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Topic: Phronesis

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	Phronesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phronesis is a term used by Aristotle in Nicomachean ethics to describe "practical wisdom" or the ability to act on what one knows are good for man.
		Most people feel nostalgic and have the idea they have wasted their lives when they are old.
		Phronesis has a lot to do with choosing the ends one should accomplish.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phronesis (182 words)

	Sophie Haroutunian-Gordon - Aristotle's Phantasia and its Role within Phronesis: A Question
		I began, then, to wonder whether any harm had been rendered by working to illuminate the concept of phronesis using the concept of phantasia-phronesis being a concept that is developed in EN and as far as I know, not found in DA, which is said to have been written later than much of EN.
		Three characteristics of phronesis are suggested by this passage.
		To use it to illuminate the concept of phronesis, which is not part of a psychological story about how the mind works, may confuse or distort the meaning of phronesis, as it appears unrelated to sensory perception.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /EPS/PES-Yearbook/97_docs/haroutunian-gordon.html (1765 words)

	Excerpt from the Book Making Social Science Matter
		I will argue that phronesis is commonly involved in social practice, and that therefore attempts to reduce social science and theory either to episteme or techne, or to comprehend them in those terms, are misguided.
		Phronesis is most important because it is that activity by which instrumental rationality is balanced by value-rationality, and because such balancing is crucial to the sustained happiness of the citizens in any society, according to Aristotle.
		The goal is to help restore social science to its classical position as a practical, intellectual activity aimed at clarifying the problems, risks, and possibilities we face as humans and societies, and at contributing to social and political praxis.
	flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk /mssmexcerpt.php (1285 words)

	Literary Research / Recherche littéraire, nos. 37-38, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Plato’s metaphysical concerns pulled phronesis away from the practical, and, by extension, the ethical until it came to mean the intellectual contemplation of the eide (in the Republic), and was used by him as a quasi-synonym for nous in the Philebus.
		The reincarnations of phronesis in medieval Europe as prudentia and the complicated history of its further move towards the modern sense of prudence is too long and complicated for our present purpose (though very interesting).
		This long process of distantiating phronesis or prudence from its theoretical as well as ethical connections is not only a sign of the times, but has become one of the basic principles of management, administration, and politics.
	www.uwo.ca /modlang/ailc/ReviewArticles/ReviewArticles2.htm (1985 words)

	Phronesis
		Although both theorists attempt to develop their accounts in terms of the concept of phronesis, Lyotard reduces phronesis to cleverness, while Caputo elevates it to what he calls "meta- phronesis," a conception of how we are meant to cope under conditions of postmodern paralogy.
		Second, phronesis, as either Aristotle or Gadamer explains it, is not the mechanical application of preestablished rules to "a world already in place." 7 Phronesis is precisely the virtue that one can fall back on within a hermeneutical situation which is uncertain.
		Phronesis is not a super-discourse or a set of universal rules, but a sub-discourse that can only have a place within and between every language-game and conversation, and can only operate differently according to local situations.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~gallaghr/Gall93.html (4448 words)

	20th WCP: Is Temperance Ever Properly Painful?
		The strength of this relationship between the non-rational part of the soul capable of being persuaded and the part of the rational soul concerned with practical affairs is important to notice.
		The continent person might appear to be temperate because he does what a temperate person would do, but he does not have the overall integration of the soul and hence is not virtuous in all areas.
		If eating the second sundae is the issue, certainly the temperate person might become nauseous, but the point is that she would not have eaten the second sundae in the first place.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciKonk.htm (4768 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phronesis is traditionally translated "practical wisdom"; however, in his translation Irwin uses "intelligence" and adds that "prudence" might, in fact, be better in that it means "a good sense about one's welfare," though our tendency is to assume that it means "narrow-minded caution‹not assuming the person is reflective" (Aristotle 1985, 412).
		In this way, phronesis is connected to community‹one is not intelligent merely as an individual, but in relation to others: since "one's own welfare requires household management and a political system" (1142a10), my life is tied into those around me, and phronesis allows me to make good decisions on behalf of us all.
		This interpretation allows for phronesis and other forms of life other than strictly that of the wise person to be seen as eudaimon.
	www.macalester.edu /philosophy/ehrhardt.html (3768 words)

	Jana Noel - Interpreting Aristotle's Phantasia and Claiming its Role Within Phronesis
		Phronesis is variously translated as moral discernment, practical wisdom, and prudence, among other phrases, but will be discussed here as practical reasoning, in order to indicate the active thinking processes that are occurring during phronesis.
		In fact, Aristotle describes phronesis as an intellectual virtue, as a state which allows the individual who attains it to be able to ascertain what is good for humankind, and then to deliberate about how best to reach that good.
		As discussed earlier, the individual who is practically wise, who displays phronesis, both determines the end goal or end 'good,' and then looks at his or her own individual situation and determines what type of case, within the framework of the universal good already placed in the mind, is appropriate in the individual situation.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /EPS/PES-Yearbook/97_docs/noel.html (3593 words)

	theoryandmethod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phronesis is about values and reality, about people and their actions.
		Phronesis is needed, Martha Nussbaum [5] writes, as " an attack on the claim that all valuable things are commensurable; an argument for the priority of particular judgements to universals; and a defense of the emotions and the imagination as essential to rational choice ".
		Phronesis is thus not scientific in the "episteme" sense, since epistemology mainly deals with scientific knowledge that is universal, constant in time and space, context-independent, and based entirely on analytic rationality.
	www.english.certec.lth.se /theory.html (7942 words)

