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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Phoumi Vongvichit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Phoumi Vongvichit (April 6, 1909–;) was a leading figure of the Pathet Lao and an elder statesman of the Lao People's Democratic Republic until his death in 1994.
		Phoumi was nominated both Secretary-General of the Front, and Minister of the Interior and Deputy Prime Minister in the Pathet Lao Resistance government that the Front established in opposition to the Royal Lao government in Vientiane.
		In the supplementary elections of May 1958, Phoumi was elected to the National Assembly to serve as a deputy for Luang Prabang.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Phoumi-Vongvichit (978 words)

	Phoumi Vongvichit Encyclopedie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Phoumi Vongvichit(Xhieng Khuang, 6 april 1909-1994) was een Laotiaans communistisch staatsman.
		Phoumi Vongvichit volgde een opleiding aan een koloniale hogeschool en was daarna burgemeester van Xhieng Khuang (1939) en van Vientianne (1940-1945).
		Phoumi Vongvichit was minister van Religie en Schone Kunsten in de Eerste Coalitieregering.
	www.encyclopedie.ws /Phoumi_Vongvichit (396 words)

	Phoumi Vongvichit - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Phoumi Vongvichit was a leading figure of the Pathet Lao and an elder statesman of the Lao People's Democratic Republic until his death in 1994.
		After the Battle of Vientiane[?] in December 1960 and the subsequent retreat of Neutralist forces to the Plain of Jars, Phoumi was instrumental in arranging for Pathet Lao-Neutralist collaboration.
		After formation of the Lao People's Democratic Republic in December 1975, Phoumi was named Second Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education, Sport and Religious Affairs.In the reorganization that followed the Third Congress of the LPRP in 1982, Phoumi became a member of the Inner Cabinet with overall responsibility for education, information and culture.
	www.glasglow.com /E2/ph/Phoumi_Vongvichit.html (818 words)

	Laos - HISTORY
		A new government with Souvanna Phouma as prime minister and Phoumi as deputy prime minister and minister of interior was sworn in on August 31.
		Phoumi made no move to organize his paratroop drop on Vientiane, in spite of the considerable means at his disposal.
		Phoumi finally had to be disabused of the notion that he could count on unqualified United States and Thai support.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/laos/HISTORY.html (18340 words)

	Phoumi Vongvichit
		Phoumi Vongvichit was born on 6 April 1909 at Xieng Khouang, the son of a civil servant in the French administration.
		It was as a Lao nationalist that Phoumi Vongvichit turned to Buddhism as a source of Lao cultural values - just as Kaysone turned to Buddhism for personal consolation in the last year of his life.
		He was the first member of the Politburo regularly to attend Buddhist ceremonies in the early years of the regime, and he would have pleased to hear himself praised in the eulogy in his honour for having "made an important contribution to the preservation of the faith in Buddhism".
	home.vicnet.net.au /~lao/laostudy/phoumi.htm (1955 words)

	Docs 310-329
		Phoumi refuses to cede Defense and Interior to Souvanna; he continues doubtful that Souvanna is independent enough of the PL to administer a neutral government.
		Phoumi appears convinced that U.S. withholding of aid is temporary and that it will flow again as soon as the U.S. realizes he alone is on their side.
		Phoumi has recently indicated that his policy has been to encourage Souvanna to abandon his mission in the hope that we would come to Phoumi's support if Souvanna were eliminated from the scene.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/frus/kennedyjf/53977.htm (13716 words)

	[No title]
		Phoumi Vongvichit was born on 06 April 1909 at Xieng Khouang, the son of a civil servant in the French administration.
		It was as a Lao nationalist that Phoumi Vongvichit turned to Buddhism as a source of Lao cultural values — just as Kaysone turned to Buddhism for personal consolation in the last year of his life.
		He was the first member of the Politburo regularly to attend Buddhist ceremonies in the early years of the regime, and he would have pleased to hear himself praised in the eulogy in his honor for having "made an important contribution to the preservation of the faith in Buddhism".
	h42day.0catch.com /history/h4apr/h4apr06.html (8829 words)

