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Topic: Phthalic anhydride

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	NTP: Abstract for TR-159 - Phthalic Anhydride
		Phthalic anhydride itself is used as a monomer for synthetic resins such as glyptal, the alkyd resins, and the polyester resins.
		Phthalic anhydride is a precursor of anthraquinone, phthalein, rhodamine, phthalocyanine, fluorescein, and xanthene dyes.
		Reaction of phthalic anhydride with ammonia yields phthalimide, a useful reagent in the synthesis of primary amines, the agricultural fungicide phaltan, and thalidomide.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=07053826-0B1F-EEC2-5A503B988322C896 (504 words)

	Phthalic anhydride \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Phthalic anhydride is an important chemical intermediate in the plastics industry from which are derived numerous phthalate esters that function as plasticizers in synthetic resins.
		Phthalic anhydride is used in the synthesis of primary amines, the agricultural fungicide phaltan, and thalidomide.
		A bioassay of phthalic anhydride for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering phthalic anhydride in feed to groups of male and female rats and mice.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/phthalic.html (1242 words)

	Production of ortho-phthalic acid and its conversion and recovery of phthalic anhydride - Patent 4215053
		Phthalic anhydride of commercially acceptable quality can be produced continuously in yields of from about 80 up to about 83 mole percent (% of theoretical) through a combination of steps starting with the neat oxidation of liquid o-xylene with air in the presence of catalysis provided by cobalt, manganese and bromine.
		Such impure liquid phthalic anhydride is refluxed with water for 90 minutes to precipitate o-phthalic acid which is recovered by filtration and the filter cake extracted with ether.
		The reflux liquid containing phthalic anhydride, benzoic acid, o-toluic acid and phthalide is heated to a temperature which vaporizes the reflux liquid but not phthalic anhydride but rather the heating leaves the anhydride as a liquid in which phthalide, benzoic acid and o-toluic acid become dissolved.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4215053.html (6496 words)

	PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE - (Organic Method #90)
		Phthalic anhydride is collected with veratrylamine-coated glass fiber filters where the anhydride is derivatized in situ to form an acid-amide (phthalamic acid).
		The ACGIH assigned a TLV-TWA of 1 ppm for phthalic anhydride (Ref. 5.6.).
		Phthalic anhydride (99+%) 7.48 g (0.05 mole) and veratrylamine (97%) 8.62 g (0.05 mole) were dissolved in 150 mL of toluene and refluxed under a Dean Stark trap overnight.
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/organic/org090/org090.html (3440 words)

	Method for producing phthalic anhydride - Patent 6700000
		Phthalic anhydride is prepared by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of xylene and/or naphthalene by a gas comprising molecular oxygen in a fixed bed at elevated temperature and using at least three coated catalysts arranged in superposed zones, which catalysts have a layer of catalytically active metal oxides applied to a core of support material.
		The present invention relates to a process for preparing phthalic anhydride in which the catalytic gas-phase oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene is carried out over at least three zones of catalysts of increasing activity and in which the increase in activity of the zones is effected in a particular way.
		This is used to obtain, for example, benzoic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid or pyromellitic anhydride.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6700000.html (4017 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		anhydride (as the triethylamine salt of the corresponding diacid), and 73.8 mol% of 4-chlorotetrahydrophthalic anhydride (as the triethylamine salt of the corresponding diacid).
		anhydride (as the triethylamine salt of the corresponding diacid).
		A method for preparing a phthalic anhydride, comprising: transimidation of an N-alkyl phthalimide (V) wherein R'is selected from the group consisting of halogens, aromatic groups comprising 6-18 carbons, aliphatic groups comprising 1-18 carbons, hydrogen and nitro groups, and R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbons, with substituted tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (VI)
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=04/72012.040826&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1219 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phthalic anhydride is a solid that exists as white flakes.
		Phthalic anhydride is produced in large amounts (990 million pounds in 1993) by five companies in the United States.
		Phthalic anhydride is not likely to cause environmental harm at levels normally found in the environment.
	www.emla.hu /korkep/chems/phtha-fs.txt (621 words)

	Exploratory report phthalic anhydride - RIVM Rapport 601014004
		Since phthalic anhydride will rapidly hydrolyse to o-phthalic acid in the presence of water, this reaction product is included in the evaluation.
		From this one may conclude that the risk of inhalatory outdoor exposure to phthalic anhydride to the general population seems to be small, if present at all.
		It is concluded that phthalic anhydride does not seem to present a significant risk to humans or ecosystems in the Netherlands.
	www.rivm.nl /bibliotheek/rapporten/601014004.html (335 words)

	Phthalic Anhydride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phthalic Anhydride (PA) is a principal commercial form of phthalic acid, discovered in 1836.
		It was the first anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid to be used commercially, and is comparable in its importance to acetic acid.
		Phthalic Anhydride from the IGPL plant is supplied in the form of flakes packaged in HDPE/PP woven bags.
	www.igpetro.com /products/pthalic.htm (372 words)

