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Topic: Phthalic acids

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	phthalic acids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Phthalic acids, also known as benzene dicarboxylic acids, is the name of the organic acids with the chemical formula C
		There are three isomers: ortho, or phthalic acid (1,2-benzenecarboxylic acid); meta, or isophthalic acid (1,3-benzenecarboxylic acid); para, or terephthalic acid (1,4-benzenecarboxylic acid).
		Uvitic acid, 5-methyl isophthalic acid, is obtained by oxidizing mesitylene or by condensing pyroracemie acid with baryta water.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /phthalic_acids.html (367 words)

	PHTHALIC ACIDS - LoveToKnow Article on PHTHALIC ACIDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		PhI/ia/ic acid was obtained by Laurent in 1836 by oxidizing naphthalene tetrachloride, and, believing it to be a naphthalene derivative, he named it naphthalenic acid; Marignac determined its formula and showed Laurents supposition to be incorrect, upon which Laurent gave it its present name.
		It is manufactured by oxidizing naphthalene tetrachloride (prepared from naphthalene, potassium, chlorate and hydrochloric acid) with nitric acid, or, better, by oxidizing the hydrocarbon with fuming sulphuric acid, using mercury or mercuric sulphate as a catalyst (German pat.
		Isophihalic acid is obtained by oxidizing meta-xylene with chromic acid, or by fusing potassium meta-sulphobenzoate, or meta-brombenzoate with potassium formate (terephthalic acid is also formed in the last case).
	11.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PH/PHTHALIC_ACIDS.htm (405 words)

	ACINETA - LoveToKnow Article on ACINETA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An important oxidation synthesis of aromatic acids is from hydrocarbons with aliphatic side chains; thus toluene, or methyl-benzene, yields benzoic acid, the xylenes, or dimethyl-benzene, yield methyl-benzoic acids and phthalic acids.
		It is apparent that metallic salts of organic acids would, in aqueous solution, be ionized, the positive ion being the metal, and the negative ion the acid residue.
		They form compounds with hydrochloric acid when this gas is passed into their ethereal solution; these compounds, however, are very unstable, being readily decomposed by water.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AC/ACINETA.htm (1263 words)

	Hydrogenation of phthalic acids to cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid - US Patent 6291706 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A process for the formation of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids comprising hydrogenation of phthalic acids over a supported palladium catalyst, under hydrogenation conditions comprising temperature in the range of 195 degrees C to 260 degrees C; and hydrogen pressures in the range of 600 to 700 psi.
		The process of claim 1 wherein the phthalic acids are selected from the group consisting of isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, purified isophthalic acid and purified terephthalic acid.
		In a typical reaction, the desired phthalic acid is dissolved in water at the reaction temperature and contacted with a catalyst, in the presence of hydrogen.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6291706.html (1433 words)

	Read about Phthalic acids at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Phthalic acids and learn about Phthalic acids here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Phthalic acid (i.e., the ortho isomer) is used mainly in the form of the
		phthalic anhydride; the latter forms long white needles, melting at 128° and boiling at 284°.
		chromic acid, or by fusing potassium meta-sulphobenzoate, or meta-brombenzoate with potassium formate (terephthalic acid is also formed in the last case).
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Isophthalic_acid (339 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs V.45 (1974)
		3,5-Dibrom-2-aminobenzoic acid; its nitrite and the synthesis of quinazolines from the latter.
		Synthesis of 5-nitro-4-ketodihydroquina- zolines from 6-nitro-2-aminobenzoic acid, 6-nitro-2-acetyl- aminobenzoic acid, and from the corresponding nitro acetyl- anthranil.
		Syn- thesis of quinazoline carboxylic acids from 4-aminoisophthalic acid and from aminoterephthalic acid.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309022398/html/101.html (2890 words)

	Supplemental Topics
		The dissociation of a group of acids in a given solvent may be used as a measure of acid strength, and in such cases the solvent serves as a common reference base.
		An increase in the acidity of carbon acids activated by two carbonyl groups is well known, and is illustrated by the two beta-dicarbonyl compounds on the left side of the diagram.
		The ortho effect is large for the nitrobenzoic acids, which show nearly a 20 fold increase in acidity, roughly an 8 fold factor for the halobenzoic acids, and a 2.5 to 3 fold increase for methyl and cyano substituents.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/suppmnt2.htm (6909 words)

	Capítulo 1
		Phthalic acids (or phthalic anhydride) based polyols, have rigid chains and are used in rigid foams and in high performance coatings (Table 1.8).
		The hydrolysis stability of the ester linkage is inferior to that of the ether linkage in the polyethers, and residual esterification catalysts accelerate the hydrolysis.
		The polyisophthalates glycols are obtained by anhydride phthalic polymerization with glycols as diethylene glycol.
	www.poliuretanos.com.br /Ingles/Chapter1/15Polyester.htm (2024 words)

