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Topic: Pig iron

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Wrought iron

Iron

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Bessemer process

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	Pig iron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pig iron is typically poured directly out of the bottom of the blast furnace into pots to form ingots.
		As pig iron is intended for remelting, the uneven size of the ingots and inclusion of a little sand was unimportant compared to the ease of casting and of handling.
		Cast iron is made by remelting pig iron, often along with substantial quantities of scrap iron, and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants and adjust the carbon content.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pig_iron (315 words)

	Iron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iron is notable for being the final element produced by stellar nucleosynthesis, and thus the heaviest element which does not require a supernova or similarly cataclysmic event for its formation.
		A newer variant of grey iron, referred to as 'ductile iron' is specially treated with trace amounts of magnesium to alter the shape of graphite to sheroids, or nodules, vastly increasing the toughness and strength of the material.
		A class of non-heme iron proteins is responsible for a wide range of functions within several life forms, such as enzymes methane monooxygenase (oxidizes methane to methanol), ribonucleotide reductase (reduces ribose to deoxyribose; DNA biosynthesis), hemerythrins (oxygen transport and fixation in marine invertebrates) and purple acid phosphatase (hydrolysis of phosphate esters).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iron (2718 words)

	Pig iron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest is uncombined, as graphite.
		Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
		Pig yoke (Naut.), a nickname for a quadrant or sextant.
	dictionaries.cc /Pig_iron (1429 words)

	Pig iron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pig iron is raw iron in an ingot form.
		It is the immediate product of smelting iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace - a hard but brittle mix of iron (90% or more) and carbon (typically 4-5%), manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon (roughly 3% in total).
		The row of molds was said to resemble a litter of suckling pigs, hence the individual ingots were referred to as pigs and the runner was called the sow.
	www.theezine.net /p/pig-iron.html (194 words)

	Pig iron -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pig iron has a very high (An abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds) carbon content, typically 4-5%, which makes it very brittle and not very useful directly as a material.
		Pig iron is typically poured directly out of the bottom of the blast furnace into pots to form (A block of metal that is cast in a particular shape for convenient handling) ingots.
		(An alloy of iron containing so much carbon that it is brittle and so cannot be wrought but must be shaped by casting) Cast iron is made by remelting pig iron, often along with substantial quantities of scrap iron, and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants and adjust the carbon content.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pi/pig_iron.htm (234 words)

	Pig Iron's Name
		The furnaces were built and operated for the purpose of extracting iron from the native iron ores.
		The molten iron was cast into bars called "pigs"; hence, the common name of "pig iron." The name pig iron is meaningless to non-farm people, as it is a figment of the imagination of the blast furnace workers--all of whom were very familiar with the keeping of pigs.
		As they looked at the molten iron flowing from the hearth in the base of the furnace stack, the trench of red iron with the many short side branches made them think of a sow (the large feeder trench) and pigs (the end result).
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem03/chem03354.htm (593 words)

	Pig Iron
		Pig Iron is a principal component of the charge make-up used by high quality ferrous foundries and steel mills.
		An alloy of iron and carbon, Pig Iron is manufactured from iron ore in either a blast furnace or electric arc furnace smelting process, and is used to provide metallurgical control over base iron and final melt chemistries of iron and steel melting operations.
		For Gray Iron foundries and Steel mills, Miller sources and distributes Pig Iron from producers in the U.S., South America and Eastern Europe.
	www.millerandco.com /products/pig_iron (213 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pig iron
		Wrought iron is a very pure form of commercial iron, having a very small carbon content.
		Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material.
		Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pig-iron (669 words)

	Historic Iron Furnances in Southeastern Ohio
		The name pig iron is meaningless to non-farm people, as it is a figment of the imagination of the blast furnace workers--all of whom were very familiar with the keeping of pigs.
		Iron is very seldom found in a natural state because of oxidation and its reduction from ores was unknown.
		With the abandonment of the iron furnaces in the HRIR came the salvage of the furance machinery and railroad tracks, and the rapid conversion to farm and/or woodland economy.
	www.oldeforester.com /ironintr.htm (1552 words)

	Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pig Iron Press is a trade publishing company that is indexed and circulates internationally.
		The Pig Iron series of freelance authored general and thematic anthologies was introduced in 1975.
		Pig Iron Press friend organization and fiscal agent, PILAW, is an exempt public Arts Foundation established in Youngstown in 1975 and incorporated in the state of Ohio in 1981.
	www.pigironpress.com (424 words)

