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Topic: Physiological plant disorders

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	Aromatherapy: Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
		The essential oils may be used in massage, added to a warm bath, used to moisten a compress that is applied to the affected part of the body, added to a vaporizer for inhalation, or diffused throughout a room.
		Gattefossé discovered the healing properties of essential plant oils accidentally; after burning his hand in a laboratory accident, he found that lavender oil healed his burns in a very short time.
		Aromatherapy is considered to be a useful complementary treatment for the relief of depression, anxiety, insomnia, panic disorder, stress-related physical disorders, menstrual cramps, and some gastrointestinal complaints.
	health.enotes.com /mental-disorders-encyclopedia/aromatherapy (1552 words)

	Management of Potato Diseases in the Home Garden
		Physiological disorders are not infectious and will not spread in the garden, but they may affect the appearance of the plants or the storability of the tubers.
		This physiological disorder is caused by rapid tissue growth, resulting in an irregular brown cavity in the center of the potato.
		These specks are organs used by the plant to "breathe." When potatoes are subjected to soils that are saturated with water, the lenticels may swell as their function is impeded by the water.
	www.ag.ndsu.edu /pubs/plantsci/hortcrop/pp756w.htm (3758 words)

	CAAM \| Education \| Article \| "Medicines for the Earth: The Eco-Physiology of Plants"
		Plants and people both need nutrients in order to grow and thrive, water to moisten the tissues and facilitate metabolic processes, air for respiration, and environmental and seasonal conditions conducive to life.
		Human bodies are shaped and supported by bony skeletons, while plants have their own connective tissues and skeletal structures; the growth and development of plant cells and organs rely on a skeleton comprised principally of microtubules and microfilaments.
		Plants have detoxification mechanisms that work to break down xenobiotics; many of these mechanisms are similar to how the human body deals with toxic compounds.
	www.ayurveda-caam.org /education/crow_plants3.html (880 words)

	Physiological plant disorders - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is important to be able to distinguish between plant growth problems that are caused by pathogens, such as a virus or fungus, and those which are caused by nonpathological disorders in the functioning of the plant system, such as poor light, weather damage, water-logging or lack of nutrients.
		Whilst the symptoms may appear disease-like, physiological plant disorders can usually be prevented by altering environmental conditions, although once a plant is showing the symptoms of a deficiency it is likely that that season’s yields will be reduced.
		Frost damage can be avoided by ensuring that tender plants are properly hardened off before planting out, and that they are not planted too early in the season, before the risk of frost has passed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Physiological_plant_disorders (751 words)

	Fruits & Vegetables: Tomato Fruit Disorders
		Once moisture is available, the plant resumes regular growth but calcium uptake continues to lag and the rapidly-expanding plant doesn’t have enough calcium to develop properly.
		It is important to use clean seed, crop rotation, and plant spacing which allows optimum air circulation and promote drying of the plants after irrigation, rainfall, and heavy dews.
		The disease overwinters on decaying plant debris and is spread by wind and splashing rain.
	www.uwex.edu /ces/wihort/fruitveggies/TomatoDisorders.htm (2045 words)

	Nonparasitic Disorders of Tomato
		Nonparasitic, or physiological, disorders are the result of plant responses to abnormal environmental conditions.
		Factors often associated with this disorder are heavy applications of nitrogenous fertilizers, root pruning (due to close cultivation) and supporting and pruning plants.
		Heavy applications of nitrogen fertilizers and abundant rain cause rapid and luxuriant plant growth and predispose the fruit to blossom-end rot, especially during periods of dry, hot weather.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/horticulture/DG1156.html (981 words)

	Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture - Physiological Disorders
		This disorder is associated with rough handling and low humidity at harvest or in storage.
		Storage at temperatures above 16 C that physiologically age the tuber or low concentrations of a chemical sprout inhibitor (chlorpropham) may cause internal sprouting.
		Wildings are potato plants that produce darker green foliage than normal, rarely flower, produce numerous stems and many more tubers than normal.
	www.gnb.ca /0029/00290042-e.asp (1176 words)

	Physiological Disorders of Landscape Palms
		This disorder is caused by excessive B in the soil or irrigation water.
		In shallow planted palms, newly emerging adventitious roots arising from the base of the stem axis are exposed to dry air, rather than moist soil and this dry environment inhibits their normal development.
		Deep planting is quite common when seedlings are planted into containers, but also occurs in the landscape when large specimen-sized palms are intentionally planted deeply for added support or to reduce the final height of a palm to a particular size.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /EP263 (3805 words)

	Physiological Disorders of Stonefruit
		Physiological disorders are problems that are not caused by insects or diseases, but rather by the climate (temperature, rain, humidity) and by management practices that change the micro-climate endured by the plant.
		The most common physiological disorders seen on stone fruit in Texas are split and shattered pits, double fruit and cleft sutures, fruit buttons, blind wood and delayed foliation.
		For all the disorders, it is clear that the varieties differ in their sensitivity although in most cases, little work has been done in the evaluation of the commercial varieties for these traits.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /stonefruit/physdiso.html (1417 words)

