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Topic: Pinatubo

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Mount Pinatubo

Mt Pinatubo

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	Pinatubo, Philippines
		Pinatubo is a stratovolcano on the island of Luzon.
		Ancestral Pinatubo was a stratovolcano made of andesite and dacite.
		The modern Pinatubo is a dome complex and stratovolcano made of dacite and andesite.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/southeast_asia/philippines/pinatubo.html (617 words)

	CVO Website - Mount Pinatubo Volcano, Philippines
		Mount Pinatubo is one of a chain of composite volcanoes that constitute the Luzon volcanic arc.
		The arc parallels the west coast of Luzon and reflects eastward-dipping subduction along the Manila trench to the west.
		The new summit elevation of Mount Pinatubo is approximately 1,485 meters above sea level, reduced from a preeruption elevation of 1,745 meters; the elevation of the caldera lake is between 820 and 840 meters above sea level, or about 650 meters below the highest point on the new caldera rim.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/Philippines/Pinatubo/description_pinatubo.html (953 words)

	Geotimes - March 2002 - Geophenomena
		Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted on June 15, 1991.
		Data for Pinatubo came from such instruments as SAGE (Stratosphere Aerosol and Gas Experiment) II, launched in 1984 on the ERBS satellite, that uses solar occultation to observe the vertical distribution of upper atmospheric (stratospheric) aerosols, ozone and water vapor around the planet.
		While Pinatubo’s eruption created an immediate fallout of particles near the volcano itself, it also produced a 30-megaton cloud of sulfuric acid droplets in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere).
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/mar02/geophen.html (1618 words)

	Pinatubo Aeta
		The Pinatubo Aeta are part of bands residing in mountanous, forested ares of the archipelago from Luzon to Mindanao.
		An interesting aspect of the Pinatubo Aeta is their continuing resistance to the acculturation process, and their ability to modify whatever they borrow from the outside to suit their own culture.
		While the Pinatubo Aeta have been the recipient of both government and private help in the form of better medical facilities and the construction of several schools serving the literacy needs of both children and adults, they have also been victimized by government land-use policies.
	litera1no4.tripod.com /pinatuboaeta_frame.html (1191 words)

	Pinatubo, Philippines
		Prior to 1991 Pinatubo volcano was a relatively unknown, heavily forested lava dome complex with no records of historical eruptions.
		Six major eruptive periods, interrupted by lengthy quiescence, have occurred from modern Pinatubo volcano during the past 40,000 years, most of which produced major pyroclastic flows and lahars that were more extensive than in 1991.
		Pinatubo is composed of a high-silica hornblende andesite-dacite dome complex, possibly located within a small caldera.
	users.bendnet.com /bjensen/volcano/philippines/luzon-pinatubo.html (913 words)

	Mount Pinatubo - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pinatubo, Mount, active volcano in the Philippines, in the central part of the island of Luzon, at the juncture of Tarlac, Zambales, and Pampanga...
		Philippines, Republic of the: height of Mount Pinatubo
		On Luzon the Sierra Madre mountains form the longest range of the Philippines, extending along the island’s eastern, or Pacific, coast.
	encarta.msn.com /Mount_Pinatubo.html (125 words)

	Mount Pinatubo
		The main volcanic crater on Mount Pinatubo produced by the June 1991 eruptions, and the steep slopes on the upper flanks of the volcano, are easily seen in this image.
		Radar images such as this one can be used to identify the areas flooded by mudflows, which are difficult to distinguish visually, and to assess the rate at which the erosion and deposition continues.
		The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines is well known for its near-global effects on the atmosphere and climate due to the large amount of sulfur dioxide that was injected into the upper atmosphere.
	www.solarviews.com /cap/volc/pinatubo.htm (362 words)

	Mount Pinatubo Summary
		Mount Pinatubo is an active volcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, at the intersection of the borders of the provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga.
		Pinatubo was a known geothermal area before the 1991 eruption, and small steam explosions are quite common in such areas.
		Prior to 1991 Mount Pinatubo stood to a height of 1,745 meters and was studied and said to be inactive.
	www.bookrags.com /Mount_Pinatubo (4689 words)

