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| | Constantine Iii Usurper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) |
 | | In the summer of 408, as the Roman forces in Italy assembled to counterattack Constantine, Constantine had other plans. |
 | | Fearful that several cousins of the emperor Honorius in Spain, which was a stronghold of the House of Theodosius and loyal to the ineffectual emperor, would organize an attack from that direction while troops under Sarus and Stilicho attacked him from Italy in a pincer maneuver, he struck first at Spain. |
 | | He summoned his eldest son Constans from the monastery where he was dwelling, elevated him to Caesar, or assistant Emperor, and sent him with the general, Gerontius, towards Spain. |
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