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Topic: Phraates II of Parthia

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	Parthia - LoveToKnow 1911
		Parthia became a province of the Achaemenian and then of the Macedonian Empire.
		Here Arsaces and his brother Tiridates are derived from the royal house of the Achaemenids, probably from Artaxerxes II.; the young Tiridates is insulted by the prefect Agathocles or Pherecles; in revenge the brothers with five companions (corresponding to the seven Persians of Darius) slay him, and Arsaces becomes king.
		But Seleucus was soon recalled by a rebellion in Syria, and Arsaces returned victorious to Parthia; " the day of this victory is celebrated by the Parthians as the beginning of their independence " (Justin xli.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Parthia (1192 words)

	Mithridates I of Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the son of Phriapatius of Parthia (191–176 BC), King of Parthia (died c.
		Mithradates I resumed the striking of coins, which had been suspended ever since Arsaces II of Parthia (211–191 BC) had been forced to submit to the Seleucid Antiochus III (223–187 BC) in 206 BC.
		Mithridates I's son, Phraates II of Parthia (138–128 BC), succeeded him on his death as King.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Parthia (332 words)

	Parthia: History
		Artabanus I succeeded Phraates II and was able to divert the tide of nomad invasion south and eastwards, although he, too, was killed in battle with the Saka.
		Musa's son by Phraates, Phraates V (Phraatakes), was helped to the throne by his mother in yet another fratricidal murder, which resulted in interesting coins depicting Phraatakes' portrait on one side and Musa's on the other.
		Artabanus II was a Parthian's Parthian, having been brought up among the Dahae, and after an initial defeat, celebrated by Vonones on his coins, Artabanus succeeded in capturing the throne, still dressed in rags as a nomadic Scythian.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/phisfm.htm (2182 words)

	Phraates III of Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coin of Phraates III from the mint at Ecbatana.
		King Phraates III of Parthia (named "the God" on some of his coins), succeeded his father Sanatruces and ruled the Parthian Empire from 70 to 57 BC.
		Naturally, Phraates declined to assist Mithradates VI of Pontus and Tigranes against the Romans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phraates_III_of_Parthia (262 words)

	Phraates II (c. 138 - 127 B.C.)
		Sixth king of the Arsacid dynasty, Phraates II took the throne on the death of his father, Mithradates I in 138 B.C. He can be assumed to have been very young, for his mother, whose name was Ri-'nu, acted as regent.
		Phraates held Demetrius captive as had his father, and eventually sent him to fight against Demetrius' brother, Antiochus VII Sidetes, in 130 B.C., who sought to regain the eastern Seleucid provinces and remove Demetrius as a threat to his throne.
		Phraates' army contained captured Greeks whom he treated with great cruelty; they deserted the Parthians in battle in 128/127 B.C., causing a massacre in which Phraates II was killed.
	www.parthia.com /phraates2.htm (1857 words)

	Phraates II of Parthia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Coin of Phraates II from the mint at Seleucia on the Tigris.
		Phraates II of Parthia, son of Mithradates I of Parthia (171–138 BC), the conqueror of Babylon, ruled the Parthian Empire from 138 BC to 128 BC.
		Phraates II marched against them, but was defeated and killed.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Phraates_II_of_Parthia (241 words)

	Parthia information - Search.com
		Parthia (mostly due to their invention of heavy cavalry) was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east; and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		In 41 BCE Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria, Cilicia, and Caria and attacked Phrygia in Asia Minor.
		A bust from The National Museum of Iran of Queen Musa, wife of Phraates IV of Parthia, excavated by a French team in Khuzestan, Iran in 1939.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Parthia (2997 words)

	Orodes II of Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Orodes II of Parthia (also called Hyrodes) ruled the Parthian Empire from 57 to 38 BC.
		He was the son of Phraates III, whom he murdered in 57 BC, assisted by his brother Mithridates.
		Orodes, who was deeply afflicted by the death of his gallant son, appointed his son Phraates IV successor, but was soon afterwards killed by him.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orodes_II_of_Parthia (400 words)

	Brief History of Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During its existence Parthia had mostly hostile relations with Rome in the west and it had to fight off the Sakas and the Ephthalites in the east.
		Parthia and Armenia (the latter had separated from the Seleucid Empire ca190) both claimed the territory of Azerbaijan, called Atropatene, which became a semi-autonomous dependency of Parthia.
		A counter-attack by the Seleucid Demetrius II was repelled and the Seleucid king was captured.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /history/p/Parthia_brief.htm (748 words)

	Parthia
		Parthia was led by the Arsacid dynasty, who reunited and ruled over the Iranian plateau, taking over the eastern provinces of the Greek Seleucid Empire, beginning in the late 3rd century BC, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 150 BC and 224 AD.
		Parthia (mostly due to their invention of heavy cavalry) was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east; and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (eastern Anatolia).
		Parthia (a region in north-east of modern Iran and the Greater Khorasan, including southern part of what is today known as Turkmenistan) and was the official language of the Parthian Empire under the Arsacid Dynasty (248 BC - 224 AD).
	en.filepoint.de /info/Parthia (3535 words)