	Phoumi Vongvichit - Wikipedia
		Phoumi Vongvichit(Xhieng Khuang, 6 april 1909-1994) was een Laotiaans communistisch staatsman.
		Phoumi Vongvichit volgde een opleiding aan een koloniale hogeschool en was daarna burgemeester van Xhieng Khuang (1939) en van Vientianne (1940-1945).
		Phoumi Vongvichit was minister van Religie en Schone Kunsten in de Eerste Coalitieregering.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phoumi_Vongvichit (366 words)

	Docs 388-411
		Phoumi agreed entirely and stated if Souvanna and Souphanouvong agreed to the Trioka principle for Defense and Interior and maintenance of forces pending an agreement on integration, there would be no problem.
		Phoumi said he did not plan to raise question of Nam Tha as any kind of condition to formation of a govt.
		We have told Phoumi and the world that we were withdrawing aid because he was not cooperating in the formation of a coalition government.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/frus/kennedyjf/53991.htm (16810 words)

	Phoumi Vongvichit
		Phoumi Vongvichit was a leading figure of the Pathet Lao and an elder statesman of the Lao People's Democratic Republic until his death in 1994.
		The following month, Phoumi cooperated with Free French forces when they briefly seized the town of Sam Neua[?], but subsequently he joined the Lao Issara[?] movement and worked closely with the Viet Minh to oppose the return of French authority in Indochina.
		After formation of the Lao People's Democratic Republic in December 1975, Phoumi was named Second Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education, Sport and Religious Affairs.In the reorganization that followed the Third Congress of the LPRP in 1982, Phoumi became a member of the Inner Cabinet with overall responsibility for education, information and culture.
	www.mik.fastload.org /ph/Phoumi_Vongvichit.html (857 words)

	The Problem of Neutrality
		Phoumi was not popular with his contemporaries in the army, who suspected his past association with the left, and he was not given the influential military post to which he is believed to have aspired.
		Phoumi, gathering into his hands the commercial interests of Katay, and possessing in full measure the confidence of the United States, clearly intended to rule.
		One of Phoumi's first decisions was to have been to press on with the public trial of Prince Souphanouvong, which had been deferred on the advice of Mr.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/laorevolution/problem_of_neutrality.htm (11393 words)

	Laos the Pathet Lao
		To lend the resistance the appearance of authority it lacked in reality, a government headed by Souphanouvong was formed at a congress held in Vietnam in August 1950.
		In elections to the National Assembly held on August 26, 1951, the National Progressive Party (Phak Xat Kao Na) formed by the returned Lao Issara ministers, Xieng Mao, Souvanna Phouma, and Katay Don Sasorith, won fifteen of thirty-nine seats.
		The Democratic Party (Praxathipatay) of Kou Voravong and his brotherin -law Major Phoumi Nosavan won four seats; the National Lao Union (Lao Rouam Samphan) of Bong Souvannavong won three; and seventeen seats went to independents that included Phoui Sananikone and Leuam Insixiengmay.
	www.country-studies.com /laos/the-pathet-lao.html (793 words)

	Laos - Protracted Diplomacy
		At the reconvened Geneva Conference, the Neutralists were represented by Quinim, the rightists by Phoui Sananikone, and the Pathet Lao by Phoumi Vongvichit.
		Averell Harriman, the intermediary, and a United States delegation held a tense and acrimonious meeting with Phoumi and his cabinet at the general's office in Vientiane.
		When the North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao attacked, camouflaging their violation of the cease-fire with the usual propaganda about mutinies in the opposing ranks, the defenders fled toward the Mekong, leaving most of their weapons behind.
	countrystudies.us /laos/32.htm (475 words)

	Phoumi Vongvichit Information
		Phoumi Vongvichit (April 6 1909–1994) was a leading figure of the Pathet Lao and an elder statesman of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
		The following month, Phoumi cooperated with Free French forces when they briefly seized the town of Sam Neua, but subsequently he joined the anti-colonialist Lao Issara movement and worked closely with the Viet Minh to oppose the return of French authority in Indochina.
		View a list of authors or edit this article.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Phoumi_Vongvichit (827 words)