	Intellectual Virtues
		Phronesis differs from "science" ( theoria) in that the objects of the latter do not change, whereas phronesis deliberates about things that can be other than they are.
		Phronesis gives us the ability to develop virtues that are means "relative to us"; and enables us to determine the right amount, the right means, the right goal, the right time, the right situation, the right person, etc. I would like to call this Aristotle's "contextual pragmatism": "what is suitable is.
		Synesis differs from phronesis in that the former only "passes judgment," while the latter "issues commands," "tells us what we ought to do," and leads to action (1143a5ff.) Understanding is like phronesis in that it does deal with the changeable and the practical.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /ngier/490/intellectvirtues.htm (2378 words)

	ATSE - Solomon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Second, the ‘new’ is approached through the concrete example of nanotechnology research, the results of which appear likely to have profound implications for the world as we know it.
		Phronesis concerns the analysis of values — things that are good and bad and in between — as a point of departure for action.
		The fact that there is no contemporary etymological descendant of phronesis in modern English is probably indicative of its fall from grace as an intellectual virtue.
	www.atse.org.au /index.php?sectionid=549 (2314 words)

	Butterflies and Wheels Article
		However, Aristotle links technology to phronesis, to knowing "things that are good or bad for man." If there is a technological imperative, it must go two steps beyond this framework and address the question of whether a change in knowledge (be it episteme or techne) when put to use serves a good purpose.
		The improvements in technology called for by the technological imperative are supererogatory and laudable because of their novelty and usefulness [ 21 ] for improving the quality of human life, for conferring increased net benefits on society, or more readily fulfilling a moral duty.
		Since phronesis is at work in discerning and choosing the mean at which ethical virtue aims, ethical virtue cannot achieve its own end without phronesis.
	www.butterfliesandwheels.com /articleprint.php?num=37 (3143 words)

	Ãrudit \| RON n27 2002 : Goldberg : Byron, Blake, and Heaven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In these poems, Byron and Blake each stage acts of phronesis, of moral judgment unregulated by statute or decree, in order to bring their theories of heaven in contact with the facts of life.
		The chimney sweeper's homiletics, for example, are visionary inside that poem but quietist outside of it, and the little fl boy, as has been discussed, is something other than self-effacing largely because of the implied details of the poem's dramatic situation.
		Caputo's attempt to reconstruct a "poetics of obligations," that is, his insistence that phronesis without metaphysics is still phronesis, depends on his regard for the irreducibility of events, which he follows Heidegger in terming their "facticity" (35).
	www.erudit.org /revue/ron/2002/v/n27/006561ar.html (8521 words)

	Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar
		Finally, in the second part of the book, Aristotle's writings on phronesis and techne are analyzed in massive detail with due attention to the current philological scholarship as well as philosophical argument on that topic.
		Thus having identified the broad similarity between the "illative sense" and phronesis, Dunne declines to explore further how, given their contextual differences, the two concepts might be pressed to mutually interrogate and illuminate each other.
		Dunne also recognizes that the conceptual tradition of phronesis is discontinuous and fragmented, despite the recent revival of interest in it.
	web.syr.edu /~mdlattim/notebook/Gaonkar_Dilip.html (2636 words)

	On Phronesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phronesis, or practical wisdom, or prudence, is, to me, a profound concept.
		Aristotle identifies phronesis as one of the dianoetic virtues, that is, those intellectual virtues that characterize the well-ordered mind.
		Phronesis is important to rhetoric in a variety of ways.
	www2.dsu.nodak.edu /users/jtallmon/phronesis.htm (72 words)

	CONSTITUTIONAL STEWARDSHIP, PHRONESIS
		First, like phronesis, the exercise of constitutional stewardship requires a person to know what is morally required for ethically virtuous action, in this case the virtuous action of a democratic agent constitutionally committed to a regime of ordered liberty.
		Finally, like phronesis, constitutional stewardship requires judgments that strike a balance among the extremes to which our constitutional order is inclined.
		Such judgment encourages administrators to take responsibility for insuring that constitutional dialogue is undertaken in a serious rather than a frivolous manner and that political actors do not use ethical questions arising from the constitution for narrow and immediate political ends.
	www.eli.pdx.edu /erc/morgan/BOWCONF.html (9675 words)

	Hans-Georg Gadamer
		The way in which Gadamer conceives of understanding, and interpretation, is as just such a practically oriented mode of insight -- a mode of insight that has its own rationality irreducible to any simple rule or set of rules, that cannot be directly taught, and that is always oriented to the particular case at hand.
		The concept of phronesis can itself be seen as providing a certain elaboration of the dialogic conception of understanding Gadamer had already found in Plato, and, taken together, these two concepts can se seen as providing the essential starting point for the development of Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.
		Gadamer takes play as the basic clue to the ontological structure of art, emphasizing the way in which play is not a form of disengaged, disinterested exercise of subjectivity, but is rather something that has its own order and structure to which one is given over.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/gadamer (4775 words)