	Pinatubo's rivers show the danger isn't over when volcanic eruption ends
		Mount Pinatubo, northwest of Manila on the Philippine island of Luzon, erupted with devastating force in June 1991 and now is proving to be an ideal laboratory for studying the "hydrologic aftermath" of a volcanic eruption, said Karen Gran, a University of Washington doctoral student in Earth and space sciences.
		Pinatubo's location, in the tropics not far north of the equator, makes it subject to torrential rains from monsoons and typhoons.
		The town of Bacolor at the edge of Pinatubo was buried repeatedly by major lahars.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-01/uow-prs010405.php (751 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pinatubo Volcano Research Boosts Case For Human-Caused Global Warming
		The Pinatubo research also has improved scientists' ability to forecast the impact of future volcanoes on weather and climate, says the paper's author, Alan Robock of the university's Center for Environmental Prediction in the Department of Environmental Sciences, Cook College.
		According to Robock, the eruption on Luzon Island in the Philippines on June 15, 1991 produced the largest volcanic cloud of the 20th century and caused changes in worldwide climate and weather that were felt for years.
		The changes wrought by Pinatubo's sulfuric acid cloud, which blocked a large percentage of sunlight from reaching the earth, initially included cooler summers and warmer winters, an overall net cooling at the earth's surface and altered winds and weather patterns, Robock said.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/02/020220075850.htm (1086 words)

	125th - Articles - Science - Volcano Expertise and Monitoring Save Lives--The Case of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
		The people living in the lowlands around Mount Pinatubo were alerted to the impending eruption by the forecasts, and many fled to towns at safer distances from the volcano or took shelter in buildings with strong roofs.
		The rocky islets are relics of a lava dome that erupted on the caldera floor in 1992.
		The experience gained by scientists during Pinatubo's eruption and lahar crisis is being used by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program in the United States and by PHIVOLCS in the Philippines to better protect people's lives and property from the future volcanic eruptions.
	www.usgs.gov /125/articles/pinatubo.html (1048 words)

	EO Study: Astronauts Photograph Mount Pinatubo Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The summit of Pinatubo was blasted away, the forests were blown down, and hundreds of meters of loose sand and gravel rained down on the mountain’s upper slopes.
		Nillos, T., Jr., Pyroclastic flows of the June 15, 1991 climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo, in Newhall, C. and Punongbayan, R.S. (eds.), Fire and Mud: Eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City, and University of Washington Press, Seattle and London,1996.
		King, A.J., The atmospheric impact of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, in Newhall, C. and Punongbayan, R.S. (eds.), Fire and Mud: Eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City, and University of Washington Press, Seattle and London,1996.
	eol.jsc.nasa.gov /EarthObservatory/Astronauts_Photograph_Mount_Pinatubo.htm (1794 words)

	Earth 101- Mt.Pinatubo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With an explosion occurring on June 7 th causing a stream of steam and ash 8km high, a level 4 alert (possibility of an eruption within 24hrs) was issued and the evacuation of people within a 20km radius began.
		This was good timing because on June 14 th, a series of bigger eruptions led to tephra fall and nuees ardentes which began the devastation of the area.
		And finally on June 15 th, the coincidental passing of Typhoon Yunya less than 100kms from Pinatubo was followed by the main eruption at 3.39pm.
	www.personal.psu.edu /sua132/MtPinatubo.htm (507 words)

	Operation Montserrat - Mt.Pinatubo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pinatubo, a large volcano on the Philippine isle of Luzon, is a stratovolcano, or composite volcano.
		It erupts in a violent fashion and causes hazards from both the flow of magma and from the debris it fires into the atmosphere.
		Prior to 1990, Pinatubo was an inactive, or dormant volcano.
	emissionhq.com /3weeks/mtPinatubo.aspx (248 words)

	Mt. Pinatubo
		The ancient Pinatubo eventually formed a 3.5 kilometers by 4.5 kilometers wide caldera, and modern Pinatubo is standing in that caldera today.
		Trouble at Pinatubo was first evident in early 1991 with increased seismic activity around the mountain, and a small explosion.
		Ash was deposited downwind of Mt. Pinatubo on land in thicknesses of between fifteen and fifty centimeters.
	www.utdallas.edu /~msweet/e&v1.html (1035 words)