	3,5-Disubstituted phthalic acid imides, phthalic acids and phthalic acid anhydrides - Patent 4363917 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The present invention relates to novel 3,5-disubstituted phthalimides, phthalic acids and phthalic anhydrides, processes for their preparation and the use of the novel 3,5-disubstituted phthalimides and phthalic anhydrides as sensitisers for photocrosslinkable polymers or, preferably mixed with amines, as initiators for the photoplymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds or for the photochemical crosslinking of polyolefins.
		The phthalimides and phthalic anhydrides according to the invention are also suitable, preferably mixed with organic amines, as initiators for the photopolymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds or for the photochemical crosslinking of polyolefins.
		The phthalic acids of the formula II are thus intermediates for the preparation of the corresponding anhydrides.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4363917.html (7792 words)

	Encyclopedia: Naphthalene
		It is manufactured from coal tar, and converted to phthalic anhydride for the manufacture of plastics, dyes and solvents.
		When mice were repeatedly exposed to naphthalene vapors for two years, their noses and lungs became inflamed and irritated.
		The name phthalic acid is a shortened naphthalic acid, which is named from naphthalene.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Naphthalene (1200 words)

	4.27 Phosmet (R)**
		Phthalic acid was the major metabolite and accounted for 17-21% of the total radioactivity.
		The parent phosmet amounted to 53% of the total residue in fodder, with the oxon (1.2%) and derivatives of phthalimide and phthalic acid present in small amounts, whereas in the grain phthalic acid was the single identified residue (61%) and the parent compound was not detectable.
		Phthalic acid and phthalamic acid were the major metabolites.
	www.fao.org /docrep/W8141E/w8141e14.htm (3133 words)

	PHTHALIC - Online Information article about PHTHALIC
		With bromine it forms a di-bromide, which then heated to i io° C. decomposes into hydro-bromic acid and benzyl bromide.
		peppermint odour, and boiling at 178.5–179.5° C. Nitric acid oxidizes it to n-pimelic acid.
		When heated with hydriodic acid to 230 C. it gives methylhexamethylene.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PHTHALIC.html (480 words)

	Process for the preparation of salts of substituted or unsubstituted phthalic acids - US Patent 5723658 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The chlorinated phthalic acids serve as starting material for fluorinated phthalic acids, which are themselves important intermediates for the preparation of antibacterial compositions (German Offenlegungsschrift 33 18 145, EP 424 850, EP 271 275).
		Tetrafluorophthalic acid serves, for example, as starting material for the preparation of polymers (JP 02/29406), but it may also be used for the preparation of photosensitive materials (JP 01/268662, JP 11955 (1986)) or of liquid crystals (EP 0 602 596, EP 0 602 549).
		In addition, if desired, the corresponding phthalic acids may be prepared using the process of the invention in a very simple manner, that is by acidifying the aqueous solutions of phthalic acid salts.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5723658.html (5040 words)

	PHTHALAZINES - LoveToKnow Article on PHTHALAZINES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		2210), or by the reduction of chlorphthalazine with phosphorus and hydriodic acid (Ber., 1897, p.
		On oxidation with alkaline potassium permanganate it yields pyridazine dicarboxylic acid.
		On treatment,with, phosphorus oxychloride it yields a chlorphthalazine which with zinc and hydrochloric acid gives isoindole, C5H,N, and with tin and hydrochloric acid phthalimidine, C8H,ON, the second nitrogen atom being eliminated as ammonia.
	10.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PH/PHTHALAZINES.htm (154 words)

	Exp2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		These are phthalic acid (1,2 dicarboxylic acid), isophthalic acid (1,3 dicarboxylic acid) and terphthalic acid (1,4 dicarboxylic acid).
		The elimination of the water takes place in the case of phthalic acid because the two carboxylic acid functional groups are close by and thus react together resulting in the removal of a water molecule as shown below.
		When most of the phthalic acid has disappeared from the watch glass, carefully remove the funnel and tap the phthalic acid crystals on to a clean paper towel.
	www.wiu.edu /users/mftkv/Chemistry102/Exp2.html (425 words)

	Vinyl ether terminated ester and urethane resins from bis(hydroxyalkyl)cycloalkanes - Patent 4775732 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In one branch of the invention, the vinyl ether terminated alcohol is reacted with a carboxylic acid, generally a dicarboxylic acid, to afford a vinyl ether terminated ester.
		The carboxylic acids which may be used, or which are parents of activated derivatives which may be used in the practice of this invention, are dicarboxylic acids.
		The dicarboxylic acids which are most useful in this branch of the invention are those which are typically used in polyamide (nylon) and polyester fiber production, and include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as the phthalic acids, especially isophthalic and terephthalic acid.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4775732.html (5425 words)

