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Topic: Physical Address Extension

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	Physical Address Extension - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		PAE is provided by Intel Pentium Pro and above CPUs (including all later Pentium-series processors except the 400MHz bus versions on the Pentium M), as well as by some compatible processors such as those from AMD.
		The CPUID flag PAE is assigned for the purpose of identifying CPUs with this capability.
		The processor hardware is augmented with additional address lines used to select the additional memory, and 36 bit page tables, but regular application software continues to use instructions with 32 bit addresses and a flat memory model limited to 4 gigabytes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Physical_Address_Extension (294 words)

	Physical Address Extension - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In computing, Physical Address Extension (PAE) allows for up to 64 gigabytes of memory to be used in 32 bit systems, given appropriate operating system support.
		PAE is provided by Intel Pentium Pro and above CPUs (including all Pentium-series processors except the original Pentium and the Pentium MMX), as well as by some compatible processors such as those from AMD.
		On Microsoft Windows this mechanism is the Address Windowing Extension (AWE), while on Unix systems a variety of tricks are used, none having been blessed as a standard.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /PAE (256 words)

	Kit Chow's Weblog : Weblog
		The size of the Solaris Kernel address space has had to be increased due to various Kernel address space exhaustion problems which included bug 4979763.
		The 32 bit virtual address space is split at the 'kernelbase' variable with the User address space occupying the virtual space below kernelbase and the Kernel virtual address space occupying the space above.
		PAE (Physical Address Extension), in 32 bit processors, provides for an additional 4 physical address bits to address up to 64 Gigabytes (36 address bits) of physical memory.
	blogs.sun.com /roller/page/kchow/20050613 (577 words)

	Explore the Linux memory model
		The physical address may be different from the logical address, in which case the memory management unit translates the logical address into a physical address.
		The physical address of the actual memory location is the sum of the offset and the base address values.
		Thus, the maximum amount of physical memory that could be handled by the kernel was the amount that could be mapped into kernel's virtual address space minus the space needed to map the kernel code itself.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/library/l-memmod?ca=dnl (4296 words)

	PAE - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Physical Address Extension, a central processing unit capability.
		An airport in Everett, Washington with the IATA airport code of PAE, see Paine Field.
		Provisional Admission Exercise, an interim exercise/period in Singapore education.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/PAE (128 words)

	Exploring Windows 2000 Memory > INTEL i386 MEMORY MANAGEMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although the 8086 was able to address 1 MB of Random Access Memory (RAM), an application could never "see" the entire physical address space because of the restriction of the CPU's address registers to 16 bits.
		Basically, a physical address is the voltage pattern measurable at the address bus pins of the CPU chip.
		The only linear address found in Figures 4-3 and 4-4 is the box in the lower left corner specifying the address to be converted to an offset inside a physical page.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=167857&redir=1 (3806 words)

	PAE (”Physical address extension”) in 2.6 kernel and per process memory limit?? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		PAE (”Physical address extension”) in 2.6 kernel and per process memory limit??
		I am running some memory intensive simulations on an Xeon machine with 8 GB of ram (kernel 2.6.8 w/ "Physical address extension" / High memory support).
		The OS sees all the physical memory but each process can’t allocate more that 3 GB.
	kerneltrap.org /node/3816/print (75 words)

	Defeating Memory Limitations
		The Physical Address Extension (PAE) + capability of the &intel; &pentium; Pro and later CPUs + allows memory configurations of up to 64 gigabytes.
		It should also be + noted, that the PAE support in &os; has + not received wide testing, and should be considered beta + quality compared to other stable features of &os;.
		KLD modules cannot be loaded into + a PAE enabled kernel, due to the + differences in the build framework of a module and the + kernel.
	people.freebsd.org /~hmp/patches/kernelconfig-PAE.diff (583 words)

	Address Windowing Extensions and Microsoft Windows 2000 DataCenter Server (Memory Technical Articles)
		The address space is usually split so that 2 GB of address space is directly accessible to the application, and the other 2 GB is only accessible to the Windows 2000 executive software.
		This article addresses memory space issues in Windows 2000 Datacenter, focusing on the Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) API set, which allows user applications to use physical non-paged memory beyond the 32-bit virtual address space and to have window views to this physical memory from within the applicationÃ‚Â’s virtual address space.
		In these cases, physical memory is being used to cache references to, and compensate for, the much larger latencies inherent in mass storage devices.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/dngenlib/html/awewindata.asp?frame=true (3920 words)

