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	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Pierre Schaeffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (born August 14, 1910, died August 19, 1995) was a French composer, noted as the inventor of musique concrète.
		Schaeffer's anxiety to produce works is made obvious in his 1948 journal, which forms part of his 'Introduction à la musique concrète', published in 1950: 'One agrees to lend me the studio hoping that I shall eventually come up with some broadcastable material.
		Schaeffer did not abandon the term 'experimental music', but it lost its syncretic connotations; and the term 'concrete music' was in turn dissociated from the technical procedures of concrete music and thus reappeared in Schaeffer's later writing with a more comprehensive meaning.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pierre-Schaeffer (1259 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (August 14, 1910–August 19, 1995) was a French composer, noted as the inventor of musique concrète.
		Schaeffer left the GRMC in 1953, but reformed it in 1958 with Luc Ferrari and François-Bernard Mâche as the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM).
		Schaeffer took a number of teaching posts, including an associate professorship at the Paris Conservatoire from 1968 where he taught electronic composition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer (537 words)

	EMF Media Pierre Schaeffer
		Pierre Schaeffer, a radio engineer and announcer at Radiodiffusion Francaise (RF), began to explore research in sound and radio in the early 1940s.
		Schaeffer's first musique concrete work was an assemblage of sounds of train wheels, engines, and whistles, entitled 'Etude aux Chemins de Fer' (Railroad Study).
		Schaeffer continued to compose and he began to articulate a theory of sound objects.
	www.emfmedia.org /artists/schaeffer.html (324 words)

	SONIC ARTS - John Dack : Pierre Schaeffer & the significance of radiophonic art
		Schaeffer’s reaction to the new listening environment created by radio technology was not simply to accept the situation but to investigate the relationship between the listening subject and the object of his/her perception.
		Schaeffer’s relationship with technology is a symptom, albeit an important one, of a profoundly influential underlying attitude.
		Schaeffer, by the very nature of his profession, was no stranger to interdisciplinary thinking - indeed we should recall the sub-title of the Traité des Objets Musicaux - an interdisciplinary essay.
	www.sonic.mdx.ac.uk /research/dackpierre.html (3966 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer & Pierre Henry: Pioneers in Sampling
		Schaeffer's method of returning meaning and emotion to music was to go into the world and the sound effects library of his radio studio.
		Pierre Henry, on the other hand, is a classically trained musician and composer who diverged from the traditional route to join in Schaeffer's experiments in 1949.
		Pierre Schaeffer and Pierre Henry made a contribution that has helped shape music for the last 38 years, be it the early tape music works of Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky at Columbia, and Stockhausen in Germany, the Beatles in their Sgt.
	emusician.com /em_spotlight/Pioneers_Sampling (2450 words)

	Composition Proposal: Homage to the Composer Pierre Schaeffer
		Composition Proposal: Homage to the Composer Pierre Schaeffer
		This composition is dedicated to Pierre Schaeffer as a composer of music, though it is an appellation which he rejected.
		Drawing inspiration from the eclectic mixture of "found" and "instrument" sounds in Pierre Schaeffer’s earliest pieces, the source material trio includes one player improvising with cello, one with the speaking voice, and one with pots and pans.
	julian_date.home.mindspring.com /schaeffermore.html (646 words)

	ICMA : Array (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Schaeffer's limitations as a composer (he was not trained as a musician) are also evident in these early works.
		Schaeffer and Henry's collaboration reached its early high point with the composition of their Symphonie pour un homme seul, a work which finally overcame the remaining obstacles to the acceptance to this new art form.
		Schaeffer and Partch more than any other 20th century composers I can think of had to create all of their own original technology in the service of their artistic vision.
	www.notam02.no /icma/array.php?artid=51 (1930 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Schaeffer was born in Nancy Nancy quick summary:
		In general, a tape recorder, tape deck, cassette deck or tape machine is any device that records a fluctuating signal by moving a strip of magnetic...
		Pierre boulez (ipa: /pj.bulz/) (born march 26, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pi/pierre_schaeffer.htm (1434 words)

	Palombini, Carlos (1993) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pierre Schaeffer's Typo-Morphology of Sonic Objects proposes to present to the English-speaking reader the two successfully achieved stages of Schaeffer's 1966 solfège, namely typology and morphology, as expounded in Traité des objets musicaux, situating them in the larger context of Schaeffer's musicological work and in the specific context of the solfège.
		Particular attention is paid to Schaeffer's conception of experimental music, and through the analysis of Vers une musique expérimentale, what has generally been seen as an antagonism between the Paris and the Cologne studios emerges as the conflict between two opposing approaches to technology and tradition.
		Chapter II delineates three notions that underpin the fourth phase of Schaeffer's musicological work, musical research, of which the 1966 solfège is the programme: acousmatic listening, four functions of listening and sonic object.
	www.sun.rhbnc.ac.uk /Music/Archive/Disserts/palombin.html (430 words)