	AbeBooks: Search Results - Phoumi
		Phoumi embodied for Henry all the mysteries of the ancient cat cults.
		Then one morning Phoumi opened her mouth and spoke and Henry's illusions were shattered one by one--.
		Phoumi Book Sales ISBN 0396080081 Date: November, 1981 Some copies may be retired library books with marks or highlighting.
	www.abebooks.co.uk /search/sortby/3/kn/Phoumi (1038 words)

	Noam Chomsky
		In December, 1959, he was overthrown by the CIA favorite, Phoumi Nosavan, a Lao equivalent to the military dictator of Thailand (his cousin, as it happens), who was also receiving substantial US support.
		Although the coup government did not last, Phoumi retained his powerful position as Minister of National Defense, thus controlling most of the budget; and the extreme right won the ridiculous 1960 elections which were so crudely rigged by the CIA and its favorites that even conservative pro-US observers were appalled.
		Vongvichit estimates that there were 600 by 1968, and reports that their activities were confirmed by an ICC investigation in December, 1962.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/laorevolution/noam_chomsky.htm (16762 words)

	[No title]
		Kong Le and the neutralist government, again under Souvanna Phouma, were driven from Vientiane later in the year by rightist forces under Gen. Phoumi Nosovan and then formed an alliance with the LPF.
		Since his stroke in late 1986, most of his duties have been taken over by acting president Phoumi Vongvichit.
		Principal Government Officials Chairman, Council of Ministers-Kaysone Phomvihan Acting President-Phoumi Vongvichit [since October 1986] Charge d'Affaires in Washington-Linthong Phetsavan Permanent Representative to the United Nations-Saly Khamsy Laos maintains an embassy in the United States at 2222 S St., NW, Washington, DC 20009 [tel.
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/backgroundnotes/laos.txt (2352 words)

	Phoumi Vongvichit, 84, Is Dead; Laotian Was Lifelong Communist - Free Preview - The New York Times
		Phoumi Vongvichit, 84, Is Dead; Laotian Was Lifelong Communist - Free Preview - The New York Times
		Phoumi Vongvichit, 84, Is Dead; Laotian Was Lifelong Communist
		DISPLAYING ABSTRACT - Phoumi Vongvichit, a Communist leader who helped guide Laos on its route from colonial rule to independence as a Communist state, died on Friday.
	select.nytimes.com /gst/abstract.html?res=FA0712FA39550C718DDDA80894DC494D81 (129 words)

	Interview with Philip R. Mayhew
		Phoumi had retaken the capital, and we were supporting him, but there was a neutralist faction, and a communist faction.
		Phoumi had one of the softest and least audible voices I have ever heard, or tried to take notes on.
		Phoumi had hard liners on his side who thought they could take care of the situation militarily.
	memory.loc.gov /master/mss/mssmisc/mfdip/2004/2004may01.sgm (23184 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the 1957 Vientiane Agreement, a coalition government was established but it soon collapsed and in 1960 a third, right-wing force emerged when General Phoumi Nosavan overthrew Souvanna with the backing of the royal army and set up a pro-Western government headed by Prince Boun Gum.
		In 1986, Phoumi Vongvichit became acting president as Souphanouvong's health failed.
		Multi-party elections, the first since 1975, were held in 1989 with the communists retaining political control.
	www.gaminggeeks.org /Resources/KateMonk/Orient/Indochina/Laos.htm (646 words)

	Souphanouvong Summary
		Nicknamed "The Red Prince," he became the figurehead leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and upon its successful seizure of power, became the first president of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
		After 1986, Phoumi Vongvichit was acting president, and when strongman Kaysone Phomvihane decided to establish an executive presidency in 1991, Souphanouvong was relieved of even an inactive-figurehead role.
		He is said to have been the most talented of Bounkhong's sons, mastering eight languages, including Greek and Latin.
	www.bookrags.com /Souphanouvong (481 words)