	Phthalic anhydride [factsheet]
		The long-term (chronic) effects observed in workers exposed to phthalic anhydride were occasional bloody sputum, emphysema, some lowering of blood pressure, and minor signs of CNS excitation.
		* Phthalic anhydride is an important chemical intermediate in the plastics industry from which are derived numerous phthalate esters that function as plasticizers in synthetic resins.
		* Phthalic anhydride is used in the synthesis of primary amines, the agricultural fungicide phaltan, and thalidomide.
	www.lakes-environmental.com /toxic/PHTHALIC_ANHYDRIDE.HTML (790 words)

	Phthalic Anhydride
		PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE is used in the manufacture of alkyd resins for paints and varnishes.
		PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE is used in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins.
		PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE is used in the manufacture of Tetrachloro Phthalic Anhydride which finds applications in reactive fire retardant in unsaturated polyesters.
	www.herdillia.com /htm/phthalic.htm (170 words)

	NTP: ChemIDPlus/HSDB 85-44-9 Toxicity
		Apparently, his asthma was caused by the release of phthalic anhydride during the grinding of cured moldings.
		Inhalation tests of seven patients with tetrachlorophthalic anhydride for a maximum duration of 30 min with atmospheric concn of up to 0.96 mg/cu m were associated with a transient rise in specific IgE showing the serum concn of specific IgE to be a sensitive index of exposure.
		Phthalic anhydride was about ten times less potent than cyclohexylthiophthalimide, having a total ED50 for the total embryotoxicity of 0.38 umol (56 ug) per egg.
	ntp.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=E883C622-BDB5-82F8-FEB7C2FA4AD52C92 (937 words)

	Exp2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These are phthalic acid (1,2 dicarboxylic acid), isophthalic acid (1,3 dicarboxylic acid) and terphthalic acid (1,4 dicarboxylic acid).
		When most of the phthalic acid has disappeared from the watch glass, carefully remove the funnel and tap the phthalic acid crystals on to a clean paper towel.
		Discard the remaining samples (phthalic acid on the watch glass, phthalic anhydride and the mixture) in the organic waste bottle.
	www.wiu.edu /users/mftkv/Chemistry102/Exp2.html (425 words)

	Phthalic acids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phthalic acid (i.e., the ortho isomer) is used mainly in the form of the anhydride to produce other chemicals such as dyes, perfumes, saccharin, phthalates and many others.
		Phthalic acid was obtained by French chemist Auguste Laurent in 1836 by oxidizing naphthalene tetrachloride, and, believing the resulting substance to be a naphthalene derivative, he named it naphthalenic acid.
		It forms white crystals, melting at 213° with decomposition into water and phthalic anhydride; the latter forms long white needles, melting at 128° and boiling at 284°.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Phthalic_acid (624 words)

	anhydride on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ANHYDRIDE [anhydride] [Gr.,=without water], chemical compound formed by removing water, H
		An acid anhydride reacts with water to form an acid; e.g., sulfur trioxide, SO, reacts with water to form sulfuric acid, H
		Phthalic anhydride: importation decreases in 2002 demand growth depends on PVC.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/a1/anhydrid.asp (302 words)

	phthalic anhydride - chemical product info at CHEMINDUSTRY.RU
		Phthalic anhydride is a colorless, easily subliming crystalline compound.
		Phthalic anhydride undergoes catalytic condensation with benzene to form anthraquinone.
		Phthalic anhydride is produced by vapour-phase catalytic oxidation of ortho-xylene or naphthalene with oxygen at 350-400°C in the presence of V
	www.chemindustry.ru /Phthalic_Anhydride.php (161 words)

	p
		phthalic anhydride/adipic acid/castor oil/neopentyl glycol/peg-3/trimethylolpropane copolymer - hintergrundwissen: phthalic anhydride/adipic acid/castor oil/neopentyl glycol/peg-3/trimethylolpropane copolymer
		phthalic anhydride/benzoic acid/trimethylolpropane copolymer - hintergrundwissen: phthalic anhydride/benzoic acid/trimethylolpropane copolymer
		phthalic anhydride/glycerin/glycidyl decanoate copolymer - hintergrundwissen: phthalic anhydride/glycerin/glycidyl decanoate copolymer
	www.inhaltsstoffe-kosmetik.de /p8.html (262 words)

	Phthalic Anhydride \| Introduction \| International Trade \| valetimegroup.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phthalic anhydride, the anhydride form of phthalic acid, is produced by the oxidation of orthoxylene or naphthalene.
		Rubezhnoe in the Lugansk region of the Ukraine is the location for production of a range of special chemicals for the paint, varnish and coatings industries.
		Phthalic anhydride is derived from Orthoxylene imported from neigbouring petro-chemical refining facilities.
	www.valetimegroup.com /products.php?&dID=1&pID=32&psID=85 (133 words)

