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Topic: Physiological arousal

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	Sexual arousal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sexual arousal is the process and state of an animal being ready for sexual intercourse.
		Unlike most other animals, human beings of both sexes are potentially capable of sexual arousal throughout the year, and there is therefore no human mating season.
		Given the right stimulation, sexual arousal in humans will typically end in an orgasm, but may be pursued for its own sake, even in the absence of an orgasm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Physiological_arousal (325 words)

	Measures of Arousal
		We found that physiological arousal was not related to FMRP; however, it was related to IQ level such that boys with lower IQs had higher levels of physiological arousal.
		In addition, lower levels of physiological arousal were related to increased attention and appear to be related to decreased activity (i.e., sitting in one's seat) but are not related to academic test scores.
		In summary, it appears that physiological arousal is related to attention, motor activity, and IQ level in boys who are not prescribed medication; however, it is not related to FMRP.
	www.fpg.unc.edu /~FX/Pages/arousal.htm (606 words)

	AI Article - Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives of the Relationship Between Anxiety and Performance
		Arousal can be considered to be a signal to the individual that he or she has entered a stressful state and is characterized by physiological signs (Hardy et al., 1996).
		Physiological arousal can influence performance as a result of the individual's interpretation of their physiological symptoms.
		Once physiological arousal levels are too high there is a steep drop in performance which can only be reversed by a reduction in physiological arousal (Hardy et al., 1996).
	www.athleticinsight.com /Vol1Iss2/Cognitive_Behavioral_Anxiety.htm (5413 words)

	Psychological Activity
		The inverted-U theory relating arousal to performance with both high and low levels causing reduced performance, was rooted in the postulation that the reticular activating system served as a generalized arousal mechanism that responded to different types of stimuli and behavior.
		Arousal is a response to input whilst activation is viewed as being instrumental in preparing the action." (p.
		For example, effective perception of a ball in flight is affected by a player's arousal state, effective decision-making in the form of choosing an appropriate shot is influenced by effort, and cognitive preparation of the shot is affected by state of activation.
	coachsci.sdsu.edu /csa/vol33/jones.htm (1928 words)

	Sport Psychology
		Arousal, as the intensity dimension of behavior, is the general state of activation ranging on a continuum from deep sleep to extreme excitement.
		Common physiological measures of anxiety are heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and galvanic skin response.
		Inverted-U Theory (Yerkes and Dodson) proposes that performance is optimal at a moderate level of arousal and that performance declines as arousal increases or decreases from that moderate, optimal level.
	www.geocities.com /ustpsych/sppsy1/anxiety.html (834 words)

	Contrasting Concepts of Competitive State-Anxiety in Sport:
		physiological arousal) effect on performance to be smooth and small, large and catastrophic, or alternatively falling somewhere within the two extremes.
		Physiological arousal should (for the most part) only be deleterious to athletic performance when there is high cognitive anxiety.
		However, the amount of physiological arousal they experience could interfere with their performance, either by distraction, reducing their capacity to process cognitive information, or by causing them to consciously divert cognitive resources to maintaining effort, rather than to their performance on the task at hand.
	www.athleticinsight.com /Vol4Iss2/Competitive_State_Anxiety.htm (3955 words)

	Aroused and Immersed: The Psychophysiology of Presence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With particular reference to television and video presentations, literature related to the measurement of both presence and physiological arousal is presented together with justification for studying associations between the two.
		Arousal has generally been conceived of as a drive state or a non-specific energiser of behaviour, something that describes the intensity of an experience but not it's quality (Duffy, 1962; Mandler, 1992).
		It is evident that taking a variety of physiological measurements during an event would be advantageous if sensible conclusions are to be drawn concerning their psychological significance.
	homepages.gold.ac.uk /immediate/immersivetv/P2000-dillon.htm (2081 words)

	[No title]
		To a great extent, arousal level is determined by the impact of external stimuli on central nervous system structures, and the literature here has concentrated on interactions between subcortical structures of the reticular formation and limbic system in controlling and regulating responsivity to environmental stimuli(Routeenberg, 1968).
		Having observed a relationship between clinical anxiety and smoking, ane arousal disturbances and anxiety, it is reasonable to suggest that tobacco induced alterations in arousal processes may be a critical element in patient's motivation to smoke.
		As theories of emotion view increased autonomic arousal as an essential component of emotional processes, and as tobacco increases physiological arousal yet frequently reduces behavioral effects of arousal and self-report measure, an intriguing paradox pervades the motivational literature.
	www.library.ucsf.edu /tobacco/batco/OCR/2900/2905.txt (12817 words)

	Physiological Arousal and Fear - Colonel Dave Grossman, Author
		It is the physiological equivalent of the body's cooks, mechanics, and clerks who sustain a military unit over an extended period of time.
		Most observers of combat lump the impact of this physiological arousal process under the general heading of "fear," but fear is really a cognitive or emotional label for nonspecific physiological arousal in response to a threat.
		The impact of fear and its attendant physiological arousal is significant, but it must be understood that fear is just a symptom and not the disease, it is an effect but not the cause.
	www.killology.com /art_psych_arousal.htm (778 words)

