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	Phycobilin - Health Encyclopedia
		The latter phycobilin is a photoreceptor pigment associated with chlorophyll, enabling red algae to be photosynthetically efficient in deep water where blue light predominates.
		The viability of the cyanobacterial cells after experimen- tation was confirmed by analysing phycoeyrthrin autofluorescence (this phycobilin is dispersed rapidly upon cell lysis) using a Nikon Microphot-FXA fluo- rescence microscope.
		Viability checks using phycoerythrin autofluorescence (this phycobilin is dispersed rapidly upon lysis) and performed with a Nikon Microphot-FXA fluorescence microscope revealed that cell viability was >95% both before titration and throughout the titration range of interest.
	www.steadyhealth.com /encyclopedia/Phycobilin (213 words)

	Phycobilin Information
		Phycobilins are photosynthetic pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae, glaucophytes and some cryptomonads (though not in green algae and higher plants).
		Chemically, phycobilins consist of an open chain of four pyrrole rings (tetrapyrrole) and are structurally similar to the bile pigment bilirubin.
		The phycobilins fluoresce at a particular wavelength, and are therefore often used in research as chemical tags, e.g.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Phycobilin (299 words)

	phycobilin - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 12 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word phycobilin:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "phycobilin" is defined.
		phycobilin : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?ls=a&w=phycobilin (117 words)

	phycobilins
		There are two classes of phycobilins and they occur only in Cyanobacteria and Rhodophyta.
		Phycobilins are not only useful to the organisms which use them for soaking up light energy; they have also found use as research tools.
		The light produced by this fluorescence is so distinctive and reliable, that phycobilins may be used as chemical tags.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/phycobilin.html (229 words)

	Palaeos Eukarya: Glossary P-T
		phycobilin: a class of light-sensitive ligands bound to phycobiliproteins and used as accessory light-gathering pigments in algae.
		The detailed structure of four phycobilins commonly found in algae are shown in the figure.
		The phycobilisome is so arranged that a very broad range of light frequencies can be modulated by the phycobilin pigments and the energy transferred to chlorophyll in the light reactions of photosystem II (located inside the thylakoid membrane) as shown in the figure.
	www.palaeos.com /Eukarya/Lists/EuGlossary/EuGlossaryP.htm (1749 words)

	phycocyanobilin Search Results From Healthline (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phycobilins are similar in structure to bile pigments.
		Chlorophyll b and phycobilins in the common ancestor of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts : Abstract...
		Phycobilin biosynthesis: Algal heme oxygenase is a soluble enzyme from Cyanidium caldarium that catalyzes the first committed step of phycobilin biosynthes...
	www.healthline.com /search?q1=phycocyanobilin&imuid=8131775 (213 words)

	APPROACHES FOR SCALING UP THE BIOCOLORANT PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF FRESH WATER CYANOBACTERIA
		Analysis of phycobilins in four species of cyanobacteria reveals that in cyanobacteria the concentration of phycobilins is species-dependent.
		Further, the reduction in the phycobilins noticed in Oscillatoria proves that this organism is highly sensitive to high light conditions.
		The reduction in phycobilins in these three organisms under combined stresses compared to high light stress given alone indicates that the action of light in the synthesis of phycobilins is hindered by glyphosate.
	www.osmania.ac.in /MicroBiology/16p02.htm (901 words)

	HMS Student Papers 1994 - Effects of nitrogen stress on photosynthetic pigments of the subtidal red algae, Rhodymenia ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phycobilins, accessory photosynthetic pigments, are often degraded under nitrate stress because of their high nitrogen content.
		Phycobilin levels in the thalli in all treatments decreased significantly among weeks and treatments.
		Additional thalli were grown in natural seawater with identidal experimental conditions; their phycobilin levels decreased less markedly over time.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/miller/student_papers/1994_16.html (298 words)

	Allophycocyanin at AllExperts
		Allophycocyanin is an accessory pigment to bacteriochlorophyll and is part of the phycobilin accessory pigment family, along with phycocyanin and phycoerythrin.
		All phycobilins, short for phycobiliproteins, are water soluble and therefore cannot exist within the membrane like carotenoids, but aggregate forming clusters that adhere to the membrane called phycobilisomes.
		Phycobilin pigments have fluorescent properties that are used in immunoassay kits.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/al/allophycocyanin.htm (182 words)