	Read about Pig iron at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Pig iron and learn about Pig iron here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pig iron is typically poured directly out of the bottom of the blast furnace into pots to form
		The ingots are then used to produce wrought iron or steel, typically with a
		The Chinese were making pig iron by the later
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Pig_iron (222 words)

	[Jewelry making - Article 00642] - Re: [Orchid] Pig Iron
		Pig Iron is the crudest form of iron.
		Some of this iron may be poured into relatively small molds as ingots called "pigs" These pigs are used to supply iron foundries and are the material called cast iron.
		Most of the iron producty from a blast furnace is removed as molten metal in a large ladle or special rail car and transered to a secondary furnace for carbon reduction further refining and alloying.
	www.ganoksin.com /orchid/archive/9811/msg00642.htm (403 words)

	foundry pig iron
		Foundry pig iron DSTU 3132-95 (GOST 4832-95) Pig iron grade Si Mn, groups P, not more Mn, groups S, not more 1 2 3 4 class G D categories from to to to to to A B V from to from to 1 2 3 4 5 L1 3,2 3...
		IRON ORE IN PELLETS 4 68.407 3.646.242 6.090.496 FOUNDRY PIG IRON SOYA BEAM COOPER TOTAL: 2.033.31 8 649.780 -0- 55.022.717 2.046.39 0 940.965 -0- 58.424.924 2.376.00 6 1.
		The introduction of ductile iron and plastic pipe, combined with the foundry trade s increasing reliance on scrap iron, helped undermine the merchant pig iron industry.
	www.ultimate-bronze-foundries.com /sources/foundrypigiron/index.php (1039 words)

	The World Market for Pig Iron, Spiegeleisen, Iron or Steel Granules and Powders; Spongy Ferrous Products and Iron in ...
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for pig iron, spiegeleisen, iron or steel granules and powders; spongy ferrous products and iron in lumps or pellets of at least 99.94% purity for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		Chapter 4 does the same, but for imports of pig iron, spiegeleisen, iron or steel granules and powders; spongy ferrous products and iron in lumps or pellets of at least 99.94% purity for all countries in the world.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of pig iron, spiegeleisen, iron or steel granules and powders; spongy ferrous products and iron in lumps or pellets of at least 99.94% purity to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.mindbranch.com /products/R307-6008.html (925 words)

	11-2000 Scrap Magnet: Why foundries are buying more pig iron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although some foundries have become less dependent on pig iron for their melting needs, many foundries are using more pig.
		Ductile iron requires raw materials that conform to stricter metallurgical standards and are virtually free of contaminants and other unwanted residues.
		For foundries that cast ductile iron, pig iron as well as chunky scrap cast-iron grades remain the metallics of choice.
	www.newsteel.com /2000/NS0011mg.htm (640 words)

	GoPhila.com CultureFiles - Pig Iron Theatre Company
		As co-conspirators in setting theater on its ears, Pig Iron’s artistic directors studied under Jacque LeCoq, the late French theater pioneer whose innovative approach to the stage incorporated mask and movement.
		Pig Iron has performed in Poland, Brazil and the Edinburgh Festival, where it was presented the “Spirit of the Fringe” award.
		Pig Iron Theatre Company got its name from the counter-balance weight that is used backstage to maneuver scenery, curtains, etc.
	www.gophila.com /culturefiles/Theaters/pigirontheaterco (206 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Iron & Steel Work"
		If you had to pick a few technologies that have had a tremendous effect on modern society, the refining of iron and steel would have to be somewhere near the top of the list.
		Iron and steel show up in a huge array of modern products.
		Iron is so important that primitive societies are measured by the point at which they learn how to refine iron and enter the iron age!
	www.howstuffworks.com /iron.htm (142 words)

	The World Market for Nonalloyed Pig Iron in Primary Forms with over 0.50% Phosphorus by Weight: A 2004 Global Trade ...
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for nonalloyed pig iron in primary forms with over 0.50% phosphorus by weight for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		Chapter 4 does the same, but for imports of nonalloyed pig iron in primary forms with over 0.50% phosphorus by weight for all countries in the world.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of nonalloyed pig iron in primary forms with over 0.50% phosphorus by weight to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.mindbranch.com /products/R307-5772.html (771 words)