	Pinatubo
		MOUNT PINATUBO - Nearly 10 years after Mount Pinatubo erupted in one of the past century's most violent volcanic events, tourists are trickling back to marvel at the devastation that killed hundreds, wiped out the Philippines' main rice-producing region and forced the United States to abandon its largest overseas Air Force base.
		Pinatubo, about 90 kilometers (55 miles) north of Manila, exploded in June 1991 after a 500-year slumber, dumping billions of tons of volcanic debris on three provinces, erasing entire farm communities and altering the world’s climate.
		Pinatubo’s eruptions were so massive that its top was simply blown away, reducing its height by 300 meters (985 feet).
	www.subicbaypi.com /sub_stories_pinatubo.htm (976 words)

	Pinatubo
		The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, located on the island of Luzon in Philippines, was one of the largest explosions in the 20th century.
		Dormant for about 450 years, Mt. Pinatubo is what is know as a Stratovolcano and its 1991 eruption took the volcano from being 1,745 meters tall, down to 1485 meters high.
		Aside from the massive destruction caused by the eruption, for years after the eruption damage was still being done to the ozone layer as the result of the sulfur dioxide emitted from the volcano being turned into sulfuric acid.
	www.earlham.edu /~parkelu/geo/boom.htm (710 words)

	Untitled Document
		The arc of volcanoes is caused by the subduction of the Manila trench to the west." (Mt. Pinatubo Eruption 2001)
		The Pinatubo eruption was a Plinian style eruption that produced 5 to 10 cubic Km of dacitic pumice and ignimbrite.
		It is believed that the 1993 Mississippi River Valley flood was influenced by the eruption and that the drought in the Sahel was caused by the eruption (Mt. Pinatubo Eruption) causing the third coolest summer and the third wettest summer during 1991.
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/student/sneed3/pinatubo.htm (944 words)

	Philippines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The highest point is Mount Apo on Mindanao at 2,954 metres (9,692 ft).
		There are many active volcanos such as Mayon Volcano, Mount Pinatubo, and Taal Volcano.
		The country also lies within the typhoon belt of the Western Pacific and about 19 typhoons strike per year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippines (3893 words)

	Pinatubo - Eruption Features
		The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 stands as the second largest eruption in the 20th Century (Mt. Novarupta, Alaska 1912 claims largest eruption fame).
		The effects of the eruption were not limited to the area around Pinatubo.
		Huge quantities of particles from Pinatubo's tall ash cloud injected into the global wind system in the stratosphere.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/hazard/stratoguide/pinfeat.html (283 words)

	Visible Earth: Global Effects of Mount Pinatubo
		Pinatubo injected about 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, where it reacted with water to form a hazy layer of aerosol particles composed primarily of sulfuric acid droplets.
		In the case of Mount Pinatubo, the result was a measurable cooling of the Earth's surface for a period of almost two years.
		The Pinatubo eruption increased aerosol optical depth in the stratosphere by a factor of 10 to 100 times normal levels measured prior to the eruption.
	visibleearth.nasa.gov /view_rec.php?id=1803 (432 words)

	PINATUBO VOLCANO "The Revered Mountain, The Fearsome Volcano" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Considered an inheritance from their ancestors, Pinatubo is the place where the Aetas believe they can freely commune with departed spirits of their forefathers whom they believe inhabit the animals, trees and mounds of earth that abound there.
		Traditionally animists, the Aetas have considered Pinatubo as sanctuary as they struggle to survive through game hunting and crop-gathering while holding fast to their pagan practice of animal and tree worship.
		Pinatubo Volcano, one of the 22 active volcanoes dotting the Philippines, is part of the chain of volcanoes which borders the western side of Luzon and lies in the central portion of the Zambales Range (15 degrees 08.20’N and 120 degrees 21.35’E), a NNW-trending mountain belt that extends 220 kms.
	hannover.park.org /Philippines/pinatubo/page2.html (279 words)

	Aktive vulkaner: Pinatubo, Philippinene
		Da nedbøren på Pinatubo oversteg 12 mm på 30 minutter, førte dette til at det hurtig dannet seg bekker og små elver som tok med seg alt som vokste i deres vei, og hurtig vokste til mudderstrømmer (lahar), som gjorde rent bord.
		Fortunately, by 1995, the volume of material carried by Pinatubo's lahars had already decreased to less than a quarter of that carried in 1991, and new towns had been built on high ground for many of those displaced or threatened by lahars.
		Within hours of Mount Pinatubo's explosive June 15, 1991, eruption, heavy rains began to wash the ash and debris deposited by this explosion down into the surrounding lowlands in giant, fast-moving mudflows called lahars.
	www.vulkaner.no /v/volcan/pinatubo/pinatub3.html (852 words)

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