	Physical Address Extension - PAE Memory and Windows
		PAE is an Intel-provided memory address extension that enables support of greater than 4 GB of physical memory for most 32-bit (IA-32) Intel Pentium Pro and later platforms.
		Although support for PAE memory is typically associated with support for more than 4 GB of RAM, PAE can be enabled on Windows XP SP2, Windows Server 2003, and later 32-bit versions of Windows to support hardware enforced Data Execution Prevention (DEP).
		Double buffering occurs for a given transfer if the physical address of the DMA memory is at an address higher than the adapter can reach.
	www.microsoft.com /whdc/system/platform/server/PAE/PAEdrv.mspx (3333 words)

	[No title]
		The system must detect situations in which an address references an object that is on disk and must therefore perform the hidden swap-in automatically.
		In particular, }{\i\f0\insrsid6704055 virtual contiguity}{\f0\insrsid6704055 creates the impression that two addresses are adjacent in main memory, while in reality they are an arbitrary number of physical locations apart from one another.
		The amount of physical memory to execute a system must exceed the working set by the amount of memory necessary for all other system functions.
	web.cecs.pdx.edu /~herb/cs333s04/vmm.doc (1267 words)

	Physical Address Extension - PAE Design
		PAE - Physical Address Extension - is an Intel-provided memory address extension that enables processors to expand the number of bits that can be used to address physical memory from 32 bits to 36 bits, through support in the host operating system for applications using the Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) API.
		PAE support of up to 64 GB of physical memory for applications running on most 32-bit (IA-32) Intel Pentium Pro and later platforms.
		PAE is supported only on 32-bit versions of the Windows family of operating systems.
	www.microsoft.com /whdc/system/platform/server/pae/default.mspx (144 words)

	The Linux kernel: Memory
		Traditionally, one has physical memory, that is, memory that is actually present in the machine, and virtual memory, that is, address space.
		The present situation on a Pentium with more than 4 GB is that using the PAE (Physical Address Extension) it is possible to place the addressable 4 GB anywhere in the available memory, but it is impossible to have access to more than 4 GB at once.
		Addressing goes in two stages: a logical address determined by segment and offset is translated into a linear address, and next the linear address is translated into a physical address.
	www.win.tue.nl /~aeb/linux/lk/lk-9.html (2644 words)

	PAE36 and Linux Virtual Memory System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Addresses were computed using the value in a segment register as the base of an address, plus an offset value in the following way: physical addr.
		Even though the physical address space is now 36 bits, the size of the logical address space, and the maximum segment size remain unchanged from the i386 at 64TB and 4GB respectively.
		Even though pointers are still only 32-bits wide, the kernel can access all of physical memory by changing the values in the top-level directory (pgd) or by changing the base address of the pgd by moving a new value into register CR3[PPR].
	www.prism.gatech.edu /~gte213x/LinuxMM/rpt.html (1282 words)

	Windows rootkits of 2005, part two
		In short, physical memory size is defined by the amount of physically installed RAM, and virtual memory size is defined by the width of the processor's address bus.
		Thus, with a 32 bit processor we are capable of addressing a maximum of 2^32 bytes, or 4 gigabytes of virtual memory.
		Since the virtual address space may be larger than the physical address space, it is possible that a process' demand for memory may exceed the amount of memory that is physically available.
	www.securityfocus.com /infocus/1851 (2922 words)

	LinuxRamLimits - spack.org/wiki
		It does this by supporting Intel's PAE (Physical Address Extension) features which are in all Pentium Pro and newer CPU's.
		The PAE extensions allow up to a maximum of 64GB of physical memory that the CPU (not a process) can address.
		PAE extends physical addresses only (to 36 bits), and does nothing for virtual space.
	www.spack.org /wiki/LinuxRamLimits (2188 words)

	PAE (”Physical address extension”) in 2.6 kernel and per process memory limit??
		Just don't try to address more than 4G with 32 bit CPUs, because 4G is the highest address, you can encode in said 32 bits.
		If you are desperate, you can try page-flipping techniques, to squeeze just the parts of the memory into your address space, which you really need at that time, e.g.
		Anyway, PAE just helps the kernel to address physical 64G, but this does not change the in-application register width limits; the kernel operates with 4k-pages internally, and even there highmem support (i.e.
	kerneltrap.org /node/3816 (936 words)

	Memory over 3GB on NetWare - CoolSolutionsWiki
		Newer AMD CPU's support 37-bit addressing, which allows a maximum of 128GB of RAM, but NetWare is not compiled to support it.
		Physical memory is the memory BIOS reports to the OS as in the 0-4GB range.
		Note that not all bioses will remap the PCI address range to extended memory - in many case the memory in the PCI range will be simply unusable.
	wiki.novell.com /index.php/Memory_over_3GB_on_NetWare (689 words)