	EMF Media Pierre Schaeffer
		This 3-CD package is the definitive and complete collection of Pierre Schaeffer's musical works, beginning with the first of his musique concrète compositions, continuing with the collaborations with Pierre Henry, and concluding with Schaeffer's late works from the 1970s.
		One of the special surprises to be found in these recordings is Pierre Henry's 'Echo d'Orphee, pour P. Schaeffer', composed in 1988 as an homage to Pierre Schaeffer.
		Schaeffer was one of those people who changed the world, and this package will give you a good idea of how it happened.
	www.emfmedia.org /catalog/em114.html (365 words)

	Spectromolphology: Interviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pierre Schaeffer wanted to educate composers (and as a result of that, of course, audiences, too) to find a new way of experiencing music, a sort of "pure listening experience" somehow even coming close to the theories of John Cage.
		Henry was almost the opposite of Pierre Schaeffer, the godfather of musique concrète.
		Pierres Reflechies, composed in 1982, bears all the characteristics of the contemporary Henry: ostinatos of a certain number of instruments that are placed, superimposed over each other in thousands of combinations that differ only slightly.
	acusmatica.7host.com /spectro/interview4.asp (4597 words)

	INA-GRM
		While Pierre Henry, with his usual constant supply of success and inspiration, founded his own studio, the GRM (as it was known from 1958 onwards) launched a tremendous movement, which has given rise to many lasting vocations over the decades: in the capital, L.
		Pierre Schaeffer very soon realised, in the early days of musique concrète, that it was important to work in association with skilled technicians who were open to experimentation.
		Pierre Henry's Voile d'Orphée is one of the earliest examples of use of the phonogène à coulisse.
	www.furious.com /perfect/ohm/inagrm.html (2863 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer -- Quatre etudes de bruit
		Schaeffer's musical production, which was exclusively electroacoustic, consists of a small number of works that were composed during several brief periods of activity.
		Schaeffer made extensive use of the "closed groove", the equivalent of the later tape loop, and it was on recordable discs that the first pieces of musique concrète were realized.
		Schaeffer was a fascinating character, rare, even unique in a musical avant-garde that cultivates, without qualification or nuance, a progressivist optimism.
	sfsound.org /tape/Schaeffer.html (892 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (born August 14, 1910, died August 19, 1995) was a French composer,noted as the inventor of musique concrète.
		Schaeffer left the GRMC in 1953, but reformed it in 1958 with Luc Ferrari and François-Bernard Mâche as the Groupe deRecherches Musicales (GRM).
		Schaeffer took a number of teaching posts, including an associate professorship at the Paris Conservatoire from 1968 where hetaught electronic composition.
	www.therfcc.org /pierre-schaeffer-49892.html (479 words)

	[No title]
		Schaeffer was born in Nancy, France in 1910 (Schaeffer, 1).
		Pierre Schaeffer’s first composition, “Etude aux chemins de fer” was produced in 1948.
		Schaeffer and Henry’s new compositional elements include the use of new electronic sources which expand the possibilities of instrument utilization, as well as incorporating human sounds with non-human sounds in one work.
	www.unc.edu /~jmburns/Portfolio/Electronic.doc (1771 words)

	CDeMUSIC
		At long last, here is the re-release of Pierre Schaeffer's 'Solfege de L'Objet Sonore' ('Typology of the Sound Object'), 30 years after its first LP pressing in 1967 when it accompanied Schaeffer's 'Treatise on Musical Objects'.
		In this CD, Schaeffer, creator of musique concrete, with the assistance of Guy Reibel (director of Schaeffer's research project at GRM), Henri Chiarucci, and Francois Bayle, present the fruits of the research at GRM into the typology and morphology of the sound object.
		Schaeffer was interested in a theory of sound as the listener perceives it, placing him at odds with conventional music theory, and in these CDs, his goal was to create a formal structure to organize his new approach to sound.
	www.cdemusic.org /store/cde_search.cfm?keywords=pschaeffercds (617 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		By that time Schaeffer had founded the France group which had interests in theatre and visual art as well as In 1942 he co-founded the Studio d'Essai known as the Club d'Essai) which played role in the activities of the French resistance during World War II and became a centre of musical afterwards.
		Schaeffer left the GRMC in 1953 but it in 1958 with Luc Ferrari and François-Bernard Mâche as the Groupe Recherches Musicales (GRM).
		Schaeffer took a number of teaching posts an associate professorship at the Paris Conservatoire 1968 where he taught electronic composition.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pierre_Schaeffer (500 words)

