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Topic: Physical attractiveness stereotype

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	Report by Sarah Nestor
		The study found that adults' evaluations of a child who commits a serious transgression differ as a function of the child's physical attractiveness and that adult evaluators are less likely to attribute chronic, antisocial behavioral disposition to attractive than unattractive children.
		Subjects were asked to scale (a) the likelihood that the child had committed a similar harmful act in the past and the likelihood that he would do it again; (b) the undesirability of the offense; and (c) the intensity of the punishment advocated for the child.
		In the severe transgression condition, the behavior of unattractive children was more commonly described as antisocial than the behavior of attractive children, attractive children were judged less likely to commit a similar offense in the future, and unattractive children were perceived as more dishonest than attractive children.
	www.princeton.edu /~psy312/Reports/nestor.shtml (749 words)

	Physical attractiveness stereotype - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The physical attractiveness stereotype is a term that psychologists use to refer to the tendency to assume that people who are physically attractive also possess other socially desirable personality traits.
		The stereotype acts as a self-fulfilling prophecy where the perception of attractive people as more valuable members of society leads to their receiving preferential treatment, positive feedback and tangible benefit.
		Studies have found that attractiveness does correlate positively with some traits such as personal income, social skills and self-confidence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Physical_attractiveness_stereotype (228 words)

	DOES OUR LEVEL OF ATTRACTIVENESS SHAPE OUR PERCEIVED PERSONALITY?
		Although a positive correlation was found, the author emphasized that the relationship occurring between individual’s physical attractiveness and measures of personality and mental ability, was a trivial one.
		Further research conducted is suggesting that personality traits are not only assigned to individuals based on their attractiveness, but that physical appearance has a direct affect on personality.
		A 3 x 2 mixed design ANOVA was calculated to examine the effects of the levels of attractiveness of the male photos (attractive, neutral, and unattractive) on the sex of the participants.
	clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu /manuscripts/287.asp (2011 words)

	P324 Spring 1998 --Physical Attraction & Attributions
		Notwithstanding, the aforementioned positive affects of physical attraction are somewhat underscored by research conducted by Hatfield and Sprecher (1986).
		Furthermore, the more attractive persons rely solely on their appearance – which will inevitably wane with the passage of time – the less galvanized they will be to develop in other ways.
		Since juries are considered to be small groups, combined with the aforementioned individual studies, it is evident that physical attractiveness has the power to influence both the individual and groups in powerful ways.
	www.units.muohio.edu /psybersite/attraction/attributions.shtml (758 words)

	Report by Elizabeth Epstein
		A severe transgression of an attractive child was less likely than that of an unattractive child to be seen as a display of chronic antisocial behavior.
		A transgression, mild or severe, of an attractive child was less socially undesirable than the same transgression of an unattractive child.
		Nonetheless, the fact that physical attractiveness affected neither whether a child who committed a mild transgression was judged to have a chronic antisocial disposition nor the intensity of the punishment advocated for the transgression shows that perceptual confirmation is not everything.
	www.princeton.edu /~psy312/Reports/epstein.shtml (426 words)

	Physical Appearance
		This paper proposes that physical appearance is a major factor in the development of personality, because people form opinions by what they see in a person physically, and respond to that person accordingly.
		He is able to prove that that physical attractiveness does indeed play a role in shaping a personality, but his assertion that this is the most influential factor that influences environment is not so easily accepted.
		Attractive people would, by this theory, develop more "desirable" personalities, and with the combination of a good personality and good looks, would most likely be more popular than those not possessing such traits.
	www.personalityresearch.org /papers/popkins2.html (4568 words)

	Psy 630 Miami University
		The current study represents a refreshing and necessary extension to this body of literature, by suggesting that physical attractiveness must be studied from a multidimensional perspective, reflecting an emerging trend in the field toward more fine-grained analysis of social issues.
		Research on social perception and stereotypes (Fiske, 1992; Stangor and Lange, 1994) points out that although a single continuum of physical attractiveness may help simplify the world, the use of multiple looks dimensions allows perceivers to be more sensitive to the detailed nature of the physical attractiveness stereotype.
		Results indicate the existence of a three-dimensional model of female physical attractiveness (it was not possible to depict subjects’ perceptions of the 96 fashion models in terms of a single continuum).
	www.users.muohio.edu /shermarc/p630kd2.shtml (910 words)

	Berscheid & Walster: Physical Attractiveness
		The authors feel that research into physical attractiveness has been lacking because sociilogists have disregarded is as an important variable or have been uneasy in exploring the deterministic consequences of beauty.
		Physically attractive dates were preferred by everyone, though people of less attractiveness tended to choose less attractive dates than highly attractive individuals.
		Interestingly, while physical attractiveness appears to be the biggest correlator and predictor, it rarely appears as most important when directly asked of subjects.
	faculty.babson.edu /krollag/org_site/soc_psych/berscheid_attract.html (873 words)

