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	Phratry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A phratry (Greek φρατρία, brotherhood, kinfolk, derived from φρατήρ - brother, see also frater) is an anthropological term for a kinship division consisting of two or more distinct clans which are considered a single unit, but which retain separate indentities within the phratry.
		In Athens, enrollment in a phratry seems to have been the basic requirement for citizenship in the state before the reforms of Cleisthenes in 508 BC.
		Phratries contained smaller kin groups called gene; these appear to have arisen later than phratries, and it appears that not all members of phratries belonged to a genos; membership in these smaller groups may have been limited to elites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phratry (339 words)

	Family - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In one instance, that of the Euahlayi tribe of north-west New South Wales, the phratry names are said (by Mrs Langloh Parker) to mean " Light Blood "and " Dark Blood." This, as in the theory of the Rev. J.
		Within Eagle Hawk phratry is one set of totem kins, named usually after various species of animals and plants; within Crow phratry is another set of totem kins, named always (except in one region of Central Australia) after a different set of plants and animals.
		The tendency is for phratries first to lose the meanings of their names, and, next, for their names to lapse into oblivion, as among the Arunta; the work of regulating marriage being done by the opposed Matrimonial Classes.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Family (8325 words)

	Electronic Antiquities Volume II, Number 4
		Lambert believes that (with one exception, to be noted below) it remained the case in the fifth and fourth centuries that every adult male citizen belonged to a phratry: in the fourth century the number of phratries was probably within the range 30-140, and their average membership in the range 1,000-140.
		Wilamowitz thought the Demotionidae were the phratry and the Deceleans a privileged genos within it; Wade-Gery, as modified by Andrewes, that the Deceleans were the phratry and the Demotionidae a privileged genos within it.
		However, there is much less evidence for phratry activity than for deme activity, and the religious observances of phratries do not display the local particularism which is characteristic of the religious observances of demes: instead the phratries concentrated on Zeus Phratrios, Athena Phratria and Apollo Patroos.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /ejournals/ElAnt/V2N4/rhodes.html (955 words)

	Chapter 4 - The Greek Gens \| libcom.org
		The phratry might be absent, as among the Dorians, and the confederacy of tribes was not necessarily fully developed everywhere as yet; but in every case the gens was the unit.
		Similarly, all the phratries of a tribe held regularly recurring religious festivals in common, at which a leader of the tribe (phylobasileus), elected from the nobility (Eupatridai), officiated.
		The whole gens was incorporated within the phratry, and the whole phratry within the tribe; but the family belonged half to the gens of the man and half to the gens of the woman.
	libcom.org /library/origin-family-private-property-engels-four (2518 words)

	Ancient Society by Lewis H. Morgan 1877
		The phratry has been shown to have appeared among the American aborigines in the Lower Status of barbarism; while the Greeks were familiar with so much only of their former history as pertained to the Upper Status of barbarism.
		However, the extension of the obligation from the gens to the phratry implies a common lineage of all the gentes in a phratry.
		Since the phratry was intermediate between the gens and the tribe, and not invested with governmental functions, it was less fundamental and less important than either of the others; but it was a common, natural and perhaps necessary stage of re-integration between the two.
	marxists.org /reference/archive/morgan-lewis/ancient-society/ch12.htm (6078 words)

	Lenape - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phratry membership was matrilineal; that is, a child inherited membership in a phratry from his or her mother.
		On reaching adulthood, a Lenape traditionally married outside of his or her phratry, a practice known by ethnographers as "exogamy", which effectively served to prevent inbreeding even among individuals whose kinship was obscure or unknown.
		Phratries lived in fixed settlements, using the surrounding areas for communal hunting and planting until the land was exhausted, at which point the group moved on to find a new settlement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Delawares (1654 words)

	Shawnee Clans
		Given that closely related groups such as the Kickapoo and Sauk and Fox had gentes like Tree, Water, Thunderer, and the like, and further that names of prominent Shawnee exist for the 17th century with such names (Cornstalk, Flying Cloud, etc.) it seems reasonable to conclude that these were a fatality of the transitional period.
		The early development of phratries can be seen in Gatschet's pairing of 1) Fish-Turtle and 2) Loon-Owl as the "grandfathers" of the tribe who migrated across the ocean in a fog.
		It should be noted that Thomas Wildcat Alford (then 73) was one of the specific informants mentioned as sources for the data in "Shawnee Name Groups." Since their research was in 1933-4, Alford's material probably is in concert with that of CFV and EWV.
	www.shawnee-traditions.com /Clans.html (2792 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Hopi have a definite feeling that the sets of "clan names" in the various phratry groups [groupings of clans into a larger social unit] go together in a logical manner, and they agree pretty well on the groupings, but the "reasons" they give for the groupings are in most cases merely the mythological sanctions.
		The Bear-Spider-Bluebird-Bear's Rope phratry grouping has a mythological sanction in the adventures of various clans with a dead bear; in other accounts the Bear clan was aided by Spider Woman in the emergence from the underworld.
		The Snake-lizard-Sand phratry association is based on a "logical" relationship: the sand or earth is a "mother" who feeds the Hopi by producing crops; the snakes are "messengers" for rain as well as guardians of the springs; lizards likewise bring rain, as well as being associated with love-making.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/glues/tribal_nature.html (1298 words)

