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Topic: Phytoremediation

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	ASPB - Public Affairs - Plant Research Briefing Papers - Phytoremediation: Using plants to remove pollutants from the ...
		Phytoremediation is defined as the use of green plants to remove pollutants from the environment or to render them harmless.
		Phytoremediation of metals is a cost-effective "green" technology based on the use of specially selected metal-accumulating plants to remove toxic metals, including radionuclides, from soils and water.
		Phytoremediation takes advantage of the fact that a living plant can be compared to a solar driven pump, which can extract and concentrate particular elements from the environment.
	www.aspb.org /publicaffairs/briefing/phytoremediation.cfm (1396 words)

	Phytoremediation
		Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and/or destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater.
		Phytoremediation is used for the remediation of metals, radionuclides, pesticides, explosives, fuels, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs).
		Phytoremediation is a broad technology type that has been successfully demonstrated for some contaminants and is experimental for others.
	www.cpeo.org /techtree/ttdescript/phytrem.htm (1213 words)

	Phytoremediation
		Phytoremediation is the use of living plants for in-situ (in place) remediation and clean-up of contaminated soil, sludge, sediments, or ground water.
		Phytoremediation may occur through contaminant degradation or containment, and in some cases, the plants are harvested and contaminants in the plant material are simply removed from the site.
		Phytoremediation can be used in place of, or in conjunction with, mechanical cleanup methods and works well for remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, TNT or munitions waste, metals and other chemical compounds as well.
	www.dynamax.com /papp.htm (1366 words)

	Phytoremediation: Overview
		Phytoremediation is the use of plants and trees to clean up contaminated soil and water.
		Phytoremediation is more than just planting and letting the foliage grow; the site must be engineered to prevent erosion and flooding and maximize pollutant uptake.
		At the Iowa Army Ammunitions Plant, phytoremediation is being used as a polishing treatment for exposive-contaminated soil and groundwater.
	ewr.cee.vt.edu /environmental/teach/gwprimer/phyto/phyto.html (1580 words)

	Phytoremediation Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Phytoremediation is the use of plants and plant processes to remove, degrade, or render harmless hazardous materials present in the soil or groundwater.
		Different types of phytoremediation have different potential results, such as accumulation of heavy metals in specific plant organs, voltilization from leaf surfaces, alteration of the form or availability of an organic chemical in the soil or within the plant, or actively excluding chemicals from plant tissues and keeping them out of the food chain.
		The real phytoremediation ability of a collection of plant species living in a mixed-waste profile is currently unknown, and understanding the interaction of the processes involved may be the deciding factor in the success of a phytoremediation program.
	www.uga.edu /srel/Fact_Sheets/phytoremediation.htm (1006 words)

	illumin : article : Phytoremediation
		A recently developed decontamination process called phytoremediation uses plants along with the bacteria that live in their roots to break down the toxins directly, or to absorb them so that they can be removed more easily.
		The applications of phytoremediation are extensive and extend from your corner gas station to oil refineries to military bases.
		Phytoremediation - using plants to mitigate contamination - is an exciting prospect for treating oil-related pollution in soils.
	illumin.usc.edu /article.php?articleID=79 (304 words)

	Phytoremediation Bibliography
		The results suggest that for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils to be successful, a strategy s hould be considered that combines rapid screening of plant species possessing the ability to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals with agronomic practices that enhance shoot biomass production and/or increase metal bioavailability in the rhizosphere.
		Phytoremediation and reclamation of soils contaminated with radionuclides.
		Phytoremediation is applic able to a wide range of terrestrial environments and plants can be selected for given soil and climatic conditions.
	www.nal.usda.gov /wqic/Bibliographies/phyto.html (12641 words)

	Phytoremediation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phytoremediation consists in depolluting contaminated soils, water or air with plants able to contain, degrade or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other contaminants, from the mediums that contain them.
		Genes for phytoremediation may originate from a micro-organism or may be transferred from one plant to another variety better adapted to the environmental conditions at the cleanup site.
		phytoremediation is limited to the surface area and depth occupied by the roots.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phytoremediation (2829 words)