	Effect of diuron on phycobilin complexes of representatives of the genus Nostoc Vauch. ex Born. et Flah. - ...
		Effect of diuron on phycobilin complexes of representatives of the genus Nostoc Vauch.
		It has been established that in objects with the highest capacity for photoheterotrophy (by productivity) the content of phycobiliproteins under test conditions essentially increased, while in objects with a lesser suitability to such a type of nutrition the pigment accumulation proceeded less intensely.
		Physiological adaptation of the pigment apparatus in algae is confirmed by a compensatory increase in photosystem II (PS II) activity, intensification of the phycobilin pigments testifying to this fact.
	www.begellhouse.com /journals/7dd4467e7de5b7ef,48904d884a683cb9,3c630cc876bb942d.html (178 words)

	Phycobilin --PHYCOERYTHROBILIN MOLECULE
		Phycobilins include the blue-green pigment phycocyanin and the red pigment phycoerythrin.
		The metal-free red phycobilin pigment functions as a light-absorbing substance together with chlorophylls.
		The red light waves that activate green chlorophyll pigments do not penetrate the deeper water of the photic zone; hence, green algae cannot survive at this depth.
	www.worldofmolecules.com /colors/phycobilin.htm (123 words)

	HMS Student Papers 1994 - Effects of nitrogen stress on photosynthetic pigments of the subtidal red algae, Rhodymenia ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Phycobilins, accessory photosynthetic pigments, are often degraded under nitrate stress because of their high nitrogen content.
		Phycobilin levels in the thalli in all treatments decreased significantly among weeks and treatments.
		All thalli except for those in natural seawater began to turn green at their tips after approximately two weeks; this green tissue was very weak and degraded when it was touched.
	library.stanford.edu /depts/miller/student_papers/1994_16.html (298 words)

	Explanation of Cyanobacrteria
		Center of the protoplasm of cyanobacteria is transparent, but possess the chromosome and there is a colored area around it.
		The consistences of the color are chlorophyll, carotenoid and phycobilin (chromoprotein), and it called photosynthetic lamella.
		Phycobilin contains phycocyanin (blue color) and phycoerythrin (red color), but usually, it contains phycocyanin much higher than phycoerythrin.
	www.pyrrol.com /e_page/pyrrol_4.html (667 words)

	SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM
		It has been suggested by several authors that the in vivo fluorescence of phycobilins can be used for the tracking the distribution of cyanobacteria.
		In the Baltic Sea the origins of phycobilin fluorescence are, however, multiple, and thus a straightforward conversion of cyanobacterial bloom intensity from the phycobilin fluorescence reading is an impossible task.
		As an example; the variability in phycobilin fluorescence during cyanobacterial bloom in the Baltic Sea is shown.
	www.nessling.fi /symposiot/baltic/Seppala.html (231 words)

	Impacts of a recurrent resuspension event and variable phytoplankton community composition on remote sensing reflectance
		We evaluated several currently employed chlorophyll algorithms and demonstrated that the main factor compromising the efficacy of these algorithms was the composition of phytoplankton populations.
		As phycobilin-containing algae became the dominant species, chlorophyll algorithms that use traditional blue/green reflectance ratios were compromised due to the high absorption of green light by phycobilin pigments.
		This is a notable difficulty in coastal areas, which have highly variable phytoplankton composition and are often dominated by sharp fronts of phycobilin and non-phycobilin containing algae.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2002JC001575.shtml (417 words)

	phycobilin - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Phycobilins (from Greek : φύκος (phykos) meaning "alga", and from Latin : bilis meaning "bile") are chromophores (light-capturing molecules) found in cyanobacteria and in the...
		phycobilin - definition of phycobilin by the Free Online Dictionary...
		Pigments are chemical compounds which reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light.
	encarta.msn.com /phycobilin.html (129 words)

	phycobilin - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Phycobilins (from Greek : φύκος (phykos) meaning "alga", and from Latin : bilis meaning "bile") are chromophores (light-capturing molecules) found in cyanobacteria and in the...
		Phycobilin definition, words related to phycobilin, proper usage and pronunciation of the word phycobilin from YourDictionary.com.
		phycobilin - definition of phycobilin by the Free Online Dictionary...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /phycobilin.html (126 words)