	PARTHIA - NumisWiki, The Collaborative Numismatics Project
		This drachm of Mithridates II (c123-88 BC) shows the more naturalistic 'early' style; it's obviously not completely naturalistic, with the bull neck and stylised eye, but the face is recognisable as that of an individual.
		Parthia, a region of Asia, whose inhabitants were called Parthi, ortiginally the most inveterate enemies of the Roman name, and who, under their King Orodes, having laid a snare for Crassus, into which that unfortunate gerneral fell, detroyed him and his whole army in one general slaughter.
		Sometime afterwards Orodes was murdered by his son Phraates, who took possession of the kingdom, and gained a decisive victory over Antony the triumvir; but having treated his subjects with great cruelty and oppression, they drove him from the throne, and elected Tyridates as sovereign.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /numiswiki/view.asp?key=PARTHIA (1461 words)

	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		In the confusion, Parthia was overrun by the Parni, a nomad tribe from the Central-Asian steppe.
		The Parthian kings -Arsaces I, Arsaces II, Phriapathus, Phraates I- recognized the Seleucid king as their superiors, especially after the campaign of Antiochus III the Great, who reconquered the lost eastern territories between 209 and 204 BCE.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Parthia
		Parthia Region in ancient Persia, corresponding approximately to the modern Iranian province of Khurasan, with part of s Turkmenistan.
		Parthia An ancient Asian kingdom to the south-east of the Caspian Sea, which from c.
		For a time the capital of the kingdom of Parthia, it was located at the southern foot of the eastern Elburz Mountains.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Parthia&StartAt=1 (754 words)

	Media, Persia, Parthia, & Iran
		The peace that was then hastily made by the Emperor Jovian advanced the Persian frontier and gave the Sassanids the upper hand over Armenia, which by 428 had become a Persian province.
		The brilliant counter-invasion of Iran, from 623-628, by the Emperor Heraclius, however, undid all of this and resulted in the overthrown of Khusro and a period of anarchy.
		In World War II Iranian neutrality, and what may have been Rez.â's sympathy for Germany, led to the Russians and British occupying the country and deposing the Shâh.
	www.friesian.com /iran.htm (2871 words)

	A Roman description of the Parthians from Justin's History of the World - (CAIS) ©
		Phraates himself, meanwhile, took with him to the war a body of Greeks, who had been made prisoners in the war against Antiochus, and whom he had treated with great pride and severity.
		But the fate of Parthia, in which it is now, as it were, customary that the princes should be assassins of their kindred, ordained that the most cruel of them all, Phraates by name, should be fixed upon for their king.
		Phraates, upon this success, becoming still more insolent, and being guilty of many fresh acts of cruelty, was driven into exile by his subjects.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/ashkanian/justin_history_parthian.htm (2620 words)

	Parthian Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phraates III is the 13th King of Parthia of the House of Arsaces.
		Mithradates' son Phraates II wrested Margiana from the Bactrians and defeated and killed Antiochus VII (brother of the prisoner Demetrius II).
		Phraates was slain in battle against the Scythians in 128 BC and was succeeded by his elderly paternal uncle Artabanus II who himself was killed in battle after a reign of five years.
	www.donaldhs.vic.edu.au /home/spotter/Parthian_Empire.html (1951 words)

	139-129. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		However, after several victories over Phraates II of Parthia, he was finally crushed and killed at Ecbatana (129).
		Demetrius II was sent back to Syria by Phraates II in 129 and was slain in 125 by a pretender.
		Antiochus XIII, son of Antiochus X, was installed at Antioch (68) and soon had to fight with Philip II, son of Philip I. The Arabian prince of Emesa slew Antiochus XIII by treachery in 67; Philip was unable to secure his rule.
	www.bartleby.com /67/215.html (449 words)

	History
		Phraates III appears to have consolidated control in the years around and following 70 B.C., and Orodes II took firm control c.
		In 53 B.C. Crassus and over 40,000 Roman troops were annihilated by the Parthian forces of Orodes II and the peoples from the Mediterranean to the Indus understood the strength of Parthia.
		The western border between Rome's dominions and Parthia gradually stabilized on the banks of the Euphrates, but war was always a threat and though major campaigns by the Romans were seen in A.D. 116, 161, 195, 217 and 232, Parthia was never conquered.
	parthia.com /parthia_history.htm (1218 words)

	parthians - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		Parthia proper was a small territory to the Southeast of the Caspian Sea, about 300 miles long by 120 wide, a fertile though mountainous region, bordering on the desert tract of Eastern Persia.
		But Phraates fell in conflict with the Scyths, whom he called in to aid him in his war with Sidetes, and his successor likewise, and it was only on the accession of Mithridates in 124 BC that these barbarians were checked.
		It revealed Parthia to the world as the formidable rival of Rome, which she continued to be for nearly 3 centuries.
	www.studylight.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?word=PARTHIANS&action=Lookup&search.x=25&search.y=7 (1627 words)