	4-3 Phytoremediation
		Phytoremediation is a process that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and destroy contaminants in soil and sediment.
		Typical In Situ Phytoremediation System Phytoremediation is a process that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and destroy contaminants in soil and sediment.
		Phytoremediation may be applicable for the remediation of metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, PAHs, and landfill leachates.
	www.frtr.gov /matrix2/section4/4-3.html (1199 words)

	Phytoremediation Outline
		One of the remediation methods chosen for a treatability study was phytoremediation, the use of plants and plant processes to remove or degrade hazardous materials present in the soil.
		Phytoremediation is the term used to describe the remediation of soil and groundwater contaminants through use of whole plants and processes taking place in the rhizosphere, the area directly around the root system of plants.
		Phytoremediation is expected to be labor intensive during the project outset and plant harvesting.
	www.stanley.army.mil /Volume4/Phytoremediation/phyto_final_RPT.htm (6223 words)

	Office of Biological & Environmental Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The focus of the program is on basic research projects that address the fundamental mechanisms of interactions between plants, microorganisms, and contaminant chemicals in soils, sediments and water (potentially marine, estuarine, or freshwater systems) that result in the degradation, extraction, volatilization, or stabilization of the contaminant.
		We propose a novel mechanism of phytoremediation whereby plant root exudates increase the bioavailability of weathered contaminants.
		The objective of the proposed research is to evaluate monoterpene-producing plant species for use in phytoremediation of PCBs and PAHs, and to investigate the ecology of indigenous xenobiotic degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere of monoterpene producing plants.
	www.er.doe.gov /ober/ERSD/ersd_phyto.html (3225 words)

	Phytoremediation Services, Information and Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The process commonly referred to as phytoremediation is implemented by establishing a plant or community of plants that have been selected to provide the required remediation mechanisms.
		Phytoremediation can be used to treat a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants.
		Phytoremediation may be useful in treating volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorinated VOCs (CVOCs), and trinitrotoluene (TNT).
	www.remtech1.com /phytoremediation.htm (521 words)

	Phytoremediation - Using transgenic plants to clean up contamination
		Many metal phytoremediation researchers believe that use of chelators or related soil amendments will be necessary to promote sufficient metal solubility to cause phytoremediation to proceed at rates fast enough for economical commercial-scale remediation.
		Proposals for research field trials of genetically engineered plants for phytoremediation should be handled routinely by the appropriate agency, and requests for commercial use could be expected to be straightforward once initial trials were conducted safely.
		One concern unique to phytoremediation might be the potential risks to birds and insects who might feed on plant biomass containing high concentrations of hazardous substances, particularly metals.
	www.molecularfarming.com /phyto.html (4663 words)

	Phytoremediation: A new hope for the environment
		Phytoremediation is the use of living green plants for in situ risk reduction and/or removal of contaminants from contaminated soil, water, sediments, and air.
		Phytoremediation is an energy efficient, aesthically pleasing method of remediating sites with low to moderate levels of contamination and it can be used in conjuction with other more traditional remedial methods as a finishing step to the remedial process.
		However phytoremediation is not without its faults, it is a process which is dependent on the depth of the roots and the tolerance of the plant to the contaminant.
	arabidopsis.info /students/dom/mainpage.html (2377 words)

	BioPortal \| Phytoremedia
		Phytoremediation is the use of a plant's natural ability to contain, degrade, or remove toxic chemicals and pollutants from soil or water.
		The term phytoremediation is a combination of two words – phyto, which means plant, and remediation, which means to remedy.
		Phytoremediation works best when the contamination is within reach of the plant roots, typically three to six feet underground for herbaceous plants and 10 to 15 feet for trees.
	www.biobasics.gc.ca /english/View.asp?x=742 (1306 words)

	Phytoremediation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Phytoremediation does not degrade the physical or chemical health of the soil.
		Additionally, phytoremediation is in its infancy, and its effectiveness in cleaning up various toxins compared to conventional means of treatment is not always known.
		The growing popularity of phytoremediation can be seen in the number of businesses beginning to appear in urban areas of the United States that are involved in the field.
	www.fairfaxcounty.gov /nvswcd/newsletter/phyto.htm (944 words)

