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	Phoumi Nosavan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phoumi Nosavan (1920-1985) was a Lao military and political figure of the Second Indochina War.
		Backed by the CIA, Phoumi, then a colonel, became a cabinet minister in the right-wing government of the Kingdom of Laos in February 1959 and a general several months later.
		On December 13, Phoumi began the Battle of Vientiane and victorious, installed Boun Oum as premier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phoumi_Nosavan (506 words)

	Phoumi Nosavan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phoumi Nosavan (1920 - 1985) was a Lao military and political figure of the Second Indochina War.
		Backed by the CIA, Phoumi, then a colonel, became a cabinet minister in the right-winggovernment of the Kingdom of Laos in February 1959 and a generalseveral months later.
		On December 13, Phoumi began the Battle of Vientiane andvictorious, installed Boun Oum as premier.
	www.therfcc.org /phoumi-nosavan-276438.html (482 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Laos - The Army Enters Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phoumi, temporarily rebuffed, bided his time as minister of defense.
		With financial support from Marshal Sarit Thanarat of Thailand, Phoumi bought off strong or inconvenient candidates and enlisted civil servants as his campaign workers.
		A new government was formed on June 3, ostensibly headed by Somsanith but in fact controlled by Phoumi acting as minister of defense under the aegis of his new political party, the Social Party (Paxa Sangkhom).
	encyclopaedic.net /world/laos/25.php (356 words)

	Knowledge King - Phoumi Nosavan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Shortly after Kong Le's neutralist coup, he sought help from Sarith Thanarath to establish a competing capital in Savannakhet.
		On December 8th, Souvanna Phouma relieved Kong Le from his command, but the next day Kong Le deposed Souvanna Phouma (who went to Cambodia) and the leftist minister Quinim Pholsena was appointed premiere.
		On December 13th, Phoumi began the Battle of Vientiane and victorious, installed Boun Oum as premier.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/p/ph/phoumi_nosavan.html (492 words)

	Laoplanet.net - International Pressure and the Advent of the Second Coalition: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phoumi's failure to advance on the Plain of Jars made a deep impression on the new administration of United States president John F. Kennedy.
		If Phoumi had his difficulties with Kong Le's outnumbered battalion, he was no match for the North Vietnamese.
		The North Vietnamese-Pathet Lao counteroffensive that opened in January drove Phoumi's poorly motivated troops and their United States military advisers back--a retreat that irrevocably changed the balance of forces in Laos.
	laoplanet.net /content/view/184/49 (757 words)

	AII POW-MIA Operation Lazarus
		Overall, PHOUMI does have loyal right wing groups along the Lao border with Thailand that support him and several isolated military strongholds within Laos, BUT he is an old and selfish fat man with little direct influence with the Thais or Lao.
		PHOUMI is a cheat who receives money from stateside Lao to care for his people in refugee camps along the border.
		Phoumi has contact with PL authorities in the Nape-Lac Sao area that have access to from 6-to-8 POWs that could be brought to the border with Thailand and turned over.
	www.aiipowmia.com /reports/lazarus.html (4778 words)

	Bounleut Saycocie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A loyal support of Phoumi Nosavan, he conspired with him to attempt a putsch in February 1965.
		U.S. Ambassador William Sullivan telegramed Washington ominously, saying "Bounleut's principal accomplishment so far has been seizure of radio station." The coup failed and Bounleut sought and received political asylum in Thailand, where he remained until 1968, when he moved to France.
		Along with Phoumi, he is said to have assisted in drafting the plan for Thao Ma's attempted coup in August 1973, another failure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bounleut_Saycocie (249 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		General Phoumi Nosavan then went to Thailand and with the help of its dictator, his mentor Sarit Dhanarajata, returned to Laos to establish a competing capital in Savannakhet.
		Phoumi proceeded to attack Vientiane, weakened by a Thai blockade, on September 18th but the neutralists with the help of the Pathet Lao and the Soviets, repulsed the atack.
		On January 31, 1965 Phoumi and Siho led a coup d'etat, but Kong Le troops defeated them by February 4.
	mutluyasam.info /index.php?title=Kong_Le (626 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Laos
		Rightist forces under Gen. Phoumi Nosavan drove out the neutralist government from power later that same year.
		Subsequently, the neutralists allied themselves with the communist insurgents and began to receive support from the Soviet Union.
		Phoumi Nosavan's rightist regime received support from the U.S. On August 9, 1960 the then-unknown Captain Kong Le led the Second Paratroop Battalion in a virtually bloodless coup détat that overthrew the right wing government of Laos.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Laos (1695 words)

	Phoumi Nosavan - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Phoumi Nosavan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phoumi Nosavan - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Phoumi Nosavan.
		Here you will find more informations about Phoumi Nosavan.
		The orginal Phoumi Nosavan article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Phoumi-Nosavan.html (556 words)