	Phthalic anhydride - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Phthalic anhydride - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Phthalic anhydride is the anhydride of phthalic acid.It dissolves in alcohol and some other organic solvents.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Phthalic anhydride contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Phthalic_anhydride (124 words)

	Phthalic anhydride (CASRN 85-44-9 ) \| IRIS \| US EPA
		B6C3F1 mice, 50/sex/group, were fed diets containing phthalic anhydride for 104 weeks; initial concentrations were 25,000 and 50,000 ppm, but the levels were lowered to 12,500 and 25,000 for males and 6250 and 12,500 ppm for females after 32 weeks because of severe weight loss.
		In the same NCI (1979) study F344 rats (50/sex/group) were fed diets containting 7500 or 15,000 ppm phthalic anhydride for 105 weeks.
		Phthalic anhydride was reported to be teratogenic in mice following intraperitoneal injection, but teratogenicity or reproductive toxicity has not been studied using the oral route of exposure (Fabro et al., 1982).
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0308.htm (828 words)

	Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs) - 85449
		It has been stated that phthalic anhydride has similar toxic effects (i.e., irritation of the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory system) as maleic anhydride, but has reduced potency [ACGIH 1991].
		However, the revised IDLH for phthalic anhydride is 60 mg/m
		Diseases due to phthalic acid and its compounds.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/idlh/85449.html (347 words)

	Phthalic Anhydride in Panama
		World consumption of phthalic anhydride is over 3 million tonnes (US$2 billion) and is growing 3% a year.
		The USA is the largest producer of phthalic anhydride, with production of over 500 thousand tonnes a year.
		Asia and Europe are the largest consuming regions of phthalic anhydride, accounting for 39% of world consumption respectively.
	www.marketresearch.com /product/display.asp?productid=852241&xs=r (131 words)

	Phthalic Anhydride Price Report - Chemical pricing information - ICIS Pricing
		ICIS pricing's phthalic anhydride price reports are an essential source of intelligence for market participants involved in this dynamic market and related industries.
		Each phthalic anhydride report has spot pricing, contract prices and pertinent market trend data specific to regions.
		The ICIS pricing phthalic anhydride price reports are issued at the close of business on Friday.
	www.icispricing.com /il_shared/Chemicals/SubPage520.asp (114 words)

	Phthalic Anhydride Price Report - Chemical pricing information - ICIS-LOR
		ICIS-LOR's phthalic anhydride price reports are an essential source of intelligence for market participants involved in this dynamic market and related industries.
		Each phthalic anhydride report has spot pricing, contract prices and pertinent market trend data specific to regions.
		The ICIS-LOR phthalic anhydride price reports are issued at the close of business on Friday.
	www.icislor.com /il_shared/Chemicals/SubPage520.asp (111 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		The anhydrides of bases are oxides; those of alcohols are ethers.
		an anhydride formed by dehydration of an acid or one that forms an acid upon hydration; if bimolecular, it can be composed of two molecules of the same acid (e.g., acetic anhydride or pyrophosphate), or it can be a mixed anhydride.
		an acid anhydride composed of two different acids, e.g., adenosine triphosphate or an aminoacyl adenylate.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_a_42zPzhtm (2053 words)

	Phthalic anhydride
		Phthalic anhydride is a solid of a characteristic odour.
		Phthalic anhydride is produced as liquid or flakes.
		Phthalic anhydride irritates the skin (especially the moistened skin).
	www.agrofertnorden.com /products/phthalic.htm (67 words)

	Koppers - Phthalic Anhydride
		Koppers strives to be the most valued supplier of phthalic anhydride to the industries we serve.
		Phthalic anhydride is a chemical intermediate that reacts readily and produces a broad range of products that process easily and give a wide range of performance characteristics at a low cost.
		The majority of the phthalic anhydride produced by Koppers is derived from internally produced naphthalene.
	www.koppers.com /htm/PandS_CMaC_Phth.html (175 words)

	Uralchimprom. Phthalic anhydride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Uralchimprom Co Ltd. (Perm, Russia) is one of the biggest suppliers of Phthalic Anhydride, grade A, in Russia.
		For the years of its activity Uralchimprom Co Ltd. has won a reputation of a reliable partner and the quality of Phthalic Anhydride has been recognized very high according to estimation of independent examinations.
		Phthalic anhydride (liquid) is transported in special r/w tanks.
	www.uralchimprom.ru /english.htm (238 words)

	Phthalic Anhydride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Phthalic Anhydride in North America and the Caribbean
		Phthalic Anhydride in the Middle East, Central and South Asia
		Phthalic Anhydride in South East Asia and Oceania
	www.gobi.co.uk /page65.htm (26 words)

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