	Phytoremediation
		Phytoremediation is a remedial approach based on the naturally occurring processes in soil and groundwater that uses plants to dissipate and degrade contaminants.
		Phytoremediation is applicable for treating a wide variety of contaminants and is well suited for sites with shallow, contaminated soils, streams, and groundwater.
		Phytoremediation can also cause an undesirable transfer of the contaminant from one type of media to another, such as transfer from the water to the air during evapotranspiration.
	www.cee.umd.edu /~eseagren/phyto.htm (1901 words)

	Phytoremediation Main Page
		Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of emerging environmental cleanup technologies that use vegetation to enhance the dissipation or stabilization of environmental contaminants.
		Phytoremediation takes advantage of the fact that plants have extensive root systems that explore large volumes of soil, support larger bacterial populations in the rhizosphere (the region immediately surrounding the root) than in the surrounding bulk soil, and produce exudates which can directly affect the activity of the rhizobacterial populations.
		Given that petroleum hydrocarbons are amenable to microbial degradation and that phytoremediation often involves enhanced microbial degradation of organic contaminants in the rhizosphere, oil contaminated soils are considered to be good candidates for phytoremediation.
	www.phytopet.usask.ca (407 words)

	U.S. and International Phytoremediation Executive Summary
		Phytoremediation is the use of plants, including trees, grasses and aquatic plants, to remove, destroy or sequester hazardous substances from the environment.
		In phytoremediation's case, competition is also faced from specialty companies such as nurseries, plant breeders, agricultural biotechnology companies and other firms having expertise in plant agriculture, some of which have already begun to show an interest in phytoremediation.
		Phytoremediation has been carried out commercially or demonstrated at pilot scale at perhaps 200 sites in the U.S., involving all of the many contaminant categories to which phytoremediation may be applicable.
	www.dglassassociates.com /INFO/phy99exc.htm (2295 words)

	Phytoremediation
		Phytoremediation is a set of processes that uses plants to clean contamination in ground water and surface water.
		Phytoremediation can be used to clean up organic contaminants from surface water, ground water, leachate, and municipal and industrial wastewater.
		In Iowa, EPA demonstrated the usage of phytoremediation by planting poplar trees along a stream bank between a corn field and the stream.
	www.environmental-expert.com /articles/article295/article295.htm (599 words)

	Brake Fern \| Phytoremediation
		Many are used in a small but growing phytoremediation market estimated to be climbing from a range of $16.5 million to $29.5 million in 1998 to a range of $214 million to $370 million by 2005, according to published reports.
		Phytoremediation, the use of plants, trees and other vegetation to remove, sequester or degrade environmental contaminants from soil, groundwater, wastewater and landfill leachate, has attracted a great deal of interest in recent years.
		Phytoremediation is the unique process of using specific plants and planting techniques to remediate contaminated soils and groundwater.
	www.malibuwater.com /Phyto.html (7066 words)

	Ecological Engineering Group
		Phytoremediation combines the Greek word "phyton", (plant), with the Latin word "remediare", (to remedy) to describe a system whereby certain plants, working together with soil organisms, can transform contaminants into harmless and often, valuable forms.
		Phytoremediation takes advantage of plants' nutrient utilization processes to take in water and nutrients through roots, transpire water through leaves, and act as a transformation system to metabolize organic compounds, such as oil and pesticides.
		Phytoremediation is an affordable technology that is most useful when contaminants are within the root zone of the plants (top three to six feet).
	www.ecological-engineering.com /phytorem.html (1351 words)

	PHYTOREMEDIATION RESEARCH: USU CROP PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY
		Phytoremediation is the use of plants to clean contaminated soil and ground water.
		Phytoremediation, the use of plants to stabilize, extract, and/or metabolize contaminants, may be a cleanup alternative for trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated sites.
		Phytoremediation is being evaluated as a potential remediation option for many organic contaminants including chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene (TCE) in shallow contaminated soils and groundwater.
	www.usu.edu /cpl/research_phyto.htm (5755 words)

	Phytoremediation of Soil and Organic Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Phytoremediation can be a low cost, effective alternative to the conventional methods of soil remediation.
		Phytoremediation is the use of vegetation to take up contaminants from the ground or water.
		Phytoremediation is effective in the remediation of all types of soil contaminants, however it is more effective on lower concentrations of contaminants.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/MISC/phytorem.html (234 words)

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