	Linux kernel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Device drivers and kernel extensions typically run in ring 0, with full access to the hardware, although some run in user space.
		However, most panics are the result of unhandled processor exceptions in kernel code, such as references to invalid memory addresses.
		Because of the extensions to C it supports, GCC was for a long time the only compiler capable of correctly building a Linux kernel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linux_kernel (2749 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Scarceness of physical (real) memory was caused by the high cost; the original implementation of core memories bore a high price tag due to the manual labor involved.
		Resident: Attribute of memory object referenced by executing code: Object is physically in memory, then it is resident, or is not in memory, then it is non-resident.
		In particular, virtual contiguity creates the impression that two addresses are adjacent in main memory, while in reality they are an arbitrary number of physical locations apart from one another.
	web.cecs.pdx.edu /~herb/cs201s03/vmm.doc (1119 words)

	[No title]
		Linux kernel internals book: chapter 2: memory addressing outline: IA segmentation overview how linux uses it paging and other hw how linux uses paging 8086 (Intel Architecture) oriented.
		memory mgmt: chapter 2: memory addressing chapter 7: how kernel allocates memory to itself chapter 8: how "linear addresses" are assigned to processes note: linear address is Intel-speak.
		logical address (segmented addressing) segmented address: address is sum of which segment + which offset we load segmentation register, and instructions are relative to that segment (e.g., for code or data) this allows code relocation in memory.
	www.cs.pdx.edu /~jrb/ui/linux/chap2.txt (668 words)

	How to configure SQL Server to use more than 2 GB of physical memory
		Note You cannot allocate more than 4 GB of physical memory to an application on Windows 2000 Server because Physical Address Extension (PAE) is not available on Microsoft Windows 2000 Server.
		The maximum amount of physical memory addressable by a 32-bit addressing mode is 4 GB.
		PAE allows up to 8 GB of physical memory on Windows 2000 Advanced Server and up to 32 GB of physical memory on Windows 2000 Datacenter Server.
	support.microsoft.com /?id=274750 (1278 words)

	physical address extension - FileFront Gaming Forums
		I'm not sure what the physical address extension bit is all about offhand, though it wouldn't surprise me if it's related to the 64-bit-ness of your CPU, or is an aspect of Windows I haven't encountered yet.
		The "physical address extension" didn't show up until i had added the second group of memory (corsair).
		It is just a strange coincident that i had to re-activate windows and saw the "physical address extension" show up.
	forums.filefront.com /showthread.php?t=228024 (1068 words)

	Physical Address Extension (PAE)
		To boot the system and utilize PAE memory, it will be necessary add the “/PAE” switch to the corresponding entry in the BOOT.INI file.
		All physical memory is treated as general-purpose memory, so no new APIs are needed to access I/O above the 4 GB physical memory address.
		If your hardware does not support PAE, or if the problem persists and you continue to believe that PAE may be the cause, disable PAE by removing the /PAE parameter from the Boot.ini file.
	www.osronline.com /ddkx/appendix/pae_3oyn.htm (2130 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Physical Address Extension provides the possibility to map physical memory into your process virtual memory address space.
		At any given time, you can still have just 2 GB mapped (3 GB with the /3GB option; see the preceding question for limitations of this option with this version of WebLogic JRockit); that is, you have to re-use a portion of the virtual address space to map different portions of the physical address space.
		PAE works well with applications that can jointly control mapping and memory access.
	e-docs.bea.com /wljrockit/docs81/dev_faq.html (1571 words)

	Processors - How much system RAM can be cached? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Current Intel®; processors can cache up to 64 GB of RAM using a Physical Address Extension (PAE) available with all current IA-32 processors, which is an amount well above the RAM capabilities of current motherboards.
		The implementation of PAE is dependent on the operating system, as is the RAM addressibility.
		The actual physical address size of IA-32 processors supporting Intel EM64T is implementation specific.
	support.intel.com /support/processors/sb/CS-001617.htm (169 words)

	Nocona bugs - hardCOREware Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The 64-bit extensions architecture expands physical address extension (PAE) paging structures to potentially support mapping a 64-bit linear address into a 52-bit physical address.
		In the first implementation of the 64-bit extension technology, PAE paging structures are extended to support translation of a 48-bit linear address into a 40-bit physical address.
		The document is rife with references to the supposed 40-bit physical address space, which doesn't exist in Nocona.
	www.hardcoreware.net /forum/showthread.php?t=17299 (240 words)

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