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	Phraortes
		Phraortes (Old Persian Frâda): son of Upadaranma, king of Media (522-521 BCE).
		The immediate cause of Phraortes' rebellion was the death of the Persian king Cambyses in the Spring of 522 and the usurpation of the throne by a Magian named Gaumâta, who did not belong to the Achaemenid dynasty and may have been a Mede by birth.
		Phraortes fled to the Parthians, but he was caught on his way to the religious center of the Magians, Rhagae (modern Tehrân).
	www.livius.org /phr-phz/phraortes/phraortes.htm (446 words)

	Phraortes - LoveToKnow 1911
		PHRAORTES, the Greek form of Fravartish, king of Media.
		From other sources we obtain no information whatever about Phraortes; but the data of the Assyrian inscriptions prove that Assur-banipal (see Babylonia And Assyria), at least during the greater part of his reign, maintained the Assyrian supremacy in Western Asia, and that in 645 he conquered Susa.
		Phraortes), a Mede, rebelled in Media and spoke to the people thus: I am Khshathrita, of the family of Uvakhshatra (Cyaxares)." He reigned for a short time, but was defeated by Hydarnes, and afterwards by Darius himself, taken prisoner in Rhagae (Rai), and executed in Ecbatana (520 B.C.; see inscription of Darius at Behistun).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Phraortes (178 words)

	KEO - POLITICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Phraortes, who was known by that name as a result of the writings of the 5th-century-bc Greek historian Herodotus, was originally a village chief of Kar Kashi, but he later subjugated the Persians and a number of other Asian peoples, eventually forming an anti-Assyrian coalition of Medes and Cimmerians.
		Another Phraortes was a usurper who reigned for a short time in Media during a rebellion against the Achaemenian king Darius I in 522 Bc.
		Darius' rock inscription at Bisitun relates that "a man of the name of Fravartish [i.e., Phraortes], a Mede, rebelled in Media and spoke to the people thus I am Khshathrita, of the family of Uvakhshtra [Cyaxares].' " After a short reign this king was defeated and executed at Ecbatana, the Median capital.
	www.kurdistanica.com /english/politics/personalites/leaders/Phraortes.html (175 words)

	Medes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The kings who established the Mede Empire are generally recognized to be Phraortes and his son Cyaxares.
		In the new empire they retained a prominent position; in honor and war, they stood next to the Persians; their court ceremony was adopted by the new sovereigns, who in the summer months resided in Ecbatana; and many noble Medes were employed as officials, satraps and generals.
		After the assassination of the usurper Smerdis, a Mede Fravartish (Phraortes), claiming to be a scion of Cyaxares, tried to restore the Mede kingdom, but was defeated by the Persian generals and executed in Ecbatana (Darius in the Behistun inscr.).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medes (2213 words)

	PHRAORTES - Online Information article about PHRAORTES
		information whatever about Phraortes; but the data of the See also:
		Smerdis all the Iranian tribes, the Babylonians and the Armenians rebelled against See also:
		Phraortes), a Mede, rebelled in Media and spoke to the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PHRAORTES.html (375 words)

	Iranica.com - MEDIA
		The same author agrees that Xæaƒrita (not Phraortes) was the regnal name, since there was no need for a man who already bore a regnal name to assume another one (Diakonoff, 1956, pp.
		Phraortes overthrew the Assyrian dominance and, as Herodotus (1.102) states, attacked the Persian tribes, and then began to subdue all Asia, one people after another.
		As to Deioces, the father of Phraortes, he was only a chieftain of the Medes, who began to consolidate the unity of the Median tribes (see Herodotus 1.101).
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/ot_grp10/ot_media_20060106.html (7741 words)

	History of Iran: Median Empire
		To judge from the Assyrian sources, no Median kingdom such as Herodotus describes for the reign of Deioces existed in the early 7th century BCE; at best, he is reporting a Median legend of the founding of their kingdom.
		According to Herodotus (History of Herodotus), Deioces was succeeded by his son Phraortes (675-653 BCE), who subjugated the Persians and lost his life in a premature attack against the Assyrians.
		It is possible that Phraortes is this Kashtariti, though the suggestion cannot be proved either historically or linguistically.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/median/median.php (1007 words)

	Darius and the Bisutun Inscription
		To the people thus he said, "I am Khshathrita, of the family of Cyaxares." Thereafter the Median army which (was) in the palace, became rebellious from me, (and) went over to that Phraortes.
		Phraortes, whose story is representative of that of Darius’ other enemies, meets his end as follows:
		" … Phraortes, seized, was led to me. I cut off his nose and ears and tongue, and put out one eye; he was kept bound at my palace entrance, all the people saw him.
	www.visopsys.org /andy/essays/darius-bisitun.html (2212 words)

	Hystaspes (father of Darius the Great) - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the spring, king Darius invaded Media, and on 8 May 521, he defeated Phraortes at a place called Kunduru, which is probably identical to modern Bisotun, where the Behistun inscription can still be seen.
		However, he was caught at Rhagae; Darius mutilated him and had him crucified at Ecbatana.
		Darius had every reason to be grateful to Hystaspes, because Phraortes had been unable to attack him in Babylonia while the stubborn Hystaspes could attack his rear.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Hystaspes1 (994 words)

