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Topic: Physical cosmology

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	Helge Kragh, Construction of Cosmology
		Physical cosmology may reasonably be defined as the kind of cosmology where the matter and radiation content of the universe is in focus, not merely the geometry of space-time and not merely the galactic atoms observed by the astronomer.
		Physical cosmology required more, that the forms of matter and its interactions be taken seriously, and this process only started in the late 1920s when we can see the first beginnings of what a decade later would become early physical cosmology.
		Observational cosmology is more than extragalactic position astronomy and there is no good reason why the study of spectra from distant galaxies or, say, Zwicky's studies of the dynamics of spiral galaxies in the 1930s (the first indication of dark matter), should not be counted as contributions to physical cosmology.
	www.nd.edu /~histast4/exhibits/papers/kragh.html (1976 words)

	Cosmology
		Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole, its evolution and eventual fate.
		This introduction to cosmology examines the very early universe, particle and quantum physics, and fl holes in the context of the origin of structure in the universe.
		In this overview of today's physical cosmology, P.J.E. Peebles shows how observation has combined with theoretical elements to establish the subject as a mature science, while he also discusses the most notable recent attempts to understand the origin and structure of the universe.
	www.scifi-az.com /astronomy/cosmology.htm (1650 words)

	Nancy Wiens St. John Paper
		Physical cosmology pushes to the minute and to the gargantuan in its accounts but still addresses what can be observed in material reality.
		David Wands’ brief summary of cosmology begins, “Four thousand years ago the Babylonians were skilled astronomers who were able to predict the apparent motions of the moon and the stars and the planets and the Sun upon the sky, and could even predict eclipses.”[20] Amid this ancient milieu, the early Israelites chronicled their faith experiences.
		Thinking in terms of physical cosmology, a sacred and profane dichotomy assumes a closed, determined universe that is not permeable to God’s presence and action, and is thus profane.
	www.ctns.org /cosmology_paper.htm (11184 words)

	Cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Observational cosmology is concerned with the physical properties of the Universe, such as chemical composition, density and rate of expansion, distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
		Physical cosmology attempts to explain the properties of observational cosmology by applying the known laws of physics and astrophysics.
		Theoretical cosmology, which we will be exploring here, is concerned with creating models that give a mathematical explanation of the observed properties of the Universe based on discoveries of physical cosmology.
	members.aol.com /spinchaos/PageCos.html (876 words)

	Physical Cosmology - Bibliography
		Progress in nuclear physics, and in understanding how the chemical compositions of stars changed over cosmological time, led to the Hot Big Bang versions of the FRW models.
		An entirely evolutionary picture is being dimly suggested in which primordial physical processes create space, time, matter and the detailed laws of matter from an initial quantum state outside space and time.
		Ties cosmology into the origins of life on earth: valuable background for "Gaia" ideas of the planet as a cosmic being, though this book is entirely mainstream science.
	www.scimednet.org /bibliography/sci_physicalcosmology.htm (836 words)

	The Kosmic Physical
		The Astral Physical Plane is often confused with the larger astral and affective universe, but is a more restricted octave of it, the astral in the physical.
		The Formative or Spiritual Physical represents a vast series of higher spiritual etheric and formative regions, wherein are found the archetypes of the lower octaves, as well as various hierarchies of spiritual or angelic beings.
		Physical, Chthonic, and Hylic It is also suggested that what most occult teachings call the "physical" is not a level beneath the "etheric", but rather the "outer" aspect or perspective of it, incorporating also the outer perspective of the chthonic and hylic.
	www.kheper.net /integral/physical.html (1382 words)

	The Origin And Creation Of The Universe: A Response to Adolf GrÃ¼nbaum
		When a man who is arguably the greatest living philosopher of space and time asserts that the question of creation in physical cosmology is a "pseudo-problem" (GrÃ¼nbaum [1990]), then the philosopher who is interested in natural theology had better sit up and take notice.
		The universe has "always" existed in the sense that there is no past moment of physical time at which it did not exist; but it has not "always" existed in the strong sense of being permanent, since it had a beginning of its existence, and therefore it is sensible to ask for its cause.
		Turning then from classical to quantum cosmology, GrÃ¼nbaum maintains that such models provide no warrant for invoking an external cause for the quantum mechanical vacuum from which the observable universe is supposed to have emerged.
	www.leaderu.com /offices/billcraig/docs/origin.html (2905 words)

	Atlas: Modern cosmology - astronomical, physical and logical approaches by Gyula David
		Cosmology is the physics of the Universe as a whole.
		General models of modern cosmology are based on astronomical observations, well founded physical theories and, to simplify the so obtained mathematical model, aesthetical-philosophical 'a priori' assumptions e.g.
		Cosmology of the following years differs from its earlier image: it will not be a scene of speculations or a whirling set of curious space-times but regular natural science based on facts and measured data.
	atlas-conferences.com /cgi-bin/abstract/caqb-64 (651 words)