	History of Laos
		In 1960, Kong Le, a paratroop captain, seized Vientiane in a coup and demanded formation of a neutralist government to end the fighting.
		The neutralist government was once again led by Souvanna Phouma but was driven from power later that same year by rightist forces under General Phoumi Nosavan.
		Phoumi Nosavan's rightist regime received support from the U.S. A second Geneva conference was held in 1961-1962, and provided for the independence and neutrality of Laos.
	www.muchofun.com /history/laos_history.html (772 words)

	Kong Le
		General Phoumi Nosavan then went to Thailand and with the help of its dicator, his mentor, Sarith Thanarath returned to Laos to establish a competing capital in Savannakhet[?].
		On December 8th, Souvanna Phouma relieved Kong Le from his command, but the next day Kong Le deposed Souvanna Phouma (who flew to Phnom Penh with Prince Boun Om[?] and his other ministers) and the leftist minister Quinim Pholsena[?] was appointed premiere[?].
		The neutralist government was deposed by the the right-wing generals Kouprasith Abhay and Siho Lamphouthakoun[?] April 19th, 1964, but following international pressure, Souvanna Phouma was reinstalled as premiere.
	www.fastload.org /ko/Kong_Le.html (638 words)

	Memorandum for Joseph Califano (author unknown) Reporting that the Lao Deputy Prime Minister Would Like to Expand ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		General Phoumi Nosavan, Deputy Prime Minister in the coalition government of Laos, visited Washington from October 3 to 7.
		His chief objective in his talks in Washington seemed to be to sound out U.S. attitudes toward Laos, also toward possible changes in the government of National Union and, during conversations at the Department of Defense, to seek support for expending military operations largely of a clandestine, guerrilla type in Northern Laos.
		General Phoumi was informed that the U.S. would continue its efforts to gain adherence to the 1962 Geneva agreements and stabilize the situation in Laos.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/pentagon3/doc208.htm (216 words)

	Laos 1957-1973 KH
		The American wheeling and dealing centered around giving power to the CIA's hand picked rightist strongman Phoumi Nosavan, ousting Souvanna Phouma and other neutralists, and jailing Pathet Lao leaders, including the movement's head, Souphanouvong (the half-brother of Souvanna Phouma, both being princes of the royal family).
		The Laotian government and the large American establishment in Laos, each for their own reasons, were not about to let the golden goose slip away that easily.
		in April 1964, the coalition government, such as it was, was overthrown by the right wing, with the CIA's man Phoumi Nosavan emerging as part of a rightist government headed by the perennial survivor Souvanna Phouma to give it a neutralist fig leaf.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Blum/Laos_KH.html (1866 words)

	The Nation, 06/02/1962 - Editorials
		In Laos, the general aid is cut off, so that the civilians there would know who was boss, but Phourni Nosavan, the military strongman, continued to receive his stipend, as did the assistant strongmen.
		...there would know who was boss, but Phoumi Nosavan, the military strongman, continued to receive his stipend,.as did the assistant, strongmen...
		...They had no provocation except that our strongman, General' Phoumi Nosavan, was reinforcing his garrison in the area until the soldiers had to sleep standing up...
	www.archive.thenation.com /Summaries/v194i0022_04.htm (1991 words)

	Supporting the "Secret War": CIA Air Operations in Laos, 1955-1974 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As Phoumi prepared to march on Vientiane from his base in Savannakhet, US assistance to the rightwing general increased sharply.
		Phoumi also obtained support from his close friend, Thai Prime Minister Marshal Sarit Thanarat, who sent teams from the elite Police Aerial Reinforcement Unit to work with Phoumi's soldiers.
		Encouraged by General Phoumi and assisted by a US Special Forces team, he began to organize a Hmong staybehind force on the southeastern edge of the PDJ.
	www.cia.gov /csi/studies/winter99-00/art7.html (7752 words)

	Bio, Moon, Walter H.
		Kong Le had himself been a graduate of the CIA-sponsored Philippine scout and ranger school and had announced that he was fighting the corrupt royal government headed by Prince Souvanna Phouma.
		Kong Le found support from the Soviets, who assisted him in defeating Gen. Phoumi Nosavan's countercoup forces at the capitol city of Vientiane in December 1960.
		Although Gen. Nosavan and Groupement 12 of the new Forces Armees de Laos continued to give chase to Kong Le and his troops, they were not successful in regaining the Plain of Jars.
	www.pownetwork.org /bios/m/m162.htm (1121 words)

	The New York Review of Books: A Special Supplement: A Visit to Laos
		One of them pointed to a large monument in the center of Vientiane referred to as the "vertical runway" because it was built by dictator Phoumi Nosavan with materials that were meant to be used for improving the Vientiane airport.
		In December, 1959, he was overthrown by the CIA favorite, Phoumi Nosavan, a Lao equivalent to the military dictator of Thailand (his cousin, as it happens), who was also receiving substantial US support.
		Although the coup government did not last, Phoumi retained his powerful position as Minister of National Defense, thus controlling most of the budget; and the extreme right won the ridiculous 1960 elections which were so crudely rigged by the CIA and its favorites that even conservative pro-US observers were appalled.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/10894 (14214 words)