	Wyandotte Nation of Oklahoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		All the clans of a phratry bore the relation of brothers to one another, and the clans of one phratry bore the relation of cousins to those of the other phratry.
		Anciently a man of the first phratry was compelled to marry a woman of the second phratry, and vice versa.
		This was because every man of a phratry was supposed to be the brother of every other man in it, and every woman in the phratry was supposed to be his sister.
	www.wyandotte-nation.org /history/misc_articles/clans_names.html (1629 words)

	Jennifer Holmes - Cubeo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Instead, The Cubeo; Indians of the Northwest Amazon is an account of one sib, and presents the group in terms of cultural patterns involving social organization, kinship, marriage, political organization, and the rites of passage inherent in their ancestor cult.
		Typically, sibs from the same phratry are close geographically, often being located on the same river or stream.
		The clearing for the village is typically about 12 acres with the main residence, a long house called a maloca, at the center and always facing the river.
	alpha.webcenter.uab.edu /Front/show.asp?durki=54379 (1171 words)

	Chapter 3 - The Iroquois Gens \| libcom.org
		Closer investigation shows that these phratries generally represent the original gentes into which the tribe first split up; for since marriage was prohibited within the gens, there had to be at least two gentes in any tribe to enable it to exist independently.
		Among the Senecas and most other Indians, the gentes within one phratry are brother gentes to one another, while those in the other phratry are their cousin gentes-terms which in the American system of consanguinity have, as we have seen, a very real and expressive meaning.
		Among the Iroquois, the functions of the phratry are partly social, partly religious.
	libcom.org /library/origin-family-private-property-state-engels-three (4690 words)

	Florilegium
		Both genos and phratry are now acknowledged to have been fictive kinship groups that recruited their members in historical times by agnatic filiation.
		If so, the hypothesis is strengthened that genos and phratry were important associations in archaic Athens which, while not specifically political, yet might have had political significane by virtue of the close relationships that they fostered by their very nature.
		First, he thought, mistakenly, that members of a single genos could be in many different phratries: the gene were notnatural subdivisions of phratries, but clubs and political associations of prominent men throughout Attika that later adopted a myth of common descent and became dominant in various phratries.
	www.uwo.ca /english/florilegium/vol2/walters.html (9246 words)

	Monuments in Cedar: Chapter Five - on www.Alaskool.org
		Thus, in Klukwan, the Kagwanton sept ruled, in Sitka it was the Kiksadi sept, and in Wrangell, the Nanyaayi.
		Under this phratry system, a child took the totem of his mother, that is, was a member of her division, and was required to contract marriage outside that group.
		This was made possible in instances wherein fathers, although of the opposite phratry to their sons, would confer upon them, names and symbols that ordinarily would have gone to a nephew.
	www.alaskool.org /projects/traditionalife/MonumentsInCedar/MIC_five.htm (2224 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In addition, the majority of the relevant literary texts are to be found in the footnotes (and an index locorum is sensibly included), together with translations in the body of the text (even if--as with his translation of Isaios 7.15-17 at p.
		So the answer is no, this is not the absolutely definitive last word on the Athenian phratry; but then no sensible scholar, though he might aim to produce such a work, can seriously expect to attain this aim.
		What this valuable piece of scholarship is, however, is the undoubted first point of reference for any future study of the phratry, and a useful addition to the bibliography on ancient Athens.
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmcr/bmcr-9504-keen-phratries.txt (1015 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When ceremonial gifts for this labor are made, the entire opposite phratry of the village is invited, feasted, and its members given gifts.
		In each of these phratries there were, until recently, over twenty clans, most of which had local divisions in two or more villages.
		There is pairing of clan divisions and house-groups in each village leading to the formation of lineages and classes which cut across the clan and phratry and weaken their solidarity.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Mar_dir/XMarriage.4842 (441 words)

	WIYEHI FORUM - A Bravenet.com Forum
		Turtle phratry (turtle, fish, snake - aquatic creatures and those whose status is ambiguous, such as amphibians and reptiles);
		The overall impression is a consolidation of names to abet ceremonial and practical affairs, but with no phratry organizations (no officials, no bundles, no formal assemblies).
		NOTE: It must be emphasized that membership in a clan did not bestow upon a clan member any sacred power from the group totem.
	pub7.bravenet.com /forum/551007107/fetch/589128 (757 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.04.13
		thesis, though clearly in a considerably different form (the original thesis was entitled The Ionian Phyle and Phratry in Archaic and Classical Athens), seems to be to provide a definitive source of reference on the Attic phratries, one to sit next to such volumes as David Whitehead's work on demes and F. Bourriot's on gene.
		That there is a requirement for such a volume does not need to be argued; the phratry was in danger of becoming neglected in the study of the Athenian state.
		In addition, the majority of the relevant literary texts are to be found in the footnotes (and an index locorum is sensibly included), together with translations in the body of the text (even if -- as with his translation of Isaios 7.15-17 at p.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1995/95.04.13.html (1089 words)