	[No title]
		The theory that proposes that in an emotion the physiological arousal and behavior come first and the subjective feeling experience comes second is the ____________ theory of emotion.
		The theory that proposes that in an emotion, physiological arousal occurs first, followed by a cognitive interpretation of the environment and an appropriate labeling of an emotion, is the ____________ theory of emotion.
		A response to a stimulus that involves physiological arousal, subjective feeling, cognitive interpretation, and overt behavior is: a.
	www.dushkin.com /connectext/psy/ch10/s10.txt (3425 words)

	Military Medicine: Physiological Arousal among Women Veterans with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The purpose of this study was to assess baseline physiological arousal in women veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a nonresearch setting.
		Autonomic arousal is one of the hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
		The purpose of this study was to assess baseline physiological arousal in women veterans with PTSD in a nonresearch setting.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200404/ai_n9394553 (1063 words)

	Zillman: Television and physiological arousal. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Despite that assumption, research on the actual effects of exposure to television fare on arousal, and on the consequences of these effects on subsequent behavior, have been conducted only recently.
		Because the new theoretical approaches to arousal, affect and emotion are critical in understanding the progress in research on the role of excitatory phenomena in television's effects, the author briefly introduces the conceptualization and measurement of arousal.
		The article also includes a discussion on theoretical models of the function of arousal in the context of television and discusses the research evidence pertaining to them.
	www.temple.edu /ispr/abstracts/zillman91.html (166 words)

	[No title]
		To a great extent, arousal level is determined by the impact of external stimuli on central nervous system structures, and the literature here has concentrated on interactions between subcortical structures of the reticular formation and limbic system in controlling and regulating response iivity to environmental stimuli(Routeenberg, 1968).
		Having oliserved a relationship between clinical anxiety and smoking, an arousal disturbances and anxiety, it is reasonable to suggest thatitobacco induced alterations in arousal processes may be a critical clement in patients motivation to smoke.
		Physiological Effects All of the evidence from the performance studies provide strong support for the notion that tobacco smoking reduces perceived stress by inhibiting indiscrimate arousal responses to disruptions by internal and external input.
	www.library.ucsf.edu /tobacco/batco/OCR/2800/2863.txt (13233 words)

	Journal of Advertising: AROUSAL, MEMORY, AND IMPRESSION-FORMATION EFFECTS OF ANIMATION SPEED IN WEB ADVERTISING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Arousal was monitored during reception, while memory, conation, and impression formation were measured via a postexposure paper-and-pencil questionnaire.
		This activity is manifested in physiological changes such as decrease in heart rate, increase in skin conductance, and variations in brain electrical activity (Heo and Sundar 200Oa; see also Reeves and Nass 1996).
		Since physiological arousal takes a relatively long time to subside, some degree of residual excitation may be present even when the user is no longer exposed to the stimulus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3694/is_200404/ai_n9399628 (1325 words)

	Anxiety & Arousal
		Initial musings on anxiety and physiological arousal and an unexpected interview with Cosmopolitan Magazine stimulate personal examination of the Stress Doc's own intense and fluctuating mood states.
		Arousal levels are also affected by stimulus novelty (joyful surprise to shock) and complexity (from optimally challenged to overwhelmed or bored).
		Suddenly, the double-edged nature of physiological arousal jumps at me: too little and I’m sliding into a depressed funk, too much and I’m surging into mania.
	www.stressdoc.com /arousal.htm (2070 words)

	From Like To Love
		Remember, the arousal part of emotions is pretty similar from one emotion to the next, and the amount of arousal present determines the intensity of the experienced emotion.
		The extra arousal will summate with that arousal which is already present so as to increase the intensity of her emotional response toward us.
		Yes, the physiological arousal from their workouts was so powerful in intensifying emotional responses that it paired off even complete opposites.
	www.enotalone.com /article/918.html (1942 words)

	meandering wildly in all directions » Blog Archive » Using caffeine intelligently
		Your level of physiological arousal at a given time is the product of a large number of factors, more than you might think.
		The nice thing about understanding physiological arousal is that it obviates the need to understand the complex neurochemistry of caffeine as an adenosine blocker — we can basically understand it pretty well as just a fl-box stimulant.
		It should be becoming clear to you that in order to use caffeine effectively, you have to use it in the context of your physiological arousal.
	blog.johnath.com /?p=11 (1472 words)

	PsychSite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Events in the environment simultaneously trigger physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal, which in turn, give rise to the experience of emotion.
		Events in the environment stimulate the brain (specifically the thalamus), which in turn produces physiological arousal and the experience of emotion simultaneously.
		The only theory of emotion that holds that physiological arousal and the experience of emotion are independent events.
	www.abacon.com /psychsite/motivation_act2.html (204 words)

