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	Physical Restraint Policy
		Physical escort may be defined as a "touching or holding a student without the use of force for the purpose of directing the student." Physical escort is not physical restraint.
		Physical restraint is limited to the use of such reasonable force as may be necessary to protect a student or other person, from assault or imminent, serious physical harm.
		Restraints which are administered to students pursuant to their Individualized Education Programs, Section 504 Accommodation Plans, or other plan developed in accordance with state and federal law, and which has been agreed upon by both the school and the parent/guardian, shall be deemed to meet the requirements of 603 CRM 46.00.
	www.nrsd.org /nrsd/policies/restraint.shtml (1565 words)

	Physical Restraint of Unanesthetized Animals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Prolonged physical restraint may be stressful to the animal and should be avoided unless essential to the research objectives.
		Physical restraint for periods longer than 15 minutes must be described in detail and justified for consideration by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).
		Once a protocol involving prolonged physical restraint has been approved by the IACUC, the animals undergoing prolonged physical restraint must be observed by a member of the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine (DLAM) veterinary staff during the initial conduct of the experiment to ensure that the animals are not undergoing undue distress.
	www.hsc.unt.edu /departments/lam/IACUC/restraint.htm (358 words)

	Physical Restraint Policy
		Limitations on use of restraint - Physical restraint in a public education program shall be limited to the use of such reasonable force as is necessary to protect a student or another member of the school community from assault or imminent, serious, physical harm.
		Physical escort is the touching or holding of a student without the use of force for the purpose of directing the student.
		Physical restraint is the use of bodily force to limit a student's freedom of movement.
	www.medwayschools.org /schoolcomm/restraint_policy/default.htm (683 words)

	[No title]
		Physical restraint should only be used to protect children when they are a danger to themselves or to others or to keep them from damaging property.
		Physical restraint should only be used in an emergency and should be limited to the use of such reasonable force to address the emergency.
		Physical restraint should not be used to force a student to perform an appropriate behavior or academic task, but only to stop the inappropriate behavior.
	www.amaisd.org /speced/logPhysicalRestraint.htm (744 words)

	Policy PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS
		Floor or prone restraints shall be prohibited unless the staff member administering the restraint has received in-depth training according to the requirements of 603 CMR 46.03(3) and, in the judgment of the trained staff member, such method is required to provide safety for the student or others present.
		Mechanical Restraint: The use of a physical device to restrict the movement of a student or the movement or normal function of a portion of his or her body.
		Extended restraints and restraints that result in serious injury to a student or program staff member must be reported in accordance with the requirements of 603 CMR 46.06, regardless of any individual waiver to which the parent or guardian may have consented.
	www.lincnet.org /schoolcommittee/info/Policies/PhysicalRestraint.html (2101 words)

	Guidelines for Restraint
		Non-routine restraint is restraint of an animal for longer than 15 minutes, or more confining than standard restraining devices commonly used for that species, or restraint that causes changes in the animal's behavior or physiologic parameters suggesting that the animal is experiencing distress or discomfort.
		Restraint that involves adverse physiological responses or is likely to induce significant physical or psychological distress to the animal will require a category II classification on the Protocol Form, regardless of the restraint duration or technique.
		For comfort and safety of the animal, certain kinds of restraint equipment, such as slings for dogs, require that the animals be attended throughout the period of restraint.
	vetmed.duhs.duke.edu /guidelines_for_restraint_on_animals.htm (463 words)

	[No title]
		Guidelines: Physical restraint of animals is defined as manual or mechanical limitation of some or all of an animal's normal movement.
		Proposals involving prolonged physical restraint of animals must also include a referenced scientific justification describing why it is necessary to perform prolonged physical restraint in order to meet the objectives of the proposed study.
		Restraint devices should be designed to accomplish research goals that are impossible or impractical to accomplish by other means or to prevent injury to animals or personnel.
	www.siu.edu /~iacuc/restraint_3-28-03.doc (382 words)

	Untitled Document
		Mechanical restraint – The use of a physical device to restrict the movement of a student or the movement or normal function of a portion of his or her body.
		Whenever possible the administration of physical restraint shall be administered in the presence of at least one adult who does not participate in the restraint.
		Physical restraint is prohibited as a means of punishment, or as a response to destruction of property, disruption of school order, a student’s refusal to comply with a school rule or staff directive, or verbal threats that do not constitute a threat of imminent, serious physical harm to the student or others.
	www.masc.org /pnews/pn_physicalrestraint.asp (759 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Physical restraint use among nursing home residents: A comparison of two data collection ...
		A physical restraint was defined as a mechanical means applied on a resident in order to interfere with his/her mobility, including: vest, waist, wrist or ankle restraints, geriatric chair or wheelchair with fixed tray table, or any other type of locally designed devices [23].
		Physical restraint use was measured according to three methods: direct observation, interview with members of the nursing staff including licensed practical as well as registered nurses (one or more than one nurse, generally two, questioned together), and review of medical and nursing notes.
		Physical restraint use on each subject was identified for every hour during the last 24 hours, without knowledge of the times that direct observation was made, by means of a pre-tested questionnaire.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6955/3/5 (4036 words)

