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Topic: Pidgin English

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	Pidgin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Pidgin, or contact language, is the name given to any language created, usually spontaneously, out of a mixture of other languages as a means of communication between speakers of different tongues.
		Pidgins have rudimentary grammars and restricted vocabulary, serving as auxiliary contact languages.
		Pidgin English was the name given to a Chinese-English-Portuguese pidgin used for commerce in Canton during the 18th and 19th centuries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pidgin (779 words)

	English spelling & Pidgin. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Despite the myth current in English circles that spellings cannot be tampered with because they have a natural life of their own, both pidgins have been put on paper after much thought and discussion among 'experts' and nationals.
		English literacy is facilitated not only by familiarity with the sight of English print in everyday shopping and travelling, but also by the practice of the pidgin weekly paper Wantok, which carries large slabs of sport and advertising in English, mixed with the rest of the Tok Pisin reporting.
		The English problem of sexist language is usually overcome by inclusiveness - for example, brata is brother, sister, cousin or friend of the same sex, susa is brother, sister, cousin or friend of the opposite sex, and bratasusa is brothers and sisters, manmeri is people, and em refers indifferently to he, she, it, them.
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j6/pidgin.php (3022 words)

	Hawaiian_Pidgin
		Hawaiian Pidgin English, also known as Hawaiian Creole English or simply Pidgin, is a creole language based on English that is widely used by residents of Hawai‘i.
		Although standard Hawaiian English is one of the official languages of the State of Hawai‘i, Pidgin is sometimes used in everyday conversation, but is rarely used in radio and television.
		Pidgin English originated as a form of communication used between native and non-native English speakers in Hawai'i.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Hawaiian_Pidgin (921 words)

	pidgin English
		Pidgin is believed to have been a Chinese pronunciation of the English word business.
		There have been many forms of pidgin English, often with common elements because of the wide range of contacts made by commercial shipping (see pidgin languages).
		The original pidgin English of the Chinese ports combined words of English with a rough-and-ready Chinese grammatical structure.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0005923.html (198 words)

	Pidgin English (page 2) \| Antimoon Forum
		Some stress that the pidgin must be passed on from parent to offspring for it to be a true pidgin, others don't.
		I would argue that there must have been some kind of pidgin that the "upper-class" of native Britons spoke to their Norman overlords, and that this language was most likely passed on to their children, thus creating a pidgin.
		I imagine that the amount of French words in English is due to the place in Norman England of the English language.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/2003/3258-2.htm (731 words)

	Pidgin English -
		Pidgin was basically the result of immigrants arriving in Hawai'i who spoke different languages and interacted with one another.
		Pidgin is based on English in a simplified form using the basics in grammar omitting things such as tenses and prepositions.
		Since pidgin began with the immigrants, those people who were raised on the plantations where the convergence of immigrants were at the highest would be the ones who speak a much purer form of pidgin.
	webpages.charter.net /motuahina/pidgin.html (1079 words)

	pidgin. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The earliest documented pidgin is the Lingua Franca (or Sabir) that developed among merchants and traders in the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages; it remained in use through the 19th cent.
		An example is the variety of pidgin English that resulted from contacts between English traders and the Chinese in Chinese ports.
		Examples of pidgins based on non-European languages are Chinook, once used by Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest, and Lingua Gêral, based on a Native American language and used in Brazil.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pi/pidgin.html (353 words)

	NigeriaExchange - Nigeria - Babawilly's Pidgin English Dictionary - Nigerian Languages Tutorial and Learning Guide on ...
		Many English words are used differently in Pidgin English and more research would be needed to find out why.
		However direct translations of sentences from the local dialets into English without regards to tenses contributes to a lot of the confusing words in Pidgin English.
		Finally I must add that Pidgin English is a comical language and spoken with spirit, emotion and a lot of gesticulations.
	www.ngex.com /personalities/babawilly/dictionary (231 words)

	Pidgin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This stage requires the pidgin to be learned natively by children, who then generalize the features of the pidgin into a fully-formed, stabilized grammar (see Nicaraguan Sign Language).
		When a pidgin reaches this point it acquires the full complexity of a natural language, and becomes a creole language.
		Some scholars dispute this derivation of the word "pidgin", and suggest alternative etymologies, but no alternative has been deemed convincing enough to garner widespread support.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/pi/Pidgin.htm (378 words)

	CC is for CCreole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although the grammar of a pidgin is simpler than the grammars of its parent languages, and although pidgins often sound like uneducated fumbling attempts to speak one of the parent languages, pidgins aren't just "corruptions" of parent languages; they have grammar and vocabulary all their own.
		But even words that appear to be entirely English may have meanings that don't exist in English, and their roles in sentences may be opaque to those who don't know the details of the creole's grammar.
		The impression that a creole is nothing but "broken English" partly derives from choice of spellings; I suspect (but don't know for sure) that as with transliteration of Chinese, new spellings have come into style deemphasizing Englishness and emphasizing pronunciation.
	www.kith.org /logos/words/upper2/CCreole.html (565 words)