	Polyester resins
		Polyester resins are made by reacting dicarboxylic acids (for example, maleic and phthalic acids) with glycols (for example, propylene and diethylene glycols) in a jacketed and agitated reactor kettle.
		In practice, the anhydrous forms of the dicarboxylic acids are used.
		As the reaction proceeds in the kettle, the polymer molecular weight increases, causing the viscosity to increase and the acid value to decrease.
	www.huntsman.com /base_chemicals/index.cfm?PageID=1132 (573 words)

	Karvan-L
		Butyl, hexyl, octal and glycolic ethers of ecological clean petroleum acids Assigning: will be utillized for plastification resin technical of articles (work pieces), linoleums, perchlovynyl of plastics, varnishes (lacquers) and other polymer materials.
		The solvent ether is received on the basis of natural naphthenic acid and ethyl sulphate.
		The glycolic ether is received on the basis of natural naphthenic acid and ethylene alcohol.
	www.karvan-l.com /new/eng/p/5.htm (142 words)

	Process for preparing cyclohexanedicarboxylic esters - Patent 6740773 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A process for preparing cyclohexanedicarboxylic esters comprising esterifying a benzenedicarboxylic acid or a benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride with an aliphatic monoalcohol of 4 to 14 carbon atoms in the presence of an acid or of a member of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and tin, at 100 to 250.degree.
		For the purposes of the invention, dicarboxylic acids of benzene are understood to be the positional isomers phthalic acid (o-phthalic acid), isophthalic acid (m-phthalic acid), and terephthalic acid (p-phthalic acid), in particular o-phthalic acid.
		The esters are prepared in a known manner by reacting dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic anhydride with alcohol, which is frequently present in excess, in the presence of a catalyst.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6740773.html (3044 words)

	Di-n-butyl phthalate (EHC 189, 1997)
		The isolated pseudomonad did not grow with phthalic acid as the sole source of carbon, indicating that DBP was not mineralized by this bacterium.
		C-DBP for 24 h, the distribution of metabolites was as follows: 13% diester; 28.2% monoester; 47.8% phthalic acid; and 11% of the radioactivity in the residue.
		Based on analysis of the urine, 80 to 90% of the dose was metabolized and excreted in the urine in 48 h as phthalic acid (2%), mono- n-butyl phthalate (88%), mono 3-hydroxy butyl phthalate (8%) and mono-4-hydroxy butyl phthalate (2%).
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc189.htm (14988 words)

	Phthalic acids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Phthalic acid (i.e., the ortho isomer) is used mainly in the form of the anhydride to produce other chemicals such as dyes, perfumes, saccharin, phthalates and many others.
		On an industrial scale, terephthalic acid is produced by oxidation of p-xylene by oxygen from air.
		The terephthalic acid is, in turn, often used as a monomer component in the production of polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate or PET (the commonest polyester).
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Phthalic_acid (602 words)

	Diagnosing Herbicide Injury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mode of Action and Symptoms: Amino acid derivatives (Table 2) are translocated foliar-applied herbicides which interfere with aromatic amino acid synthesis.
		Mode of Action and Symptoms: The exact mode of action of the phthalic acids (Table 16) is unknown.
		Picolinic acids are hormone disruptors which translocate in both the phloem and xylem.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /WG053 (4095 words)

	PURE ALKYD RESINS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Alkyd resins are produced by reacting a polybasic acid (phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, etc.) with a polyhydric alcohol (glycerine, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, etc.) and an oil or a fatty acid.
		The oil or fatty acid portion of the alkyd is one of the factors which determine the paint formulator's choice of resin to be used.
		For this reason, low phthalic unmodified alkyds (under 27%) are designated as "long oil", medium phthalic alkyds (27-30%) as "medium oil" and high phthalic alkyds (over 30%) as "short oil".
	www.skyinet.net /~resinc/ALKYD_RESINS.htm (280 words)

	Aromatic polyesters of 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluorene, phthalic acids and phosphorus halides - Patent 4247681 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aromatic polyesters of 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluorene, phthalic acids and phosphorus halides
		A process for the preparation of aromatic polyesters which are characterized particularly by high-temperature stability and difficult inflammability and which show, in addition, a low development of heat and a high char yield in combustion.
		It is to be understood, however, that other expediates known to those skilled in the art, or disclosed herein may be employed without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4247681.html (2019 words)

	Category:Carboxylic acids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In chemistry, carboxylic acids are acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group.
		They can be made by the complete oxidation of primary alcohols - this means the alcohol group is at the end of the molecule.
		Molecules containing such a functional group are also called carboxylic acids or organic acids.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Carboxylic_acids (116 words)

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