	District Policies — Lowell Public Schools (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Physical restraint shall be used only in emergency situations after other less intrusive alternatives have failed or been deemed inappropriate, and with extreme caution.
		Whenever possible the administration of physical restraint shall be administered in the presence of at least one adult who does not participate in the restraint.
		Physical restraint is prohibited as a means of punishment, or as a response to destruction of property, disruption of school order, a student’s refusal to comply with a school rule or staff directive, or verbal threats that do not constitute a threat of imminent, serious physical harm to the students or others.
	www.lowell.k12.ma.us /depts/superintendent/policies/restraint (716 words)

	NFPS - conflict risk management & personal safety training & consultancy
		The aim of this paper is solely to investigate the relationship between the use of physical restraint as a risk control measure in promoting the safety and welfare of vulnerable service users and staff, and the consideration as to whether or not physical restraint is, by default, a form of abuse.
		Physical restraint, by its very definition, is force generally used without the consent or co-operation of the individual being restrained.
		Physical restraint is an activity that carries with it a risk of harm to both children being restrained and also to staff who have to restrain children.
	www.nfps.info /RestraintvAbuse.htm (4591 words)

	University of Florida Animal Care Services
		It is frequently necessary to physically restrain animals during examination as well as while administering substances and collecting samples and these have the potential to cause pain or distress that cannot be controlled.
		Restraint devices should be appropriate for the species and designed to be preventing injury to animals and personnel.
		If long term restraint (>12 hr) is required, the nonhuman primate must be provided the opportunity daily for unrestrained activity for at least one continuous hour during the period of restraint unless continuous restraint is required by the research protocol and is approved by the committee.
	acs.ufl.edu /guidelines/Prolonged_Physical_Restraint.shtml (499 words)

	Restraints
		Physical or chemical restraints may be needed to protect your patient, but consider them a last resort because of their serious drawbacks.
		Use of physical restraints is often rationalized as necessary to prevent falls, to prevent resistance to treatment, and to manage uncontrollable behavior.
		If chemical or physical restraints are used, staff should develop a care plan to gradually reduce the restraint (either physical or chemical) and to monitor the resident for safety and efficacy.
	www.ceufast.com /courses/54/54.htm (3182 words)

	Counting, Using, Reducing Physical Restraints (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Federal tag F221 [42 CFR 483.13(a)] requires that residents be free from physical restraints imposed for the purposes of convenience or discipline and not required to treat a medical symptom.
		Any physical restraint must clearly benefit the resident, be required to treat the resident’s medical symptoms, and lead to the highest practicable level of functioning for that resident.
		A facility may apply a physical restraint in a non-emergency only after a comprehensive, individual assessment leads to a determination that a restraint is required to treat a medical symptom and to allow the resident to reach his/her highest practicable level of functioning and well being.
	www.dhfs.state.wi.us /RL_DSL/NHs/NH98-003.htm (7239 words)

	PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS
		Physical restraints are items used to restrict, restrain or prevent movement of a person.
		Restraints are typically seen by residents as the loss of the basic right to move around.
		Restraints should not be used without the consent of the resident or legal representative.
	cbcmi.org /publications/phys_restraints.htm (999 words)

	Physical Restraint in School
		The use of physical restraint has been applied to children with emotional disturbance since the 1950s, and it was included in a list of "techniques for the antiseptic manipulation of surface behavior" compiled by Redl and Wineman (1952).
		When physical restraint is administered, staff must use the safest method available, using the minimal amount of force necessary to protect the student and others from physical injury or harm.
		The guidelines for schools regarding the use of physical restraint on children are the result of decades of professional practice, state and federal legislation, case law, and grassroots efforts by advocacy groups, all concerned with the safety of children.
	www.bridges4kids.org /PBS/articles/RyanPeterson2004.htm (6795 words)

	Requesting The Use Of A Physical Restraint
		This includes monitoring the resident while a physical restraint is in use, as well as assuring that the use of the physical restraint does not create a safety hazard to the resident.
		Use of a physical restraint can be requested by a competent nursing facility resident, or by an alternative decision maker if the resident is not competent to make decisions about their health care.
		The nursing home shall provide a physical restraint to a resident only upon receipt of a signed consent form authorizing restraint use and a written order from the attending physician that contains statements and determinations regarding medical symptoms and specifies the circumstances under which restraints are to be used.
	www.health.state.mn.us /divs/fpc/profinfo/ib99_5.htm (2718 words)

	physical restraint
		Restraint devices are not to be considered normal methods of housing.
		Restraint should not be used simply as a convenience in handling or managing animals.
		The period of restraint should be the minimum required to accomplish the research objective.
	www.mcg.edu /research/animal/Physicalrestraint.HTM (95 words)