	Ancient Historians - Materials Wk. 2-2
		His son Phraortes subjugates the Persians, but dies while attempting to overthrow Niniveh, the capital of the Assyrian Empire that had controlled much of this area for centuries.
		Phraortes, son Cyaraxes, does take Niniveh (H promises to tell the story later, but never does), and is then succeeded by Astyages.
		Now the story assumes the familiar shape of folktale: Astyages dreams that his daughter Mandane floods Asia with her urine, and later that a vine growing from her vagina covered Asia; these are interpreted by the Magi to indicate that Mandane's son will rule instead of Astyages.
	bellarmine.lmu.edu /classics/cl230/materialswk2-2.htm (1037 words)

	Herodotus: Book 1: Clio: 100
		Phraortes marched, I say, against these, and was both himself slain, after he had reigned two-and-twenty years, and the greater part of his army was destroyed.
		When Phraortes had brought his life to an end, Kyaxares the son of Phraortes, the son of Deïokes, received the power.
		This king is said to have been yet much more warlike than his forefathers; and he first banded the men of Asia into separate divisions, that is to say, he first arrayed apart from one another the spearmen and the archers and the horsemen, for before that time they were all mingled together without distinction.
	www.sacred-texts.com /cla/hh/hh1100.htm (1561 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Herodotus reports that after Phraortes the Mede subjugated the Persians, he attacked Nineveh and perished with the greater part of his army.
		From this it is clearly evident that the mighty empire of Assyria went into decline as Asshurbanipal advanced in years, while that of the Medes was on the rise.
		These same circumstances led Cyaxares, the son of Phraortes, to avenge the death of his father on the Assyrians; thus, he mustered his forces, defeated the Assyrian army, and besieged the city of Nineveh.
	members.aol.com /gparrishjr/Lydmed.html (835 words)

	Inscription of Dariush the Great at Baghestan
		Ahuramazda bore me aid; by the favor of Ahuramazda that army of Phraortes I smote exceedingly; of the month Adukanaisha 25 days were past, then we fought the battle.
		Thereafter I sent an army in pursuit; Phraortes, seized, was led to me. I cut off his nose and ears and tongue, and put out one eye; he was kept bound at my palace entrance, all the people saw him.
		Afterward I impaled him at Ecbatana; and the men who were his foremost followers, those at Ecbatana within the fortress I (flayed and) hung out (their hides, stuffed with straw).
	www.irantarikh.com /persia/bagestan.htm (4228 words)

	phraortes Home Page - VirtualTourist.com
		Life is short, live it to the max :-)
		» Forum Postings » Comments » Friends » Wish List » phraortes' Meetings » phraortes' Deals
		Check out my homepage for more pictures of my travel journal at www.sauronwebdesign.co.uk/phraortes
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/2be82 (62 words)

	Herodotus - The Histories - Page 104
		Having reigned three-and-fifty years, Deioces was at his death succeeded by his son Phraortes.
		At present they stood alone by the revolt and desertion of their allies, yet still their internal condition was as flourishing as ever.
		Phraortes attacked them, but perished in the expedition with the greater part of his army, after having reigned over the Medes two-and-twenty years.
	www.galileolibrary.com /ebooks/eu04/herodotus_page_104.htm (174 words)

	The Genealogy of the Persian Kings
		According to Herodotus, ASTYAGES was the son of CYAXARES, who was the son of PHRAORTES (II), who was the son of DEIOKES (Bk.
		This TEISPES is to be identified with TEISPES the son of ARCHAEMENES in the Behistun Rock genealogy of DARIUS HYSTASPIS.
		Here wa have the statement of Cyrus that his father was known as CAMBYSES, his grandfather as CYRUS, and his great-grandfather under the name (or title), common to the Behistun Inscription and the Cylinder alike, of TEISPES.
	www.angelfire.com /nv/TheOliveBranch/append57.html (1369 words)

	KING FRAVARTISH (PHRAORTES) - (CAIS) ©
		According to him (1.102), Phraortes was the son of Deioces (q.v.) and united all Median tribes into a single state.
		He also subjugated the Persians and began to conquer other nations of Asia.
		Phraortes is commonly identified with Kashtariti (q.v.), a chieftain in Media, although some scholars consider such an identification doubtful.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/madha/fravartish.htm (120 words)

	History of Herodotus by Herodotus
		This prince, not satisfied with a dominion which did not extend beyond the single nation of the Medes, began by attacking the Persians; and marching an army into their country, brought them under the Median yoke before any other people.
		On the death of Phraortes his son Cyaxares ascended the throne.
		He it was who fought against the Lydians on the occasion when the day was changed suddenly into night, and who brought under his dominion the whole of Asia beyond the Halys.
	www.4literature.net /Herodotus/History_of_Herodotus/15.html (1061 words)