	Interiorscape Integrated Pest Management
		For example, if powdery mildew develops on a plant that is usually resistant to this disease, an investigation may reveal that the plant was consistently overwatered, resulting in high moisture and humidity (abiotic conditions) in the planting area.
		The goal of a plant pest manager is to recognize and manipulate these primary factors to promote stress-free plants and eliminate conditions favorable to disease development.
		If a fungicide is labeled for use on the plant(s) and for the pathogen you need to treat, but is not labeled for use in an interior landscape setting, you may temporarily relocate the plant to a location that is on the label (such as outdoors or in a greenhouse) and then make the treatment.
	ipm.ncsu.edu /InteriorScapes/DISEASE.html (4028 words)

	Sleep Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		What keeps us tied to the light is a cleverly balanced internal clock, known as circadian rhythm, that synchronizes a wide variety of physiological systems including heart rate, body temperature and, most importantly, sleep cycles.
		Along with being tired and depressed, people with SAD also tend to overeat and oversleep in winter, almost as if their bodies were preparing for hibernation.
		For jet lag, time changes and circadian rhythm disorders, the internal clock can be reset in either direction — shifted forward or backward, depending upon when light is used.
	groups.msn.com /sleepdisorders/seethelightsad.msnw (1095 words)

	APSnet Education Center - Introductory Topics - Plant Disease Diagnosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It may be too late to help the specific plant when the question is asked, but proper diagnosis may be extremely important in preventing the problem on other plants or in preventing the problem in the future.
		The major control measure for this disease is based on planting wheat cultivars each year that are resistant to the pathogen races that are predicted to be present during the growing season.
		In cases where the plant pathogen is difficult or impossible to grow on artificial media, other methods may be used for their detection, such as the use of serological tests for viruses.
	www.apsnet.org /online/feature/plantdisease (6058 words)

	West Virginia Career Development Events
		PLANT DISORDERS - to demonstrate the ability to identify unhealthy plant conditions due to pests, nutritional or physiological disorders, and mechanical or chemical injury.
		Pest and disorder items may be presented as an intact specimen, photograph, or preserved specimen (herbarium sheet, insect mount, etc.).
		Plants presented in containers will be assumed as growing in the field, and a label will advise on whether it is to be dug BR or BandB.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /resm/aee/cde/nursery/index.html (1519 words)

	Respiratory Disorders Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital Faculty Members
		"Physiological characterization of variability in response to lung volume reduction surgery." J Appl Physiol 94(1): 20-30.
		The physiological interactions between the endophytes and their hosts have not been well characterized.
		Physiological and radiological criteria are both used to identify candidates for LVRS.
	www.brighamandwomens.org /respiratorydisorders/Faculty/Moy.aspx (2641 words)

	Herbarium, Department of Botany, NC State University
		Because conditions under which poisonous plants are eaten are so variable, and because there are so many factors influencing the degree of poisoning, any ranking or grouping of plants on the basis of their relative importance is purely arbitrary and subjective.
		Any one plant may be thought relatively unimportant and yet, under a certain set of circumstances, may cause the fatal poisoning of a whole herd of cattle.
		Some plants are toxic by accumulation; that is, fresh material or plants dried in hay or other feed can cause harm when eaten over a long period of time rather than when ingested in a single feeding.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /plantbiology/ncsc/Poisonplants/Using_this_manual.htm (1023 words)

	Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) or Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring
		The female lands on a plant, using visual stimuli such as plant color, and walks or flies to the lower surface of a leaf.
		She tests the suitability of the plant by probing the leaf with her piercing-sucking mouthparts and ingesting a small amount of sap.
		Squash silverleaf disorder is another developmental disorder caused by feeding of immature whiteflies, also first noted in Florida in 1987.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /veg/leaf/silverleaf_whitefly.htm (2756 words)

	Lycopersicon esculentum 'Big Beef'
		For large plantings of standard size tomatoes, consider planting in rows that are 4-5’ apart.
		Plants may be spaced 1.5’ apart if staked, caged or otherwise supported.
		For supported tomatoes, consider removing suckers to limit plants to 1-2 central stems.
	www.mobot.org /gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=A174 (301 words)