	Cosmology: The physical vacuum of space
		But look again in light of what modern physics knows and suspects, and the nature of space emerges as one of the most important "sleeper" issues growing for the last 50 years.
		The state of the art in physics - our deepest current understanding of the world - is embodied in the so-called Standard Model, in which all matter and forces are accounted for by an astonishingly few types of particles (see Sky & Telescope - December 1987, page 582).
		The famous remark that superstring theory is "a piece of 21st- century physics that accidentally fell into the 20th century" captures both the excitement and frustration of workers stuck with 20th-century tools.
	www.astronomycafe.net /cosm/vacuum.html (3152 words)

	CIAR Cosmology Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cosmology as a science began in this century with the development by Einstein of his theory of gravity, or General Relativity, as it is sometimes called.
		This union of gravity, quantum mechanics and thermodynamics is one of the greatest surprises in theoretical physics in the 20th century.
		In addition to links between physical cosmology and gravity which his work on fl holes in galactic nuclei forges, his work also forms a bridge between the formation of the universe and the formation of the planets (especially the one we live on).
	axion.physics.ubc.ca /ciar-cosmology.html (5826 words)

	Wheaton College (Wheaton, IL) - Physics Cosmology and Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		All of these diverse instances of cosmic creation are driven by physical laws, and we will explore how variations in the laws of physics (i.e., alternate realizations of physical law) could lead to other types of universes with other types of astronomical structures.
		The wide acceptance of the expansion ("big bang") model of the universe in the 1960s led physicists to apply quantum theory to the enormously energetic "primeval atom" from which the universe was now assumed to develop.
		is professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Michigan.
	www.wheaton.edu /physics/conferences03 (982 words)

	Eschatology and Scientific Cosmology
		Thus physical cosmology, much more than evolutionary biology, challenges any Christian theology in which eschatology is taken to mean the transformation of the universe into a ‘new creation’.
		It is the interaction between eschatology and cosmology, and the recognition of the absolutely crucial challenge which this brings to Christian theology, which I believe constitute the most important topic for current research in theology and science.
		Thus physics and cosmology might play a profound role in our theological attempt to sort out what is truly essential to creation and what is to be left behind in the healing transformation to come.
	www.ctinquiry.org /publications/russell.htm (9418 words)

	PHY 420 (Selected Topics) Cosmology
		This is an advanced course in the history and present state of cosmology, for junior or senior level students.
		It is intended primarily for physics majors, but should be of interest also to many other students, especially those in the sciences and engineering.
		Prerequisite are PHY 161 and 162 General Physics I and II, PHY 305 and 306 Modern Physics I and II, and Mat 191 and 192 Calculus I and II.
	physics.mercer.edu /curriculum/syllabi/s01/phy420balduz(s01).htm (852 words)

	The Pseudo-Problem of Creation in Physical Cosmology
		The physical cosmologist Jayant Narlikar (1977) is instructively articulate in his confusion of the question of the origin of the universe with the pseudo-problem of its creation.
		We are now ready to examine Lovell's attempt to base a new creation argument on the two most influential physical cosmologies of the twentieth century: the steady-state theory, on the one hand, and the "big bang" cosmogony, on the other.
		The argument that I have developed on the basis of the history of physics from Aristotle to Bondi and Gold could likewise be based on the history of inquiry into the natural possibility of the spontaneous, unperturbed generation of living substances from inorganic materials.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/adolf_grunbaum/problem.html (8513 words)

	The Superstring Store
		This introduction to the physics of cosmology examines at a level appropriate for undergraduates the very early universe, particle and quantum physics, and fl holes in the context of the origin of structure in the universe.
		It successfully bridges the gap between undergraduate and advanced graduate texts by discussing topics of current research, starting from first principles.Throughout this authoritative volume, emphasis is given to the simplest, most intuitive explanation for key equations used by researchers.
		A successor to Peebles's classic volume Physical Cosmology (Princeton, 1971), the book is a comprehensive overview addressed not only to students but also to scientists active in fields outside cosmology.
	superstringtheory.com /store/cosbooks2.html (347 words)

	Why Steven Hawking's Cosmology Precludes a Creator
		Thus if quantum cosmology and theism are both true, it follows both that c(h/e and b) =.99 and that it is not the case that c(h/e and b) =.99.
		Quantum cosmology is false since it includes among its conditions e + b, and omits G. It is not the mere omission of G that renders quantum cosmology a false theory; it is the inclusion of probabilistically irrelevant conditions e and b as the conditions for h.
		Quantum cosmology is thus false for two reasons; it omits a relevant condition of p(h), and it includes only irrelevant conditions of p(h).
	www.philoonline.org /library/smith_1_1.htm (7770 words)