	Phaeo to Pitys * People, Places, & Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		The son of Deiokes (Deioces) and the second king of the Medes; he ruled from 647-625 BCE.
		Phraortes assumed the kingship when his father died in 647 BCE and successfully expanded his father’s humble empire eastward towards the Persians and the Assyrians; he subdued the Persians but was killed during his assault on the Assyrians; he died in 625 BCE and was succeeded by his son, Kyaxares (Cyaxares).
		Helle and Phrixus were the children of king Athamas of Orkhomenos (Orchomenos) and his nymph-wife, Nephele (Cloud).
	www.messagenet.com /myths/ppt/_p1003.html (3607 words)

	Medes - ApologeticsWiki
		Herodotus says that Deiokes was succeeded by Phraortes (Fravartish) his son, Phraortes by his son Kyaxares; and the latter in turn left his kingdom to his son Astyages whose daughter Mandane married Cambyses, father of the great Cyrus.
		Yet there was no Median empire (such as he describes) then, or at least it did not embrace all the Aryan tribes of Western Asia, as we see from the inscriptions that in 606 BC, and even later, many of them were under kings and princes of their own (compare Jeremiah 25:25; 51:11).
		Under Darius I, Phraortes (Fravartish) rebelled, claiming the throne of Media as a descendant of Kyaxares.
	www.apologeticswiki.com /index.php?title=Medes (938 words)

	Media - Medes - Crystalinks
		By 612 BC their strength had grown to the point where under the leadership of King Cyaxares (625-585 BC.)they launched a successful attack against the Assyrian capital of Nineveh.
		According to the 5th Century BC Greek historian Herodotus, Cyaxares renewed the war with the Assyrians after his father, Phraortes, had been slain in battle.
		While besieging Nineveh, he was attacked and defeated by a great army of Scythians, who then ruled Media until their chiefs were slain by Cyaxares at a banquet.
	www.crystalinks.com /media.html (528 words)

	Biographies: Darius the Great :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		This proved to be a wise decision on Darius’ part as Hydranes was able to keep his position in the pass against furious assaults by Phraortes and Vahyazdata.
		At a place called Kunduru Darius defeated Phraortes decisively and when Phraortes tried to escape after the battle he was quickly caught and killed.
		A relative of Phraortes tried to carry on the fight from Sagartia, but he was captured and killed by a Median officer that served Darius.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=7237 (2938 words)

	The genealogy of the PERSIAN KINGS.
		This TEISPES is to be identified with TEISPES the son of ACHÆMENES in the Behistun Rock genealogy of DARIUS HYSTASPIS.
		The ACHÆMENES of DARIUS, identified with the DEIOKES of Herodotus (I. 96), was the real founder of the Achæmenian dynasty of which Darius speaks, although his father (PHRAORTES I) was the first of the line.
		Moreover, it the TEISPES of the Behistun Inscription and the one of the Cylinder of Cyrus are to be identified with the PHRAORTES (II) of Herodotus (I. 73), then the grandson of this PHRAORTES (II) must be ASTYAGES.
	hammer.prohosting.com /~eyes2see/57.html (1350 words)

	d. The Medes and the Persians. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Dahyauka mentioned in Assyrian sources as a Median chieftain around 715 might be Deioces, who Herodotus says founded the Median dynasty.
		Sennacherib (705–682) made the Medes tributary in 701, but a revolt broke out in 674 under Khshathrita (possibly Herodotus's Phraortes), who ruled an independent Media for some time.
		After a period of Scythian domination, Cyaxares (Huvakhshtara, 624–585) became king of Media and reorganized the army along Assyrian lines.
	www.bartleby.com /67/123.html (402 words)

	The protohistoric period and the kingdom of the Medes
		Phraortes (675–653 BC), who subjugated the Persians and lost his life in a premature attack against the Assyrians.
		Assyrian texts speak of a Kashtariti as the leader of a conglomerate group of Medes, Scythians, Mannaeans, and miscellaneous other local Zagros peoples that seriously threatened the peace of Assyria's eastern borderlands during the reign of Esarhaddon (680–669 BC).
		His dating of this event remains uncertain, but traditionally it is seen as falling between the reigns of Phraortes and Cyaxares and as covering the years 653 to 625 BC.
	www.azargoshnasp.net /history/Medes/MEDESBRITANNICA.htm (1688 words)

	Kohler Bath Sinks - Retail Outlet
		Scrape away residual gasket material and plumber's putty from sink surface using a putty knife (figure c).
		, Phraortes (king of media [ancient persia]) built one of the first known hot tubs.
		Not only does it provide an expansive continuity' to the room, but it also brightens the space and serves as a neutral backdrop for color accents in towels, vases, and bands of decorative tiles.
	www.bathsmart.com /Kohler-Bath-Sinkst.html (284 words)

	Arthropoda - Biologie et Systématique
		Biological and morphological studies on the Phasmidae of Japan.
		Incubation period and hatching of Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki.
		Some analysis on the growth of insects, with special reference to a phasmid, Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki (Orthoptera).
	arthropoda.free.fr /index.php?page=bibphy (161 words)

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