	Parthia: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		In 140 BC the nomads of Parthia in the east captured the city, which was then passed backwards and forwards between the Romans and the Sassanians, another...
		PARTHIA par the, ancient country of Asia, SE of the Caspian...empire of Alexander the Great, and the Syrian empire.
		PHRAATES fra a tez, kings of Parthia of the dynasty of Arsaces.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/parthia.jsp (1530 words)

	danrogers - pafg1055 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		King Phraates III Theos of Parthia [Parents] was born in 120 BC.
		King Phraates I of Parthia was born in 195 BC.
		King Phraates II of Parthia [Parents] was born in 150 BC.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~dantrogers/pafg1055.htm (334 words)

	Parthia - The Ancient Empire
		Parthia was the largest of the four empire nations that did not come under the power of, or become part of the extensive Roman Empire.
		Given the fact that II Kings 17:6 records that the Assyrian conquerors of old Israel had transported Israelite captives to the “cities of the Medes,” it is not surprising that we later find a city of the Medes bearing a Palestinian name.
		Parthia was a monarchy with the beginnings of a bicameral government and its own “Independence Day.” It offered “home rule” to many of its cities, and ruled its subjects in a far more benevolent manner than did Rome.
	www.parthia-aramaic.org (13278 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Phraates II of Parthia
		King Phraates II of Parthia, son of Mithridates, the conqueror of Babylon, ruled the Parthian Empire from 138–127 BC.
		Meanwhile Parthia was invaded by the Scythians (the Tochari of Bactria), who had helped Antiochus.
		Phraates marched against them, but was defeated and killed.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Phraates_II (256 words)

	Parthia - ZDNet (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Parthia was led by the Arsacid dynasty, who reunited and ruled over the Iranian plateau, taking over the eastern provinces of the Greek Seleucid Empire, beginning in the late 3rd century BC, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 150 BC and 224 AD.
		Parthia (mostly due to their invention of heavy cavalry) was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east; and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		In 53 BC, the Roman general Crassus invaded Parthia, but was defeated at the Battle of Carrhae by a Parthian commander called Surena in the Greek and Latin sources, most likely a member of the Suren-Pahlav Clan.
	www.zdnet.co.za /wiki/Parthia (3370 words)

	SOME COMMENTS ON PARTHIAN HISTORY by Robert M. Harlick (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After the defeat of Seleukos II by the Gauls, Arsakes overthrew the Seleukid governor of Parthia, who had attained independence from the Seleukidae, and established his kingdom.
		Parthia did not spring up full-blown-- in the 7th century the Assyrians raided an area called Parthia, and 100 years later Cyrus the Great included Parthia in the Persian empire.
		His son, Phraates in a struggle with the Seleukid, Antiochus, released Demetrios to cause dynastic problems and that coupled with a revolt of the Medians started a Seleukid decline from which it never recovered.
	ancient-coins.com /articles/parthia/parthia2.htm (851 words)

	Arsacid Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Arsacid Dynasty ruled in Persia, their realm is also called Parthia which included the Iranian plateau and intermittently Mesopotamia, from 253 BC until their overthrow by the Sassanid Dynasty in AD At certain times Arsacid Kings also ruled over Armenia.
		The 1st century BC, with the fall of the last remains of the Hellenistic kingdoms, saw the emergence of what were to be the Parthians' mortal enemies: the Romans and the Kushans, with whom the Parthians were to be engaged in many wars and disputes.
		Mithridates II was also the first Parthian king to enter in contact with the world's other great empires, the Chinese and the Roman: around 110 BC Chinese and Parthians both sent embassies to their respective courts with the object of facilitating commerce with the west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arsacid_dynasty (940 words)

	THE EMPIRE OF ARSACID DYNASTY - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		Mithradates II the Great made Iran back into a world power, and its relations with Rome in the west and China in the east show the importance of the position it occupied in the political and economic life of the contemporary world.
		During the reign of Phraates IV c.37 BCE Antony mounted a major invasion of the territories of the Parthian Empire.
		With the accession of Vologases II CE 148-92 the Iranian retribution began to be exacted from the Romans.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/ashkanian/parthian.htm (2729 words)

	parthian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the 3rd century B.C.E. the Parni, a tribe of the Dahae confederation, occupied the old Achaemenid satrapy of Parthia.
		Arsakes II was forced to submit to Seleucid authority in 209 B.C.E. after the eastern campaign of Antiochus III.
		Parthia remained a major world power until 228 C.E. Most of our current knowledge of the Parthians comes from Greek and Roman historians.
	www.ece.iit.edu /~prh/coins/t/june.rw/parthian.html (345 words)

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