	The Xat Lao Journal
		The political leaders of Laos have few means to resist the Thai penetration but some of the elders give voice to their concern about decadent cultural influences and aggressive exploitative investors.
		Phoumi Vongvichit, however, the main advocate of such concerns, died in 1994.
		The Thai government and King have become increasingly aware of the need to improve Thailand's image.
	www.ocf.berkeley.edu /~kongsab/journal.htm (1365 words)

	Laos
		Prince Souphanouvong, the leader of the Pathet Lao and half-brother of Prince Phouma, became the first president of the republic.
		Phoumi Vongvichit(1909-1994),interim president of Laos who replaced Prince Souphanouvong in 1986.
		In 1986 Prince Souphanouvong resigned and was replaced by interim president Phoumi Vongvichit.
	www.geocities.com /vangrhino/laos.html (1482 words)

	Hmong Means Free
		Phoumi's coup was legitimated by rigged elections the following April.
		To mollify Phoumi Nosavan, the king asked him to become the deputy prime minister as well as minister of the interior.
		The first was among thc thrce Laotian factions - the rightists led by General Phoumi and Prince Boun Oum, the centrists led by Prince Souvanna Phouma, and the leftists led by Prince Souphanouvong, which occurred in Zurich and at various locations in Asia.
	www.hmongnet.org /publications/hmf-intro.html (18691 words)

	THE POLITICS OF RITUAL AND REMEMBRANCE
		Thus, Phoumi Vongvichit, was compelled in late December to respond to "rumours spread by the enemy that we had dismissed the King...Realising that the monarchy had blocked the progress of the country, the King abdicated and turned over power to the people.
		In a ceremony presided over by none other than Phoumi Vongvichit, the palace along with its relics, including the Prabang, were "donated" to the state as a museum and Sisavang Vatthana moved into Hong Xieng Thong, his private residence beside the royal Vat Xieng Thong.
		Three days later, Phoumi Vongvichit arrived to explain to these same officials that the ex-king would stay in Houaphan until he had been 're-educated".
	www.laosnet.org /fa-ngum/ewans.htm (8187 words)

	[No title]
		In 1989, the late Sali Vongkhamsao, a member of the LPRP Politburo, reportedly invited him to a meeting at which he replied on Kaysone Phomvihan's behalf that his efforts to talk to the party leader were "pointless" and that he should keep quiet.
		Later that year, however, the then Acting LPDR President Phoumi Vongvichit, now retired, reportedly invited him to a meeting at which he praised Latsami Khamphoui not only for his courage and patriotism, but also for his "openness".
		Feng Sackchittaphong was born on 2 August 1940 in Khong, southern Laos.
	www.amnestyusa.org /news/document.do?id=4F39B16B9727DA08802569A60060156C (1517 words)

	Souphanouvong - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicknamed "The Red Prince," he became the figurehead leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and upon its successful seizure of power, became the first president of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
		After 1986, Phoumi Vongvichit was acting president, and when strongman Kaysone Phomvihane decided to establish an executive presidency in 1991, Souphanouvong was relieved of even an inactive-figurehead role.
		He is said to have been the most talented of Bounkhong's sons, mastering eight languages, including Greek and Latin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Souphanouvong (276 words)

	Laos: Modern Lao literature since 1975
		After 1975 established authors such as Outhine Bounyavong, Dara Viravongs, Pakian Viravongs, Douangdeuane Viravongs and Seree Nilamay resumed their literary activities alongside revolutionary writers such as Phoumi Vongvichit, Souvanthone Bouphanouvong, Chanthy Deuansavanh, Khamlieng Phonsena and Theap Vongpakay.
		Phoumi Vongvichit was appointed Acting President of the Lao PDR from 1986 to 1991 after Prince Souphannouvong was forced to step down from the Presidency for reasons of health.
		Phoumi is now perhaps best remembered for his Lao Grammar (1967), published in the revolutionary heartland of Houaphanh Province.
	www.culturalprofiles.org.uk /laos/Directories/Laos_Cultural_Profile/-962.html (900 words)

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