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	sec.edgar-online.com /2004/12/03/0001175710-04-000219/section3.asp (1260 words)

	Phronesis in the Habermas vs. Gadamer Debate, Michael Calvin McGee, macrorhetoric, cultural criticism
		Phronesis is translated unambiguously as practical knowledge, and it is then discussed as if it were an epistemological achievement which could be understood apart from its embodiments as a matter of philosophical or social scientific techne :
		This relationship of co-dependency and co-variance marks practical knowledge as logically pre-scientific, Habermas claims; but "hermeneutic procedures" can nonetheless "enter into the social sciences" whenever it is necessary to account for "the unavoidably historical content" of even very general global "schemata of possible world-conceptions" (Habermas, 1970a, p.
		Habermas recommends "hermeneutic procedures" for the job of describing either global phronesis (the tradition-defined category liberty) or concrete phronesis (the situation-defined conjuring of liberty in communicative action).
	www.mcgees.net /fragments/essays/archives/Phronesis.in.the.Habermas.vs.Gadamer.Debate.htm (1247 words)

	Business Technology. Bridge the gap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phronesis was a term used by Aristotle to describe "practical wisdom" or the ability to act on what one knows are good for man.
		Phronesis Technology Ltd is a company that firmly believes in the power of the correct application of IT to solve specific problems and provide enhanced performance.
		Phronesis Technology aims to help any business by the appropriate, cost effective application of Business Technology We are experienced Business Managers and we can ensure that you get the most from your investment in Technology.....
	www.phronesistechnology.com (508 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1999.03.15
		In several passages (especially the discussion of the philosopher's view of the body, 65a9-67b) phronesis appears to mean the achievement of knowledge or insight into the truth (e.g., 66e3).
		Further, phronesis is explicitly identified as that which the philos-sophos loves (66e2-5): In fact, it seems to be the preferred term for marking the object of the desire which characterizes the philosopher.
		This tension lies between the notion that phronesis is a means to virtue and the expected "Socratic" view which identifies phronesis (or sophia, or episteme) with the virtues.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1999/1999-03-15.html (1876 words)

	Metaphysics bibliography
		Driscoll, J., "The Platonic Ancestry of Primary Substance," Phronesis 24 (1979) 253-269.
		Hamlyn, D.W., "Aristotle on Predication," Phronesis 6 (1961) 110-125.
		Weidemann, H., "In Defence of Aristotle’s Theory of Predication," Phronesis 25 (1980) 76-87.
	faculty.washington.edu /smcohen/520bibl.htm (2940 words)

	GUIDEBOOK FOR PUBLISHING PHILOSOPHY: JOURNALS
		Reviewer's comments: Phronesis specializes in full-length articles, critical notices and discussion notes pertaining to the entire area of ancient philosophy.
		Generally, the latest entries deal either with findings proposing alternat e etymological interpretations of passages in ancient texts or with historical studies on the effects philosophical trends have had on specific thinkers of antiquity.
		Phronesis is an expertly crafted journal, with careful editing, clear print quality and fine binding; a highly polished professional publication.
	sophia.smith.edu /~jmoulton/guidebook/jend2.htm (2332 words)

	Aristotle Bibliography
		Hamlyn, D.W. Aristotle on Predication.” Phronesis 6 (1961) 110-125.
		Lesher, J.H. “The Role of Nous in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics.” Phronesis 18 (1973) 44-68.
		Loux, M.J. Aristotle on the Transcendentals.” Phronesis 18 (1973) 225-239.
	faculty.washington.edu /smcohen/433/433bibl.htm (5252 words)

	Technology Solutions for Business productivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phronesis Technology is a company who firmly believes in the power of the correct application of IT to solve specific problems and provide enhanced performance.
		Phronesis Technology was formed in Summer 2000 as a result of a recognition that many businesses are confused by the IT sales staff and consultants who deliver little.
		Phronesis Technology aims to help any business by the appropriate cost effective application of Technology
	www.business-tech.co.uk (120 words)

	Project Suggestion: Phronesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phronesis system : a freely available software tool for the creation of distributed digital libraries on the Internet.
		The Phronesis system is a single system that allows the submission, searching, retrieval, and administration of a digital library via WWW.
		The current functionality of Phronesis includes full document and metadata based searching, indexing, and retrieval of Spanish and English documents, bilingual user interface, efficient storage and retrieval of images, audio, video, text, and any type of digital document.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~mm/s02/projects/phrnsis.htm (241 words)

	www.myspace.com/phronesis
		Phronesis is a DEATH/GRIND project that was started in the summer of 2002.
		But due to line-up changes we thought it was best to change our name to Phronesis.
		Hey Phronesis, thanks for the add and thanks for listen ing.
	www.myspace.com /phronesis (636 words)

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