	Eddy Elmer's Diary: Double standard on physical attractiveness
		Physically attractive people seem also to be more more satisfied with their lives and consider themselves happier than do their less attractive counterparts (most likely because physical attractiveness gives them the kinds of benefits that lead to social and vocational success).
		Physically attractive people with psychological disturbance are judged to be more maladjusted and to have a poorer prognosis than less physically attractive people with the same psychological disturbance (Cash, Kehr, Polyson, and Freeman, 1977).
		In other words, their desire for physical attractiveness is given "free reign"—the same kind of free reign that heterosexual men would have if they were not constrained by the biologically-based need and urge to procreate.
	www.eddyelmer.com /diary/2003_Oct_31_diary.htm (7180 words)

	Mastah Eljay’s VOX
		Physical attractiveness often misleads people into making assumptions about a person you have only seen, as one thing depending on their physical attractiveness.
		The Physical attractiveness stereotype explains how if a man or women was to see somebody they see as attractive, by a stereotype they will be lead to believe that the person is very nice and appealing.
		In the attached photo, is a generally physically attractive woman which I leave you to decide what you think of her inward personality.
	mastaheljay.vox.com (1456 words)

	Com 201 Synthesis Paper Example
		Through factors of attractiveness including gender, body size and age, it is apparent that physical attractiveness affects success in three areas of life- popularity, perceptions of performance and social interaction.
		Although physical attractiveness played a role relationship status and virginity, it was unrelated to the number of partners nonvirgins had in their lifetime.
		Physical attractiveness outweighed academic skills in the study by Boyatzis et al.
	www4.cord.edu /csta/buslig/201Ppr2Exmpl.html (2165 words)

	Document
		Stereotypes have long been thought to create social problems because they are inherently inaccurate and exert powerful influences on person perception.
		Thus, in contrast to claims that stereotypes are largely inaccurate and exert powerful effects on person perception, we found that stereotypes were largely accurate and had only weak and limited effects on person perception.
		Modern research shows that stereotypes are not always inaccurate and that their effects on person perception are often weak by any standard, but especially when compared to the effects of targets' personal characteristics Jussim, 1991; Kunda and Thagard, 1996).
	www.umich.edu /~psycours/561/madon.htm (9429 words)

	HALO EFFECT: THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TARGET AND PERCEIVER
		The purpose of the present study is to determine the impact of age differences between target and perceiver on the halo effect for physical attractiveness.
		A series of 2 (target: attractive vs. unattractive) X 2 (target age: 18-25 vs. over 50) X 2 (perceiver age: 18-25 vs. over 50) between-subjects factorial ANOVA were calculated comparing the scores of each participant rating a target (see Figure 1) on intellectual competence, social competence, and concern for others.
		A 2 (target: attractive vs. unattractive) X 2 (target age: 18-25 vs. over 50) X 2 (perceiver age: 18-25 vs. over 50) between-subjects factorial ANOVA was calculated comparing the scores of each participant rating the targets on concern for others (see Figures 6 and 7).
	clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu /manuscripts/438.asp (1595 words)

	Phermone Project
		In order to test the affects of pheromones and their affects on women’s divergence of their attractiveness in males, we concluded that it was important to test women who are on a similar menstrual cycle, and to compare those results to when they were not ovulating and producing pheromones.
		Jones hypothesizes that the physical attractiveness found in the opposite sex may be correlated with social status, but extra emphasis is usually given to physical appearance by arriving at a cultural standard of attractiveness.
		By understanding the previous tests, where men and women viewed different facial types and rated their levels of attractiveness, that have been done and literature that has been written, it is clear that there are specific types of males that women will find attractive during ovulation, compared to when they are not.
	jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu /humans_web_04/phermones/phermone.html (6209 words)

	Nexus
		Compared to unattractive counterparts, attractive individuals receive better grades, shorter prison sentences, more positive job reviews, and are considered to be more successful, confident, assertive, and likeable and have better mental/physical health, and social status.
		According to evolutionary psychobiologists (good genes theory, parental investment theory, etc.,) the universality of what is attractive reflects the importance of health assessment in sexual selection or mate choice and is reflected in the visual aspect of the face and body as well as vocal and olfactory attributes.
		Based on subjects' self- reports, Shackelford and Larsen (1999) found that attractive females displayed greater cardiovascular health and were less likely to suffer from headaches or runny noses than unattractive females; however, no significant differences were found between attractive and unattractive groups.
	www.nyu.edu /dental/nexus/issues/spring2005/whatisbeauty.html (2014 words)

	Context and Reasoning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There is a correlation between physical attractiveness (as rated by subjects) and a large number of positive characteristics.
		Physically attractive women did not have higher starting salaries, but they soon earned more than their less attractive counterparts.
		Physically attractive men are more likely to be judged less intelligent.
	www.ou.edu /ouphil/faculty/chris/context.html (1672 words)