	Phycobilin - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Phycobilin: group of bilelike, proteinaceous pigments found in algae.
		Phycobilin: Open chain tetrapyrroles that function as light harvesting chromophores in PHYCOBILIPROTEINS.
		The following list attempts to classify Phycobilin into categories where each line is subset of the next.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/phycobilin.htm (202 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Brightfield Gallery - Polysiphonia Red Algae
		While there are more than 4,000 catalogued species of red algae worldwide, most are found in tropical marine waters, and only a few are freshwater species.
		Polysiphonia, a common genus of marine red algae, is red in color because of the pigment phycobilin, which masks the green color of the chlorophyll responsible for photosynthesis.
		As a red-colored plant, Polysiphonia is well suited to absorb the green and blue-green light that typically penetrates the deeper seawater where these red algae thrive.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/brightfield/polysiphonia.html (409 words)

	Related issues to the color of water
		While the Red Sea may have gotten its name from periodic blooms of Trichodesmium erythraceum, the aquatic disaster, red tide, is not caused by cyanobacteria, but instead by dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta).
		The relative abundance of phycobilin pigments explain the color of cyanobacteria en masse.
		Microscopically, the phycocyanin (blue) pigment in combination with the chlorophyll a and the accessory pigments lead to a bluish-green color...hence the common name: blue-green algae.Species of cyanobacteria differ in their ratios of phyocyanin and phycoerythrin.
	webexhibits.org /causesofcolor/5D.html (886 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Confocal Gallery - Red Algae
		Most are multicellular marine varieties that predominantly inhabit tropical and subtropical areas, though some are unicellular and prefer different habitats.
		The color of red algae, which is sometimes blue rather than red, is due to the presence of phycobilin pigments.
		These accessory pigments aid in photosynthesis and mask the green chlorophyll pigments also present in the algae.
	www.olympusconfocal.com /gallery/plants/redalgaelarge.html (106 words)

	Spirulina
		These pigments, called phycobilins, include phycocyanin and allophycocyanin.
		Phycobilins are similar in structure to bile pigments such as bilirubin.
		In the spirulina cell, phycobilins are attached to proteins; the phycobilin-protein complex is called phycobiliprotein.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/spi_0239.shtml (1105 words)

	Amazon.com: phycobilin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The structure of the phycobilins by Colm OÌ hEocha (Unknown Binding - 1962)
		found in red algae, the phycobilins, are reddish and absorb light...
		pigments, such as carotenoids and phycobilins, are also involved in capturing...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=phycobilin&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (1002 words)

	Pigment Ink
		Like plants, the cyanobacteria use water as an electron donor for photosynthesis and therefore liberate oxygen; they also use chlorophyll a as pigment.
		In addition, most cyanobacteria use phycobilin to capture light energy and pass it on to the chlorophylls.
		Red algae and glaucophytes also use phycobilin, but green algae do not.
	www.breadlike.com /pages7/65/pigment-ink.html (668 words)

	Expression and characterization of cyanobacterium heme oxygenase, a key enzyme in the phycobilin synthesis: Properties ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Expression and characterization of cyanobacterium heme oxygenase, a key enzyme in the phycobilin synthesis
		Beale, S.I. and Cornejo, J. (1991) Biosynthessis of phycobilins.
		Cornejo, J. and Beale, S.I. (1997) Phycobilin biosynthetic reactions in extracts of cyanobacteria.
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/270/4/687 (6270 words)

	Pugetia taxonomy
		Most red algae photosynthesize the sun's energy for sustenance utilizing pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll d, phycobilins and carotenoids.
		Despite the variety in form and function, they all share a few key features that are characteristic of Florideophyceae.
		Such traits include multicellular thalli, simple chloroplasts with phycobilin pigments, oogamous reproduction, and pit plugs.
	www.mbari.org /staff/conn/botany/reds/pugetia/taxonomy.htm (945 words)

	Phycobilin - Palaeos (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, unlike chlorophyll, the pyrrole rings are laid out linearly.
		The phycobilins have light absorption maxima which vary considerably depending on their exact chemical environment.
		It is also wrong to assume that any particular phycobilin species is exclusively bound to the phycobiliprotein with a similar name.
	www.palaeos.org /Phycobilin (101 words)

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