	Amazon.com: Principles of Physical Cosmology: Books: P. J. E. Peebles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Peebles "Physical cosmology is the attempt to make sense of the large-scale nature of the material world around us, by the methods of the natural sciences..." (more)
		Nothing is more badly needed than a solid but accessible book on cosmology, written by an insider who has not lost his or her skepticism, Peeble's new book fills the bill admirably.
		Physical cosmology is the attempt to make sense of the large-scale nature of the material world around us, by the methods of the natural sciences.
	www.amazon.com /Principles-Physical-Cosmology-P-Peebles/dp/0691074283 (1375 words)

	3 Physical Cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The phrase ``physical cosmology'' is generally associated with the large (galaxy and cluster) scale structure of the post-combination epoch where gravitational effects are modeled approximately by Newtonian physics on an uniformly expanding, matter dominated Friedmann-Robertson-Lemaître-Walker (FLRW) background.
		Due to the vast body of literature on numerical simulations of the post-combination epoch, it is possible to mention only a small fraction of all the published papers.
		Hence, the following summary is limited to cover just a few aspects of computational physical cosmology, and in particular those that can potentially be used to discriminate between cosmological model parameters, even within the realm of the standard model.
	relativity.livingreviews.org /Articles/lrr-1998-2/node9.html (166 words)

	Principles of physical cosmology by P. J. E. Peebles \| LibraryThing
		Quantum physics of atoms, molecules, solids, nuclei, and particles by Robert Eisberg (6/31)
		Gravitation and cosmology: principles and applications of the general theory of relativity by Steven Weinberg
		Cosmology, the science of the universe by Edward Harrison
	www.librarything.com /work.php?book=4864 (341 words)

	Theological Misinterpretations of Current Physical Cosmology
		Thus, contrary to Quinn, the steady-state cosmology is indeed logically incompatible with his and Lovell’s claim that divine creative intervention is causally necessary for the nonconservative popping into existence of new matter in the steady-state universe.
		In the present Big Bang context, my argument from physical energy-conservation against the necessity of divine creatio continuans is as follows: Given the pertinent mass- or energy-conservation law of the Friedmann Big Bang dust world, it follows decisively that the physical closure of this universe is causally sufficient for the conservation of its particular mass-energy-content.
		It is of cardinal importance to note vis-à-vis Quinn that the causal sufficiency of the physics for energy-conservation which I have claimed is licensed by the conjunction of the physical energy-conservation law with the physical closure of the universe, not by the physical closure alone.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/adolf_grunbaum/theological.html (8315 words)

	Physical Cosmology
		To talk about physical cosmology, let us first define what cosmology means and what it meant to humans in ancient times.
		Cosmology means the description of our universe as a whole, its origin and its fate.
		To understand modern cosmology and where we might be with respect to further paradigm shifts we have to briefly talk about the most important earlier ones.
	www-ssg.sr.unh.edu /preceptorial/Notes/PhysCosmology.html (5213 words)

	Physical Review D Homepage
		Online PDFs of articles appearing in new volumes of Physical Review Letters, Physical Review and Reviews of Modern Physics are now hyperlinked for more convenient on-screen navigation.
		Physical Review D is a trademark of The American Physical Society.
		Use of APS online journals implies that the user has read and agrees to the Terms and Conditions in the Subscription Agreement.
	prd.aps.org (159 words)

	Cosmology
		Integral Metaphysics / Theory of Everything Cosmology
		But one could distinguish between physical Cosmology, the Cosmology of science and physics (e.g.
		The latter refers not only to the physical universe, but also to all the subtle or non-physical universes as well; the higher realms of existence - psychic, spiritual, and so on - that are beyond the physical
	www.kheper.net /topics/cosmology/index.html (110 words)

	Physical cosmology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modern cosmology developed along tandem observational and theoretical tracks.
		Other possible explanations for dark energy include quintessence or a modification of gravity on the largest scales.
		Particularly suitable for an introductory GR course with an emphasis on cosmology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Physical_cosmology (2511 words)

	What is Theoretical Physical Cosmology?
		Many of the quantities of interest are average properties; consequently, theoretical cosmology deals to a large extent with statistical predictions and measurements.
		There is strong evidence for dark matter implied by, for example, the motions of astronomical objects.
		High redshift supernovae searches are being pursued by the supernova cosmology project and the high-z supernova search (the latter is the source of the figure at left).
	astro.berkeley.edu /~jcohn/tcosmo.html (1286 words)

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