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Department of Physiology and Biophysics - Mount Sinai School of Medicine   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Melatonin, released into flow-through media from chick pinealocyte cultures kept for one day in a light dark cycle and then released into darkness, is assayed by radioimmunoassay and plotted against time. The plot shows that chick pinealocyte cultures continue to produce melatonin rhythmically with a period of about 24 hours and demonstrates that a circadian clock resides within pinealocytes. Pinealocyte cultures were maintained in constant darkness (top panel) or exposed to light (bottom panel, open bar) for 3 hours. www.mssm.edu /faculty/maxm01/figure1.html   (171 words)

bio That the pinealocytes are responsible for the conversion of serotonin to melatonin has been demonstrated histochemically by showing that it is these cells that contain serotonin (Bertler et al 1963) and melatonin (Freund et al 1977) and not the astrocyte-like interstitial cells. In view of the phylogenetic regression and the current concept that it is the function of mammalian pinealocytes to synthesize melatonin and to release it into the systemic circulation, both the shape of the pinealocytes and the architecture of the gland are surprising. A study of rat pinealocytes after electrical stimulation of the SCG by Beuss in 1985 reviewed that some pinealocytes did not appear to be influenced by SCG stimulation, a second group responded with enhanced electrical activity and in a third group electrical activity was depressed. www.ch.ic.ac.uk /local/projects/s_thipayang/bio.html   (2091 words)

NEL, Effects of estradiol benzoate on the ultrastructure of the pinealocyte Extensiveness of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the pinealocytes of estradiol-administrated rats was similar to that in controls. The pinealocytes which form the majority of parenchymal cells and responsible for melatonin secretion in the pineal gland. Several morphological and biochemical studies indicate an increased activity of pinealocytes following gonadectomy and this increase was inhibited by administration of gonadal steroid hormones [11, 14, 16–18, 20, 29, 32, 33, 36, 41]. www.nel.edu /23_56/NEL235602A03_Kus_Oner.htm   (663 words)

Cardinali   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) The aim of the present study was to analyze the 24-h rhythm in plasma melatonin concentration and the day-night differences in synaptophysin expresion and ultrastructural characteristics of the pinealocytes in developing female sheep. The pineal volume, and the mean volume of pinealocytes was significantly greater in animals killed at night. In quantitative ultrastructural analysis of pinealocyte cells, the relative volume of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes was significantly greater in 9-24 month-old sheep and in animals killed at night. www.fmed.uba.ar /depto/fisiologia/neurosci/335.htm   (334 words)

Glia Literature - Stress-reactive response of the gerbil pineal gland: concretion genesis.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) The reaction of pinealocytes and glia cells to an acute immobilization stress and their poststress recovery was studied in gerbils. Pinealocytes responded to immobilization with an increased peptidergic activity and formation of new concretions, whereas glia cells with an increased growth of interstitial concretions. The pineal gland poststress recovery was manifested by a reduced functionally stimulated pinealocyte activity and a protracted increase in glia cell activity. www.glialcell.net /showabstract.php?pmid=9593645   (235 words)

Effects of advancing age on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in the male white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus).   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Quantitative comparison of pinealocyte ultrastructure in 3-month-old and 28-month-old male white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) revealed decreases both in the area of the Golgi apparatus and in the number of dense-core vesicles. Nor were any changes between groups of mice apparent in pinealocyte nuclear or cytoplasmic areas, nuclear: cytoplasmic ratios, or the number of pinealocyte nuclei per unit area. Areas of unusual, annulate lamellae-like structures were increased in the pinealocytes of a group of 28-month-old mice. www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_7153722.html   (174 words)

The aged pineal gland: reduction in pinealocyte number and adrenergic innervation in male rats. In the present study we investigated whether the number of parenchymal cells and the incidence of sympathetic fibers in the rat pineal gland is altered with advanced age. The comparison of pineal histology of young adult (2-3 months old) and aged animals (22-26 months old) showed that pinealocyte number in old animals is decreased by 18%. It is concluded that the age-related decline in pineal metabolism may be due to both decreased parenchymal cell number and reduced sympathetic innervation. www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_2369932.html   (170 words)

FHC - Vol.42, No.3 Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate diurnal changes in pinealocyte ultrastructure, pineal serotonin content and plasma melatonin concentration in the domestic pig. The relative volume of mitochondria in pinealocyte perikarya was significantly higher at 1400 than at 0200 and 0900 as well as at 2100 than at 0200. The obtained results demonstrate that both pinealocyte ultrastructure and pineal biochemistry in the pig undergo significant changes in the course of the diurnal rhythm. www.cm-uj.krakow.pl /FHC/Vol42_3.html   (2087 words)

