuris exchange, when this error message is received, it has no immediate effect on the operation of the protocol phases.
		During the Photuris exchange, when this error message is received in response to a Cookie_Request or Value_Request, the implementation SHOULD double the retransmission timeout (as usual) for sending another Cookie_Request or Value_Request.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2522.html (13881 words)

	Firefly flashes and Nitric Oxide
		Female Photuris fireflies are highly specialized predators that can facultatively imitate the flash signal given by other species' females.
		The Firefly lantern is located on the ventral abdominal surface (stippled area) beneath translucent cuticle.
		When fireflies are placed into NO they begin to flash very rapidly and the lantern glows continuously.
	ase.tufts.edu /biology/Firefly (746 words)

	pennsylvania firefly
		The Pennsylvania Firefly is one of many species of fireflies in our area.
		The wings of this firefly are brown or gray, with yellow bands along the sides and a pale stripe down the middle.
		After mating, female fireflies lay eggs, one at a time, in rotting wood or dead leaves on the ground.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/pennsylvania_firefly.htm (260 words)

	EXN.ca \| Discovery
		Cornell University researchers have found that females of one firefly species lure males of another by imitating that species' mating signal.
		After eating the male, Photuris versicolor females can "bleed" the poison on their outer shell when they are attacked by birds or spiders and keep them away.
		Researchers found that birds that eat a firefly with lucibufagins - a chemical similar to those found in the venom of a particular type of Chinese toad - will vomit.
	www.exn.ca /Stories/1997/09/02/01.asp (285 words)

	Text Only Version
		Fireflies are abundant in Pennsylvania, yet aren’t considered pests.
		Living things that glow in the dark, such as fireflies, are said to be bioluminescent.
		of a firefly, courtesy of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
	www.donaldburger.com /fflink06.htm (337 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The modulus is followed by (concatenated to) the generator, and the variable number of significant bits are contained in the Exchange Scheme Value field in the list of Offered-Schemes.
		SHA1-DP As described in [Firefly] "Validity Verification", the SHA1 [FIPS-180-1] hash is calculated over the concatenation of SHA1(key, data, datafill, key, sha1fill) The leading key is not padded to any particular alignment.
		The "whitening" of the DES IV is intended to obscure the relation of the number of parties and SPIs active between two IP nodes.
	ietfreport.isoc.org /all-ids/draft-simpson-photuris-schemes-00.txt (2112 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Security Considerations Photuris was based on currently available tools, by experienced net- work protocol designers with an interest in cryptography, rather than by cryptographers with an interest in network protocols.
		Karn & Simpson expires in six months [Page 69] DRAFT Photuris Protocol November 1997 History The initial specification of Photuris, now called version 1 (December 1994 to March 1995), was based on a short list of design require- ments, and simple experimental code by Phil Karn.
		"Firefly" is in turn the name for the USA National Security Admin- istration's (classified) key exchange protocol for the STU-III secure telephone.
	www.citi.umich.edu /u/provos/photuris/draft-simpson-photuris-current.txt (3729 words)

	Conversations with Fireflies: A Case Study of Mimicry and Defense - Case Study Collection - National Center for Case ...
		He thought fireflies sounded interesting and that it must have been fun to tromp around in the field studying them.
		One 11-mm fl Photuris male was later caught which emitted single, ragged, flickering flashes at intervals from 3 to 5 seconds in duration.
		And if those fireflies were doing what he thought they were doing, he had an awful lot to learn about how their behavior had evolved, and why they were doing it.
	www.sciencecases.org /fireflies/fireflies.asp (1250 words)

	Photuris Pennsylvannica Woods Firefly
		Habitat : Adults are found in forests rather than in the fields as most members of the family.
		Note : TThe light organs of fireflies are used in biochemical assays.
		They are gathered from wild populations because so far no one has been able to raise fireflies in captivity.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /product/AA93 (155 words)

	CNN - Love can be lethal for male firefly - September 1, 1997
		CNN - Love can be lethal for male firefly - September 1, 1997
		WASHINGTON (AP)-- A lovesick male firefly hopefully flickers his light and gets a come-hither flash from a nearby female.
		"This is another example in nature of how much of the world is built on sex," said James E. Lloyd, a noted firefly expert at the University of Florida at Gainesville.
	www.cnn.com /EARTH/9709/01/firefly.ap (506 words)

	Effect of Adrenergic Drugs on the Lantern of the Larval PHOTURIS FIREFLY -- CALRLSON 48 (2): 381 -- Journal of ...
		Effect of Adrenergic Drugs on the Lantern of the Larval PHOTURIS FIREFLY -- CALRLSON 48 (2): 381 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		A number of adrenergic drugs were tested for their ability
		to induce luminescence in the extirpated lantern of the firefly
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/48/2/381 (235 words)

	Neural Control of the Male Photuris Versicolor Firefly Flash -- CARLSON 92 (1): 165 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		Neural Control of the Male Photuris Versicolor Firefly Flash -- CARLSON 92 (1): 165 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		Neural Control of the Male Photuris Versicolor Firefly Flash
		or the lantern of the decapitated male Photuris versicolor firefly
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/92/1/165 (182 words)

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