| | Pinales |
 | | Araucariaceae + Phyllocladaceae + Podocarpaceae + Sciadopityaceae + Cupressaceae + Cephalotaxaceae + Taxaceae: calcium oxalate crystals numerous, extracellular; phloem stratified, sclereids 0; mitochondrial nadI gene intron 2 lost, two duplications in the PHYO clade. |
 | | Araucariaceae + Phyllocladaceae + Podocarpaceae: roots with nodules; prothallial cells divide [Phyllocladaceae?]; one ovule/scale; proembryo with 5 or 6 free-nuclear divisions; 2nd intron in nad1 lost. |
 | | Phyllocladaceae + Podocarpaceae: sclereids numerous, with large lumen; microsporophylls with two sporangia; pollination droplet +; male gametophytes with 3-6(-8) prothallial cells, sperm cell binucleate, whether or not one nucleus is extruded; proembryo [E tier] cells binucleate. |
| www.mobot.org /MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/conifers.html (3093 words) |