	Rutgers Plant Biology Graduate Program Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Fundamental and applied aspects of plant molecular biology, including isolation, structure, and regulation of nuclear and organellar genes, molecular biology of plant-microbe interactions, molecular biology of plant development and plant biotechnology.
		Physiological significance of principal metabolic systems, including photosynthesis, photorespiration, sulfate and nitrate reduction, hexose metabolism; synthesis of lipids and lipid pigments, photochemical and hormonal controls, chloroplast development and biochemistry of secondary plant products.
		Mechanisms of pathogenesis, responses of plants to pathogens in terms of structure, function and metabolism, disease resistance, mechanisms, and genetics of pathogenesis.
	aesop.rutgers.edu /~plantbio/grad_courses.html (1008 words)

	eb1607 - Selenium Related Disorders in Washington Livestock
		Plant concentrations are directly related to soil selenium concentrations and pH.
		Plant selenium levels are influenced by the plant species involved as well as the form and amount of selenium in the soil.
		Other plants, such as white clover, buffalo grass, and gramma grass, are poor accumulators of selenium.
	cru.cahe.wsu.edu /CEPublications/eb1607/eb1607.html (1102 words)

	Pain: Hope Through Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		One of the most vexing neurological disorders is shingles or herpes zoster, an infection that often causes agonizing pain resistant to treatment.
		Temporomandibular disorders are conditions in which the temporomandibular joint (the jaw) is damaged and/or the muscles used for chewing and talking become stressed, causing pain.
		The condition may be the result of a number of factors, such as an injury to the jaw or joint misalignment, and may give rise to a variety of symptoms, most commonly pain in the jaw, face, and/or neck muscles.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/chronic_pain/detail_chronic_pain.htm (10065 words)

	Physiological Disorders of Tomatoes
		Though widely grown, tomatoes are subject to a number of diseases and physiological disorders.
		Control: To reduce blossom-end rot, mulch and water plants during dry weather to maintain uniform soil moisture levels.
		Initial symptoms are shiny white or yellow areas on the sides of the fruit exposed to the sun.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/hortnews/1997/7-18-1997/tomdis.html (453 words)

	DASEES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Three basic physiological functions must be maintained during the periparturient period if disease is to be avoided: adaptation of the rumen to lactation diets that are high in energy density, maintenance of normocalcemia, and maintenance of a strong immune system.
		Milk fever is a complex metabolic disorder that occurs at the onset of lactation.
		Prevention of periparturient disorders is of utmost importance because the occurrence of one disorder predisposes the animal to other metabolic problems.
	www.fass.org /dasees/dairyproduction/Metabolic_Disorders.htm (2514 words)

	National Research
		Generalized silverleaf whitefly host plant sequences on cultivated crops, urban plantings, weeds, and native plants from spring through winter have been identified and are being studied in relation to population dynamics.
		Characterization of new plant physiological syndromes that have appeared with the new biotype or with the increase in whitefly populations.
		Generally, planting considerations include crop sequencing to extend cultivated host-free periods as long as possible and to identify spatial considerations with respect to existing crops.
	www.slwf.ucr.edu /second.htm (5736 words)

	Mineral nutrition/nutritional deficiencies
		Ureases in the soil quickly convert urea to NH and CO Sources of the urea are both plants and microorganisms.
		Besides this, as leaves senesce (grow old), the proteins in the leaves are broken down to amino acids which are transported to new leaves to synthesize new proteins.
		F, the ability of the plant to photosynthesize is reduced.
	www.uark.edu /misc/aflsciv/cses400/mineral.htm (1603 words)

	Texas Citrus - Fungal Diseases and Nematodes
		Some disease-causing agents are restricted to certain parts of the plant, such as the root, trunk or fruit, while others may affect several or all parts of the plant.
		Nonparasitic diseases are physiological disorders caused by excesses or deficiencies of certain nutrients or by unfavorable environmental conditions.
		Plant parasitic nematodes are very small worms that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /citrus/l2313.htm (1068 words)

	Eating Disorders
		Persons especially predisposed to the disorder are young women with sensitive, self-critical, and sometimes compulsive aspects to their personality.
		Coexisting psychiatric conditions, especially mood disorders, personality disorders, and substance abuse, often prove to be the most difficult aspects of long-term success.
		The clinical disorder emerges when a morbid fear of fatness entrenches itself, and patients suffer psychological distress or medical complications after binge eating and subsequent purging and especially when binges are provoked by emotional distress rather than hunger.
	www.learningdiscoveries.org /EatingDisorders.htm (5037 words)

	The Aromatic Plant Project ~ Aromatic Article Archives
		bipolar disorder is treated with lithium, but is has yet to be understood how it works.
		She intends to develop a professional production that can be distributed to those who have had trauma associated with an odor.
		This work may help scientists gain a better understanding of the relationship between odor and emotions and the physiological response that is triggered.
	www.aromaticplantproject.com /articles_archive/sense_of_smell.html (1354 words)

	Armstrong WMSD Lecture Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Disorders of the musculo-tendinous-osseous-nervous system that are caused, precipitated or aggravated by repeated exertions or movements of the body.
		Examples of these often can be found in plant medical records, workers' compensation reports, OSHA logs and personnel medical records.
		As a result, these disorders often are under-reported and epidemiological methods usually are required to identify jobs, tools, areas, plants or industries with excessive risk.
	www-personal.engin.umich.edu /~tja/CTD1.html (495 words)

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