	Self-Verification
		By coding and analyzing portions of the interaction, Snyder and his colleagues (1977) concluded that “those (female targets) who were thought to be physically attractive by their perceivers appeared to the observer judges to manifest greater confidence, greater animation, greater enjoyment of the conversation, and greater liking of their partners” (p.
		For example, a woman may resist the sexist stereotype that she knows nothing about the mechanical operation of her automobile, or an African-American man may work harder in college to disconfirm the racist notion that men such as he are intellectually inferior to others.
		Consistent with the procedures of Skrypnek and Snyder (1982), the sum of the stereotyped values of the tasks chosen by perceivers and targets was used as a measure of the masculine or feminine behavior of each participant.
	www.jasnh.com /a10.htm (7794 words)

	stereotype
		Common stereotypes of the past included a variety of allegations about various racial groups (see: racial stereotype and racial profiling) and predictions of behavior based on social status and wealth (See social stereotype).
		For example, the stereotypical devil is a red, impish character with horns and a pitchfork.
		Originally a stereotype was an impression taken from a form of movable lead type and used for printing instead of the original type.
	en.mcfly.org /stereotype (616 words)

	Past Issues - UI Design Newsletter
		Attractive children are viewed as being less naughty than their less attractive peers for the same behaviors [10],
		Not only are attractive, easy-to-use sites rated more credible than frustrating or chaotic ones, users explicitly acknowledge the importance of this characteristic in the evaluation process.
		Stewart, J. Defendant's attractiveness as a factor in the outcome of trials.
	www.humanfactors.com /downloads/mar03.asp (1176 words)

	Influence of Victim Reminders on Public Perception of Guilt or Non-Guilt in A Celebrity Murder Trial
		According to Kassin and Wrightsman (1988) such a defendant's image rests upon the particulars of the crime and whatever social stereotypes are activated in areas such as physical attractiveness, race, social status, etc., e.g., He's an alcoholic, he probably did batter his wife.
		By contrast, whatever negative demographic or physiognomic stereotype the celebrity-defendant theoretically engages may be offset by the public's presumed familiarity with the celebrity.
		We may view the positive celebrity stereotype of Simpson as an equivalent to the "beautiful is good" stereotype and part of the celebrity-defendant advantage.
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/sfischo/oj.html (4068 words)

	Another look at facial disfigurement Journal of Rehabilitation - Find Articles
		Results showed that the attractive victim's paralysis was perceived as significantly less permanent and would take less time to recover than the unattractive victim.
		Interestingly, the attractive person was seen as having more responsibility for his or her accident, perhaps also indicating that attractive people are perceived to have greater control over themselves and their actions than do unattractive persons.
		These types of measures, which are measured in millimeters, also influence perceptions of intelligence, sociability, assertiveness, modesty, fertility, likelihood of an extramarital affair, whether the person is likely to be a beneficiary of self-sacrificial actions (such as loaning money) and desirability for job hiring, sexual intercourse and childbearing.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0825/is_n1_v56/ai_8844427 (610 words)

	Building Character
		You take into consideration their shape, height, sex, race, physical attractiveness, hair, clothing, makeup, cleanliness, facial hair, age, weight, stance, facial expressions, body language, movements, and so on.
		If the character is attractive, believable, and commands respect, players will grow fond of it.
		Good-looking people, according to Brigham (see References at the end of this article), are often assumed by strangers to have other positive traits such as being "poised, independent, sociable, interesting, exciting, and sexually warm." On the other hand, unattractive people are apparently seen by strangers as more "deviant," according to Jones and his colleagues.
	www.gamasutra.com /features/20000720/gard_pfv.htm (3720 words)

	ATTRACTION AND INTIMACY
		Mere exposure effect: the tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more and rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them.
		The Matching Phenomenon refers to the tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits.
		The Physical Attractiveness Stereotype: the presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well.
	otel.uis.edu /yoder/myers11_ho.htm (202 words)

	Gamasutra - Features - "Building Character" [07.20.00]
		Not only do people make dozens of snap assumptions based on a person's physical appearance and apparel, they also make strong judgements based on the way people carry themselves and their physical presence.
		Guidelines such as these are just guidelines: ingenuity, humor, and originality require rules to be broken.
		"Physical Attractiveness and Judgments of Psychotherapy." Journal of Social Psychology 105 (1978): 79-84.
	www.gamasutra.com /features/20000720/gard_03.htm (1163 words)

	Marquette University Psychology Update
		Harold Sigall and Nancy Ostrove (1975) presented mock jurors with a case in which a female defendant was accused of one of two kinds of crimes: a swindle in which she persuaded a bachelor to invest $2,200 in a nonexistent company, or a burglary in which she stole $2,200.
		True to the physical attractiveness stereotype, the more attractive defendant was given a more lenient sentence than the unattractive defendant when the crime was burglary.
		Mazzella, R, and Feingold, A. The effects of physical attractiveness, race, socioeconomic status and gender of defendants and victims on judgments of mock jurors: A meta-analysis.
	www.marquette.edu /psyc/undergradnwsltr.htm (7033 words)

	WCC-23 TEXTILES AND APPAREL RESEARCH ABSTRACT, 1997-1999
		Stereotypical images of women did appear in the films; dress and appearance symbols emphasized role portrayals as prostitute, civilizer and help-mate.
		The evidence of the physical attractiveness stereotype in America reveals that there are certain aesthetic standards in judging physical beauty.
		The purpose of this study was to determine what body parts and functions American and Chinese male and female graduate students use in assessing male and female physical attractiveness.
	www.wsu.edu /~salusso/wcc_abs.html (19206 words)

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