	West
		It appears that many persons use meditation to reduce physiological arousal, and because of its purported effects on arousal, meditation is used to treat numerous disorders which stem from or involve hyperarousal.
		Having reviewed the evidence concerning the differential effectiveness of meditation and rest for reducing physiological arousal, and having concluded that meditation is not more effective than rest for reducing physiological arousal, we can now consider the concerns that have been raised regarding the review and the conclusion.
		If professionals interested in controlling physiological arousal are to be effective and maintain professional and public credibility, it is essential that they do not promise more than the data permit.
	www.adolphus.nl /xcrpts/xcwest.html (8497 words)

	Oxford University Sleep and Psychological Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An analogue sample was used because we expected an introduction of cognitive or physiological arousal during the pre-sleep period would induce a ‘state’ akin to insomnia in good sleepers.
		To raise pre-sleep cognitive arousal, the CAG were told prior to the nap that they would be asked to give a speech on waking.
		To raise pre-sleep physiological arousal, the PAG were given a caffeine capsule (5mg/kg) to swallow 20 minutes before the nap.
	www.psych.ox.ac.uk /clinical/nicole2.htm (322 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Given a state of physiological arousal for which an individual has no immediate explanation, he/she will label it according to available cognitions.
		Thus the same state of physiological arousal could be labelled joy or fury.
		If there is unexplained arousal (misinformed or uninformed adrenaline group), then it will be labelled according to available cognitions - thus if the situation is annoying it could be felt as anger, if the situation is euphoric, the feeling would be labelled as happiness.
	www.dur.ac.uk /david.kleinman/oh.emot2 (672 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was hypothesized that insomnia patients, who are at a higher state of physiological arousal, would be unable to relax while lying in bed and watching TV and therefore would have relatively longer sleep latencies in naps following TV watching (due to inability to relax) as compared to walking.
		Similarly, patients with insomnia put in a physiologically arousing situation, such as walking, may not display as large an increase in arousal as normals if their baseline level of arousal is already elevated.
		In the current study, the relative role of sleepiness and arousal in determining objective sleep latency in patients with insomnia was measured by independently varying arousal level (activity) and sleepiness (sleep deprivation).
	www.dayton.med.va.gov /sleeplab/papers/activityarousal.doc (2572 words)

	Emotions are psychological responses that involve an interplay among (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive ...
		Emotions are psychological responses that involve an interplay among (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behavior, and (3) conscious experience.
		Although the physical arousal that occurs with the different emotions is for the most part indistinguishable, researchers have discovered subtle differences in brain circuits, finger temperatures, and hormones.
		The physical arousal that occurs with one emotion is, in most ways, indistinguishable from arousal that occurs with another.
	www.rit.edu /~garncd/Psych/sg-emotions.html (1378 words)

	Stress -- The Psychology of Stress Management
		He claimed that, in addition to SNS arousal, other bodily systems such as the adrenal cortex and pituitary gland may be involved in a response to threat.
		Physiological arousal can be uncomfortable and distracting in situations that might feel threatening but don’t involve an actual threat.
		This anger may be conscious or unconscious, but as long as it persists a state of physiological arousal will be maintained.
	www.guidetopsychology.com /stress.htm (3181 words)

	Sex: The science of sexual arousal
		Men and women experience sexual arousal very differently, not only physiologically but psychologically, according to researchers who are studying arousal using an array of new and refined methods.
		But they are also giving researchers the means to explore basic questions about the nature of sexual arousal and how its different components--such as physiological arousal and subjective experience--are related to each other.
		One of the key differences, he says, is that men with sexual arousal problems tend to be less aware of how aroused they are.
	www.apa.org /monitor/apr03/arousal.html (1052 words)

	untitled
		Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that human motives may be ranked from the basic, physiological level through higher-level needs for safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization, and that until they are satisfied, the more basic needs are more compelling than the higher-level ones.
		Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must be both physiologically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.
		Emotion simultaneously triggers a physiological response and the subjective experience of the emotion.
	www.umpi.maine.edu /~stump/motives.html (1425 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Several early studies of patients were not able to document physiological differences, but more recent studies have found that many patients with primary insomnia take longer than control subjects to fall asleep on daytime nap tests despite feeling fatigued and have elevated metabolic rate throughout both night and day.
		Other recent studies have found that increasing physiological arousal level for a week in normal sleepers produced the major secondary symptoms reported by insomniacs while producing only the disturbed sleep of insomniacs in another group of normal sleepers did not produce the typical pattern of secondary symptoms.
		Taken together evidence is presented which supports the contention that primary insomniacs suffer from a disorder of hyperarousal and that the elevated arousal produces the poor sleep and other symptoms reported by patients.
	www.dayton.med.va.gov /sleeplab/papers/hyperarousal.doc (252 words)

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