	[No title]
		In the social organization of the Wyandots four groups are recognized--the family, the gens, the phratry, and the tribe.
		There are four phratries in the tribe, the three gentes Bear, Deer, and Striped Turtle constituting the first; the Highland Turtle, Black Turtle, and Smooth Large Turtle the second; the Hawk, Beaver, and Wolf the third, and the Sea Snake and Porcupine the fourth.
		This unit in their organization has a mythologic basis, and is chiefly used for religious purposes, in the preparation of medicines, and in festivals and games.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/6/9/4/16947/16947-0.txt (6454 words)

	Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin History - Clans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the beginning there were three phratries or principal totems.
		As the tribal population increased, eventually two more phratries were added.
		These five main divisions are known as the Bear, the Thunderers (represented by the Golden Eagle), the Crane, the Wolf and the Moose.
	www.menominee-nsn.gov /history/earlyMenominee/clans.asp (337 words)

	Religious Groupings of Ancient Attica
		The phratry is a subdivision of the phule; each phule had 3 phratriai.
		Children were brought to the phratry at ages 3 and 18, and newlyweds would present their wives to the phratry.
		It could mean a smaller subdivision of the phratry, or a small group of estatic initiates into some Dionysian mysteries.
	persephones.250free.com /groups.html (591 words)

	Phratry - Ancient Society by Lewis H. Morgan 1877 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-2.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The phratry might be absent, as among the Dorians, and the confederacy of The whole gens was incorporated within the phratry, and the whole phratry
		The whole gens was incorporated within the phratry, and the whole phratry As among the Americans, the phratry was a mother gens, split up into several
		The phratry, as we have seen, was the second stage of organization in the As such the phratry would be a natural growth, and as such only can it be
	maintain-weight.surferlight.com.cob-web.org:8888 /?q=maintain-weight-phratry (261 words)

	www.myspace.com/phratryrecords
		There is a deep understanding that in order to accomplish anything, both the label and the bands must harbor each others talents and use the limited resources made available to them in order to create and share the music with as many people as possible.
		Phratry Records is eager to share this music with anyone who is willing to listen, anyone to whom this music speaks.
		In a world of too much music, Phratry's been an inspiration to me.
	www.myspace.com /phratryrecords (323 words)

	AAA Native Arts - Keepers of the Council Fire - A Brief History of the Wyandotte Nation
		The social organization of the tribe was divided into the family, the clan or gens, the phratry (a group of related families), and the tribe.
		Each clan within a phratry bore a brother relationship to each other clan in the same phratry.
		All the members of the clans of one phratry were considered to be cousins of the members of the clans of the other phratry.
	www.aaanativearts.com /printout1000.html (5252 words)

	Dum Baal Dum : As the Language Goes So Goes the Culture
		Marriage was always outside the crest (phratry) group within the Tsimshian tribal groups, and the same applied with the other tribes.
		The phratries (not to be confused with Clans) is as follows:
		All marriages were supposed to be between persons of equal rank; the children of a marriage of unequal persons inherited rank no higher than that of the lower-ranked spouse.
	www.dumbaaldum.org /html/history.htm (1024 words)

	Kansas and Kansans Ch. 10 Pt. 2
		The Kansas tribe was organized along the general sociological line of North American Indians.
		It was separated into phratries, gentes or clans, and subgentes.
		There were seven phratries, sixteen gentes or clans, and probably thirty-two subgentes, though the names of twelve of these subgentes have not been preserved.
	skyways.lib.ks.us /genweb/archives/1918ks/v1/ch10p2.html (2637 words)

	William Beynon Papers, American Philosophical Society
		Born to a Welsh father and Niska mother of high status, William Beynon was raised in Victoria, B.C., speaking both Niska and English.
		A member of the Wolf (Laxgibu) phratry, he became an hereditary Tsimshian chief in 1914 upon the death of his maternal uncle, and a year later, began to work with the anthropologist C. Marius Barbeau, collecting narratives and artifacts.
		Understands that there must be several stories about the origins of the four societies (phratries).
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/b/beynon.htm (1777 words)

	CAMWS 2003: Christopher Planeaux
		Orgeones were not, by definition, members of a hereditary thiasoi, yet an orgeon could petition acceptance into a hereditary phratry, and the phratry offered access to Athenian politeia.
		Enrollment in either a deme or phratry or both served as support.
		A law, dating at least to the time of Solon, reveals that an orgeon was entitled to phratry membership.
	www.camws.org /meeting/2003/abstracts2003/planeaux.html (589 words)

	Micah Gould
		A group of demes formed a trittys, three trittyes a tribe, and ten tribes a city; all units of a single structure.
		One type of orgeones was much like the genos in that it was a hereditary society whose members were automatically admitted into the related phratry;
		Sacrificed to a hero once a year at a private shrine; though Parker believes that their privilege and prominence is perhaps suggestive of a more public function as well (receiving sacred objects before the Mysteries, appeasing gods for the local good)
	www.uark.edu /campus-resources/dlevine/Parker7.html (796 words)

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