	A Legend in His Own Mind
		Phoumi Nosavan, himself a Laotian scumbag of major proportions.
		Phoumi, although a former deputy premier of Laos, was shady to the extreme.
		Bo thought that he could "rent" troops from Phoumi; Phoumi's "army" was largely a figment.
	www.miafacts.org /gritz_legend.htm (5725 words)

	Laoplanet.net - World War II and After: Page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Franco-Laotian guerrillas, with support from Touby Lyfoung's Hmong, had taken control of the main towns of Xiangkhoang Province at the beginning of September.
		Their hold on Houaphan was much less solid, in spite of efforts on the part of the provincial governor, Phoumi Vongvichit, to prevent the Chinese from entering the province.
		Here, because of its proximity to Vietnam, the revolutionary propaganda spread by the Viet Minh was strong but also pro-Viet Minh rather than pro-Lao Issara.
	laoplanet.net /content/view/180/49/1/3 (778 words)

	Laos
		In 1960, the struggle became three-way as Gen. Phoumi Nosavan, controlling the bulk of the royal army, set up in the south a pro-Western revolutionary government headed by Prince Boun Oum.
		General Phoumi took Vientiane in December, driving Souvanna Phouma into exile in Cambodia.
		In 1961, a cease-fire was arranged and the three princes agreed to a coalition government headed by Souvanna Phouma.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107702.html (922 words)

	Laos - The Pathet Lao
		To lend the resistance the appearance of authority it lacked in reality, a government headed by Souphanouvong was formed at a congress held in Vietnam in August 1950.
		The Democratic Party (Praxathipatay) of Kou Voravong and his brotherin -law Major Phoumi Nosavan won four seats; the National Lao Union (Lao Rouam Samphan) of Bong Souvannavong won three; and seventeen seats went to independents that included Phoui Sananikone and Leuam Insixiengmay.
		Xieng Mao having failed to form a government, Prince Souvanna Phouma headed a government that was invested on November 21.
	countrystudies.us /laos/18.htm (793 words)

	Laos : Secret War Pilots Remembered
		NOTE : T-28's were used as Navy combat trainer airctaft but their slow speed and excellant munitions capasity and delivery made them excellant choices for the jungle wars of Southeast Asia (and elsewhere).
		The Coup failed, so General Phoumi Nosavan and General Siho fled to Thailand to secure safe political asylum for themselves and their respective families.
		A plan of salvation was developed with Phoumi Nosavan, Colonel Bounleut Saykosi (Bounleuth Saycocie).
	www.angelfire.com /in/Laos/Pilots.html (2456 words)

	BISCHOFF, JOHN MALCOLM Compiled by Task Force Omega Inc
		Phoumi Nosavan's countercoup forces at the capitol city of Vientiane in December 1960.
		Pathet Lao troops were airlifted by the Soviets to take the Plaine des Jarres region in March 1961.
		Although Gen. Nosavan and Groupement 12 of the new Forces Armees de Laos continued to chase Kong Le and his troops, they were not successful in regaining the Plaine des Jarres.
	www.taskforceomegainc.org /b390.html (1192 words)

	Kingdom of Laos
		Kong Le carries out successful Neutralist coup d'état against rightist government of Prince Somsanith; General Phoumi Nosavan forms countercoup committee in Savannakhét and declares martial law; Kong Le hands over power to Souvanna Phouma's third government.
		Phoumi Nosavan captures Vientiane; Soviet airlift begins to Kong Le and Pathet Lao troops.
		Souvanna Phouma government recognized by communist bloc; Prince Boun Oum's Vientiane government recognized by West; heavy fighting breaks out; North Vietnamese troops involved.
	www.ocf.berkeley.edu /~kongsab/h_kingdomoflaos.htm (491 words)

	Invaders for Covert Operations in Laos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Under the terms of the 1954 Geneva Accords, the Southeast Asian nation of Laos was supposed to remain neutral and all foreign forces were to leave the country.
		However, the country soon fell into chaos, with the Communist Pathet Lao, the Royalist forces of General Phoumi Nosavan, the neutralists under Prince Souvanna Phouma, and the Meo guerillas under Lieutenant Colonel Vang Pao all vying for control.
		The various factions soon became pawns of the Cold War superpowers--the Soviet Union providing aid to the Pathet Lao forces, and the United States supporting the Royalist and Meo forces.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher4/a26_28.html (607 words)

	[No title]
		When neutralist forces were driven from Vientiane and retreated towards the Plain of Jars, a Hmong major named Vang Pao was one of the few Royal Lao Army officers to attempt to block their retreat.
		While Faydang became Vice-President of the Neo Lao Hak Sat, superseding the Neo Lao Issara Front in 1956, Vang Pao was made Major-General in 1964 by Prince Souvanna Phouma and given the command of the Second Military Region in north-eastern Laos.
		After the fall from power of Phoumi Nosavan in an unsuccessful coup against Souvanna in 1963, Touby joined the King's Council, and thereafter spent more and more of his time in Vientiane, away from major Hmong settlements and refugee centres.
	www.stolaf.edu /people/cdr/hmong/hmong-au/hmong82a.htm (7587 words)

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