	The Hindu : CODISSIA to import pig iron
		The CODISSIA was also discussing with financial institutions and banks to arrange financial assistance for the small foundries so that they could also procure pig iron from this consignment.
		It was proposed to continue bulk purchase of pig iron for the benefit of the foundries.
		Apart from pig iron, the association was also taking steps for bulk purchase of Cold Rolled Sheets.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2004/03/27/stories/2004032700790300.htm (281 words)

	ACCOUTREMENTS - Cast Iron Wise Pig Bank
		This reproduction of a storybook-style pig is made of cast iron and hand painted with a wily grin.
		The 6" tall pig stands upright on a platform which reads "THRIFTY," and holds a sign with a wise proverb about saving your pennies.
		All designs and images are protected and may not be reproduced in any manner, including use on the internet without written permission.
	www.accoutrements.com /products/10520.html (101 words)

	Pig Iron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pig Iron in North America and the Caribbean
		Pig Iron in the Middle East, Central and South Asia
		Pig Iron in South East Asia and Oceania
	www.gobi.co.uk /page74.htm (26 words)

	New Steel's Scrap Magnet: Mills are importing more pig iron, less DRI in '97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the first half of 1997, the market for basic pig iron was firm, while the market for direct-reduced iron (DRI) was surprisingly uneven.
		The company is a leading supplier of ferrous scrap, domestic and basic pig iron, and imported DRI.
		Foundry pig prices held steady until July, when prices for imported pig from Brazil and the Commonwealth of Independent States increased by $5/net ton.
	www.newsteel.com /features/NS9708MG.htm (750 words)

	Pig iron price hike to hit foundries hard
		May 24: Following the footsteps of Indian Iron and Steel Company (Iisco), all major pig iron producers in the eastern region have increased their pig iron prices used by foundries to Rs 200 per tonne with effect from April 6, 1998.
		He further said Indian Iron and Steel Company or the other manufacturers have not yet explained any reason so far for this price hike which apparently is very nominal.
		But what is worrying industry is that an extra burden of Rs 2.16 crore has to beborne by it, taking the total consumption of pig iron by the local industry to 9 lakh tonnes per annum, the foundry owner said.
	www.expressindia.com /fe/daily/19980525/14555574.html (364 words)

	American Metal Market: China, US interests eye Brazil pig iron project
		Siderurgica do Para (Cosipar) is holding talks with three Chinese steelmakers as well as with U.S. pig iron consumers on setting up a partnership for the projected third-phase expansion of the company's new Usina Siderurgica do Para (Usipar) pig iron project in northern Brazil.
		Usipar this month completed ground breaking for the project and started construction work on phase one of the plant, which should be producing 500,000 tonnes of pig iron a year by mid-2005 using two charcoal-based blast furnaces, Monteiro said.
		Monteiro said that Usipar's second phase, which should involve a Chinese partner, would expand the pig iron exporter's capacity to 1.5 million tonnes a year using three more furnaces based on coke and iron ore sinter feed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3MKT/is_8-3_112/ai_n6069538 (382 words)

	Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Peter Porkchops
		Another switch occurred in the 23rd issue (March, 1947), when Nero Fox (the jive-jumpin' emperor of ancient Rome) lost his position as the cover-featured first story of each issue, and was replaced by Peter Porkchops.
		That fun-loving pig was destined for success — about as much success as any DC funny animal ever had, unless you count The Fox & the Crow (which DC didn't own).
		The Zoo Crew, with Peter "Pig Iron" Porkchops in every issue, remained in production for a couple of years.
	www.toonopedia.com /porkchop.htm (496 words)

	Pig Iron and Ingot Casting Machines offer advanced technology to world producers
		Pig Iron Casting Machines and Ingot Casting Machines built by Economy Industrial offer advanced technology to the world's leading metal producers.
		Economy Industrial's pig iron and ingot casting machines incorporate patented process technology and proprietary design features offered by no other manufacturer to improve yield and to reduce operating and maintenance costs.
		Economy's pig iron, ingot, and ferroalloy casting machines are used around the world by leading metal producers, many of whom depend upon a single casting machine to handle 100% of the furnace output.
	www.economyindustrial.com (116 words)

	Re: Pig Iron Underwater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In Reply to: Pig Iron Underwater posted by David Stegall on November 12, 2000
		When they took the pig iron out of the molds they would put the pig iron in water to cool it off.
		So when something is described as "pig iron underwater" the speaker means that it is safe, secure and there is no question as to what it is. Sort of like "it's in the bank".
	www.phrases.org.uk /bulletin_board/6/messages/780.html (141 words)

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