	Standard or Definition
		Restraint use that is only associated with medical, dental, diagnostic, or surgical procedures and is based on standard practice for the procedure.
		Physical restraint may be used as a response to an emergency only.
		Mechanical restraint and/or seclusion may be implemented by staff at the direction and in the presence of a registered nurse.
	www.cwla.org /programs/behavior/statefiles/oh.htm (1214 words)

	JFCL-R - Physical Restraint on Students - Regulation - J: Students
		Physical restraint is to be applied in the spirit of in loco parentis; that is in a fair, judicious, and kind manner.
		Physical restraint is immobilization through direct, temporary contact with the resisting student in a controlled manner for the purpose of preventing the student from injuring him/herself or others.
		Notification of the restraint must be made as soon as possible (normally within 24 hours) to the Administrative Officer and the parents/guardian.
	www.vsb.bc.ca /districtinfo/policies/j/jfclrphysicrestraintstudents.htm (488 words)

	Restraint
		Prolonged physical restraint may be stressful to the animal and should be avoided unless essential to the research objectives.
		Physical restraint for periods longer than 4 hours must be described in detail and justified for consideration by the ACUC.
		When a reasonable alternative to prolonged chair restraint is not possible, the animals must be removed from the chair for exercise periods as long and as frequently as possible.
	www.utmem.edu /compmed/Restraint.html (335 words)

	Research Findings 21 - Measuring Competence in Physical Restraint Skills (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To test the instruments videos were made of trainees practising the restraint techniques and a comparison was made of the thirteen trainers’ assessments of the trainees when they did not use the instruments with their assessments when they did use the instruments.
		There has also been some debate about the use of physical restraint by residential child care staff when the child or those around him or her need to be protected from the child’s aggression without hurting or humiliating the child.
		While there has been limited research conducted into the acquisition and retention of physical restraint skills there have been a number of studies in the training of other complex skills such as in the training of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and the firing of tank guns in the military.
	www.scotland.gov.uk /cru/documents/re-fin21.htm (1779 words)

	ANA Position Statement: Reduction of Patient Restraint and Seclusion in Health Care Settings (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In those instances where restraint, seclusion or therapeutic holding is determined to be "clinically appropriate and adequately justified," registered nurses, who possess the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively manage the situation, must be actively involved in the assessment, implementation and evaluation of the selected intervention.
		In the past, when restraint was employed it was in the belief that such action would promote patient safety and without effective restraint and seclusion practices, patients were considered to be in danger of injuring themselves or others, including nursing staff, or being injured by other assaultive patients.
		ANA recognizes that seclusion and/or restraint may be more likely to be employed inappropriately—that is, for non-emergency situations and/or for circumstances where no significant risk of harm exists—when hospital unit staffing is inadequate or staff are inappropriately trained to provide less restrictive interventions.
	www.nursingworld.org /readroom/position/ethics/etrestrnt.htm (1482 words)

	Physical Restraint: Reporting Requirements - Program Quality Assurance Services
		It is the Department's goal to work in partnership with local educational agencies to ensure that every student participating in a Massachusetts public education program is free from the unreasonable use of physical restraint.
		This is the central purpose of the Massachusetts Board of Education Regulations on physical restraint [603 CMR 46.00].
		The program shall also provide the Department with a copy of the record of physical restraints maintained by the program administrator pursuant to 603 CMR 46.06(2) for the thirty (30) calendar day period prior to the date of a reported restraint.
	www.doe.mass.edu /pqa/sa_nr/46_req.html (438 words)

	Child Welfare League of America: Children's Voice Articles: Article
		Restraint was not only countertherapeutic, it was [repeating] the abuse they had already experienced.
		Physical intervention at this point frequently involves forceful prone restraint--the patient is placed facedown, usually with one or more people kneeling on the patient's shoulders or back and lower back or hips.
		In addition, during the extreme physical activity preceding and during the restraint, the patient's body produces abnormally large amounts of adrenalin and other body chemicals, creating a hypercatabolic state that weakens all muscles, but especially results in severe respiratory muscle fatigue, and stresses the heart by increasing its workload.
	www.cwla.org /articles/cv0309restraint.htm (4041 words)

	BMA - Providing medical care and treatment to people who are detained
		Outside prisons, there should be a presumption that prisoners are examined and treated without restraints, and without prison officers present, unless there is a high risk of escape or the prisoner represents a threat to him or herself, the health team or others.
		Restraint should only ever be used as an act of care and control, not as punishment or a convenience.
		Prisoners under physical restraint should be kept under constant supervision, and restraint should be removed at the earliest opportunity.
	www.bma.org.uk /ap.nsf/Content/Restraint (1950 words)

	Understanding Physical Restraint Use
		A physical restraint limits movement in order to prevent patients from hurting themselves or accidentally removing a medical device.
		Answer: Physical restraints are only used when a doctor examines a patient and determines that alternatives have failed and that physical restraints are necessary to continue medical treatment.
		Answer: Physical restraints are used most often for patients that are pulling at devices, such as IV lines or tubes.
	www.cpmc.org /learning/documents/phyrestraint-ws.html (625 words)

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