	Interview with Pierre Henry
		Together with Pierre Schaeffer, Henry was one of the founding fathers of musique concrète.
		Schaeffer was a thinker, a theoretician, and not a musician.
		Pierre Henry was born in Paris in 1927.
	media.hyperreal.org /zines/est/intervs/henry.html (4507 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Schaeffer tried to piece the multiple styles of piano such as classical, romantic and atonal together into a cohesive production but failed to do so.
		Two speakers were located in front of the stage on the left and right, one was placed directly in the back (centre) and one hung from the ceiling.
		Schaeffer's techniques were partly dictated by the technology available to him at the time.
	www.clubi.ie /amhiggins/artefact2004/pages/schaeffer.htm (421 words)

	CDeMUSIC
		In 1957, he joined Pierre Schaeffer and others at the GRM (Groupe de Recherches Musicales) in Paris, and it was there that Xenakis composed his early works for electronic tape.
		Pierre Henry is one of the pioneers at GRM.
		He was the first professional musician to work with Pierre Schaeffer and he is one of the most popular composers to grow out of that environment.
	cdemusic.org /store/cde_search.cfm?keywords=schaeffer&CFID=370103&... (1971 words)

	EMF Institute: Etude aux Chemins de Fer
		Etude aux Chemins de Fer (Railroad Study), composed by Pierre Schaeffer in 1948, is a recorded assemblage of steam engines, whistles, and other railroad sounds.
		Schaeffer coined the term 'musique concrète' to describe a music made 'concretely' by working directly with sounds, as against music made 'abstractly' by working with symbols for sounds (as in a musical score).
		The photo at the left shows Pierre Schaeffer in 1952 playing the phonogène à clavier, a tape recorder with its speed altered by playing any of twelve keys on a keyboard.
	emfinstitute.emf.org /exhibits/musiqueconcrete.html (117 words)

	Arts Electric GRM
		Formed by Pierre Schaeffer in 1958 in Paris, with Luc Ferrari, Iannis Xenakis, François Bayle, and several other composers, GRM has through the years recast the revolutionary ideas associated with musique concrète into current technologies.
		Schaeffer used a direct-to-disk method of recording, the only technology available to him at the time, and 'edited' by playing back the disks simultaneously, taking excerpts on the fly, and mixing them down onto a master disk.
		Schaeffer then composed four more studies using a variety of sounds, musical and non-musical, including piano, percussion, toy top, saucepan, canal boat, words, and harmonica sounds.
	www.arts-electric.org /articles/060205.grm.html#top (1064 words)

	Literature on Schaeffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thus, Denis Smalley's Schaeffer, "the rightful heir of Western musical tradition" [3], started giving way to Alistair Riddell's and Pierre Henry's Schaeffer, "the legitimate predecessor of today's DJ" [4].
		Selections from Schaeffer's corpus will be tackled in two subsequent bibliographies: "the essential Schaeffer" and "Schaeffer in English".
		Pierre Schaeffer par Sophie Brunet suivi de Réflexions de Pierre Schaeffer.
	mitpress2.mit.edu /e-journals/Leonardo/isast/spec.projects/schaeffer/schaefferindex.html (619 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer
		Schaeffer was then sent abroad to give symposiums on recording and broadcasting.
		Schaeffer was not happy with the results since the phrase retained many of its original characteristics, even with all of the treatments.
		Schaeffer felt that his music was the link between the polytonal – polyrhythmic works of Stravinsky, and that the objet sonore was similar to Shoenberg’s pieces.
	homepage.smc.edu /tobey_christine/varese/schaef.html (1451 words)

	Pierre schaeffer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Start the Pierre schaeffer article or add a request for it.
		Look for Pierre schaeffer in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Pierre schaeffer in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pierre_schaeffer (135 words)

	PIERRE SCHAEFFER
		Schaeffer was a broadcast engineer, a composer and a theorist (as well as a member of the French resistance during World War II) whose profound influence on electronic music can be felt by anyone using loops, turntables or mixers.
		Schaeffer knew that he was not the first to compose music using prerecorded material.
		In 1949, Pierre Henry (who went on to work with experimental rock groups in the '60s, '70s and '80s) joined Schaeffer as a collaborator, and, together, they created a body of important works.
	remixmag.com /mag/remix_pierre_schaeffer/index.html (558 words)

	Pierre Schaeffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pierre Schaeffer of Kodak today unveiled the new advances in imaging innovation to industry insiders.
		Ferrari, along with a clutch of fellow countrymen like Pierre Schaeffer and Pierre Henry, concocted musique concrÃ¨te in the early 1950s.
		Pierre Schaeffer, Kodak consumer digital imaging group VP/chief marketing officer, noted that it remains the only Wi-Fi-enabled camera on the market capable of...
	www.wikiverse.org /pierre-schaeffer (634 words)

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