	Pidgin and Educatino
		Da Pidgin Coup is a group of people, mainly University of Hawai`i faculty and students in the Department of Second Language Studies, who have been meeting regularly since Fall 1998 to work on aspects of Pidgin (also known as Hawai`i Creole English and Hawai`i English Creole).
		Pidgin is the name speakers use for the language variety which is technically called Hawai`i Creole English or Hawai`i English Creole by linguists.
		We should recognize that Pidgin is the first language of many students and that the process of comparing Pidgin to English and other languages will be an extremely effective means of developing understanding of variation in world languages and preparing students for the acquisition of additional languages.
	www.hawaii.edu /sls/pidgin.html (8145 words)

	Melanesian Pidgin English; Tok Pisin; 1943
		Tok Pisin, or Melanesian Pidgin, is one of the three national languages of Papua New Guinea.
		English is too difficult for the native and accessible to only a few.
		Yabim and Kotte are taught in only a few mission schools are geographically and numerically limited; are little used outside the school and church; are not readily learnt by the white man; and they tend to give rise to jealousies towards the natural Yabim and Kotte speaking tribes.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-conflicts-periods/ww2/pidgin/01.htm (1309 words)

	American Sign Language - Pidgin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It enables effective and intimate person-to-person communication; it shows that a person is part of the Community; and it helps to identify the Deaf Community from the rest of society.
		pidgin is a language which develops naturally when people who do not know each other's language wish to communicate with each other.
		As a person's signing skill moves from English to ASL, there are different stages which become less and less like English and more and more like ASL.
	www.lifeprint.com /asl101/pages-layout/pidgin.htm (360 words)

	NAIJAWORLD - Bridging the gap between distance & relationships - Ladies and Pidgin English
		Lets not begin to act as if we are whites or we were born speaking english, I personally understand the concerns of some of our women not wanting to speak pidgin but believe me it doesn't make you less brilliant, more ugly or beautitul, or reduce or undermine the state of your intelligence.
		Speaking pidgin english is a personal thing you can chose to speak it or not but one thing is certain you cannot change where u are from.
		I think pidgin should be spoken just like you see jamaicans speak patual, that doesn't mean they cannot speak english sometimes it gives a sense of belonging oneness.
	naijaworld.com /showthread.php?t=255 (1064 words)

	A NOTE ON PACIFIC PIDGIN ENGLISH (PPE)
		Its successor languages are the four ‘Bislamic Pidgins’: Bislama (Vanuatu), Pijin (Solomon Islands), Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea), and Torres Strait Creole (islands of Torres Strait and islander communities at the tip of Cape York, Australia).
		While it is true that English is the ultimate source of the largest part of all four languages, exposure to English is plainly not where speakers acquire, or have ever acquired, their particular pidgin variant; it is exposure to other speakers.
		The addition of Torres Strait Creole to new discussions may be quite helpful here, because of the arguably early separation of TSC from the other pidgins, 1864-1890, and the lack of connection between TSC and the melting pot of the plantations, whether in Queensland, Samoa or elsewhere.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /SpecialProj/PNG/MIHALIC/About/PPE.htm (519 words)

	A bibliography of Melanesian Pidgin English dictionaries, phrase books and study guides
		Helton, E. Booklet on Pidgin English as Used in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea with Dictionary of Nouns and Phrases.
		Helton, E. Pidgin English as Used in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea Dictionary of Nouns and Phrases.
		This is a trilingual dictionary from Tok Pisin simultaneously to English and German.
	members.tripod.com /~THSlone/MPEB.html (4821 words)

	Kamtok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is difficult to distinguish between a widely-used pidgin and a creole.
		The sociological differentiation, often cited, is that a creole is a mother tongue whereas a pidgin is not.
		All education is through the medium of either English or French and all young people are expected to be bilingual in the countries official languages.
	www.une.edu.au /langnet/cameroon.htm (1850 words)

	Pidgin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Englishes: Studies in Varieties of English 1984 - 1988.
		Therefore, missionary stations were ordered in the 1880s to teach English in their schools.
		In the long run, however, the missionary schools were unable to meet the demands for educated Nigerians, and the colonial government began to establish state schools from the turn of the century on.
	members.aol.com /AfriPalava2/Pidgin.html (2230 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News
		Pidgin and English can co-exist peacefully in Hawaii's schools, and no one should be prevented from using pidgin where it works in the learning process, advised a group consisting primarily of University of Hawaii faculty and graduate students.
		In its position paper entitled "Pidgin and Education," which was released late last week, the 13-member Da Pidgin Coup also called for language awareness classes for teachers and students to help foster "informed understandings" of pidgin.
		Diana Eades, an associate professor of English as a Second Language and convener of the group, said a copy of the academic paper has been forwarded to Schools Superintendent Paul LeMahieu and a copy of will be sent to the Board of Education.
	starbulletin.com /1999/11/30/news/story3.html (986 words)

	Hawai`i Creole English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But the kind of English they spoke on the playground was influenced by the Pidgin English earlier brought to Hawai'i, by the Hawaiian spoken by their parents, and by their own first languages, especially Portuguese.
		However, English and Hawaiian are the official languages of the legislature and standardized English is the official medium of instruction in the school system.
		This "r-less" feature is also found in the English spoken in Australia, parts of England, and in the northeastern USA (where the early missionaries to Hawai'i came from).
	www.une.edu.au /langnet/hce.htm (1160 words)

	SULAIR: Reference Guide for Pidgin and Creole Languages
		Pidgin and Creole (hereafter P/C) studies have emerged as important challenges to linguistic theory and method.
		Some clearly Creole languages are classified as a Pidgin or "other" mixed languages, some are classified as dialects of their "target" languages (English, French, etc.,), and some are classed sometimes as a dialect and sometimes as a "mixed" language.
		Though it deals mostly with English-derived Pidgins and Creoles, it is a good overview of the field and provides a useful summary of recent theories of the genesis and development of these languages.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/pidgins/pidgin.html (2296 words)

	Pidgin English ESL-English as Second Language, Pidgin English Kids, Pidgin English Learn, Pidgin English Phrase Books, ...
		Pidgin English exists in a number of varieties, but the most important is Melanesian Pidgin of eastern New Guinea and other nearby islands.
		It is spoken and understood, with varying degrees of proficiency, by an estimated 300-400,000 people and the number is increasing rapidly.
		A pidgin language is generally based on one of the major world languages, such as English, Spanish, or Portuguese.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/PidginEnglish.htm (303 words)

	Aloha and Welcome to HAWAII'S Full On Pidgin.
		FULL ON PIDGIN is dedicated to those who want to feel the essence of true Hawaii.
		Pidgin here in Hawaii is a sort of Hawaiian Slang-lish and not the Pidgin language spoken in the deep south Pacific Islands.
		Reading the printed Hawaiian Pidgin, there are many accents and a type of lilt or tone that are applied to most words.
	www.extreme-hawaii.com /pidgin (180 words)

	Please title this page. (Page 1)
		Pidgins persist, however, where a dominant group regards another as childlike or capable only of a simplified version of the “superior“ language, as in the relations between Europeans and American Indians, West Africans, or South Sea natives.
		Nigerian Pidgin is distinguished from the other 400 or so languages by the fact that it is spoken by members of every regional, ethnolinguistic and religious group in the federation.
		In her report “Auf Wiedersehen, English“, Ursula Sautter quoted Walter Krämer, the president of the Society for the Protection of the German Language, an organization that takes up arms against anglicisms, as follows: “The German tongue is deteriorating into a pidgin dialect which will soon no longer be usable as an independent cultural language.
	members.fortunecity.com /dhl76/thesis.html (18421 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Linguistics: Languages: Natural: Pidgins and Creoles: English Based: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Centre for Pidgin and Creole Studies - The Centre for Pidgin and Creole studdies (cpcs)is an ongoing intellectual project to drive and collaborate work on pidgin and creole languages and cultures especially in Africa.
		Pidgin - University course for students of English about Nigerian English and Pidgin, by Dominique Bediako.
		Pidgin versus Rotten English in Soyinka and Saro-Wiwa - A short essay on Nigerian Pidgin in fiction.
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Pidgins_and_Creoles/English_Based/Nigerian_Pidgin (194 words)

	the ten commandments in hawaiian pidgin english Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Tanach the have is Artscroll version, which has english on the left and Hebrew on the right, so I can still read it in english and hear it...
		We have worked hard to make sure that the ten commandments in hawaiian pidgin english information can be found here.
		We hope you have enjoyed the the ten commandments in hawaiian pidgin english resources online directory, as much as we have enjoyed researching and compiling it for you.
	topsearchand.info /ten-commandments/the-ten-commandments-in-hawaiian-pidgin-english.html (1123 words)

	MSN Encarta - Dictionary - pidgin English
		Search for "pidgin English" in all of MSN Encarta
		pidgin with English elements: a pidgin based however loosely on English, especially one formerly used between Chinese people and Europeans, or one currently spoken in West Africa and some Pacific islands
		Encarta® World English Dictionary [North American Edition] © and (P)2005 Microsoft Corporation.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861726093/pidgin_English.html (70 words)

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