Difuzni neuroendokrini sistem i neuroendokrino-imunoloska osovina - morfofunkcionalne karakteristike u ontogenezi, ... Milin J., Demajo M., Todorovic V. The pineal gland-reactive response to long-term multifactor stress inducement performed by 18 h immobilization was found in the occurrence of different pinealocyte forms-cells of the basal activity, functionally animated cells and cells assumed to be threatened by an irreversible injury. Functionally animated pinealocytes were recognized as entities of neuroendocrine-like and ependymal-like activities dysplaying and episode of their initially increased secretory activity determined by Golgi apparatus and succeeded by a period determined by the storage of compounds arising from the cisterns of the granular reticulum. The domination of the pinealocytes with neuroendrocrine-like activity was considered to evince a stimulated, peptidergic-mediated pineal gland activity. www.ncrc.ac.yu /onkosrp/projekat/deo6.html   (3059 words)

Histol Histopathol, Vol 15, Cernuda-Cernuda et al Relatively little is known about the effects of melatonin on the aging of the pineal, the organ which is the main place for synthesis of this hormone. Using simple morphometric methods, some parameters of the pineal gland, such as total volume, number of pinealocytes and pinealocyte volume were estimated in two mice strains: normal CBA and melatonin-deficient C57BL/6J. This suggests that pineal development, which has already concluded at 6 weeks of age, is not affected by the absence of melatonin synthesis in the pinealocytes. www.hh.um.es /Abstracts/Vol_15/15_4/15_4_11.htm   (277 words)

Bibliography Nikodijevic, O. and Klein, D.C. (1989) Adenosine stimulates adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation in rat pinealocytes: Evidence for a role for adenosine in pineal neurotransmission. Chik, C., Ho, A. and Klein, D.C. -Adrenergic potentiation of vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of rat pinealocyte adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate: Evidence for a role of calcium and protein kinase-C. Endocrinology 122: 702-708. -and -β-adrenergic regulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'- monophosphate in rat pinealocytes. eclipse.nichd.nih.gov /nichd/klein/Bibliography.htm   (6667 words)

Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Inhibit the L-Type Calcium Channel Current in Rat Pinealocytes -- Chik et al. ... in rat pinealocytes was inhibited by insulin and IGF-I, and Effect of calphostin C on insulin- and PMA-mediated inhibition of L-channel currents in rat pinealocytes. Ayer-Le Lievre C, Stahlbom P-A, Sara VR 1991 Expression of IGF-I and -II mRNA in the brain and craniofacial region of the rat fetus. endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/138/5/2033   (4684 words)

USC -SOM Lance Paulman, Ph.D. Developmental expression of laminin, fibronectin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the neonatal rat hippocampus in vivo and in organotypic hippocampal cultures: Applications in the study of wound healing in the mammalian CNS. Pinealocytes of the deep pineal gland of the hamster are immunopositive for S-antigen and tyrosine hydroxylase. S-antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the in situ pineal gland of hamster and gerbil and in pineal grafts: Developmental expression of pinealocyte and glial markers. dba.med.sc.edu /PAULMAN/pubs.htm   (281 words)

2003: Pineal Gland Abstracts. Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project. Melatonin carried to the brain by the blood appears to be able to mediate the effects of photoperiod on reproduction, but it is unclear whether melatonin in CSF may fine-tune this response both in terms of timing and amplitude. The relative and absolute volumes of pinealocytes (Pi), arteries and veins, nerves, connective tissue, capillaries and glial cells, as well as mitocondria and lipid droplets in Pi, were calculated by use of point count analysis. Inhibition was observed in the presence of phenylalanine or tyrosine, but not in the presence of neutral amino acids, alanine, glycine, serine, lysine or by 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, a substrate specific for system L. The transport of tryptophan was temperature-dependent and trans-stimulated by phenylalanine and tyrosine, but was energy-, sodium-, chloride-, and pH-independent. www.flouridealert.com /pesticides/pineal.2003.abstracts.htm   (11214 words)

Venlafaxine   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Na onto pinealocyte beta-adrenoceptors effexor, effexor significantly increased anxiety. Faculty of venlafaxine the enhancement of venlafaxine desensitize pinealocyte beta-adrenoceptors. Impressions scale for inhibitor.[3] it feldkirch, austria pinealocyte beta-adrenoceptors patients. www.fistashki.com /venlafaxine/index.html   (1624 words)

Parenchymatous cell of corpus pineale - definition from Biology-Online.org A cell of the pineal body with long processes ending in bulbous expansions. Pinealocytes receive a direct innervation from sympathetic neurons that form recognizable synapses. The club-shaped endings of pinealocyte processes terminate in perivascular spaces surrounding capillaries. biology-online.org /dictionary/Parenchymatous_cell_of_corpus_pineale   (137 words)

Glia Literature - Immunocytochemical and circadian biochemical analysis of neuroactive amino acids in the pineal gland ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Semiquantitative immunocytochemistry by immuno-gold techniques revealed differences in the spatial distribution of glutamate, glutamine, and taurine within the pineal gland, with greatest labeling over pinealocytes, glia, and endothelia, respectively. At the subcellular level, glutamate labeling tended to be highest over pinealocyte synaptic ribbons and mitochondria, and lowest over lipid inclusions. These data suggest an important role for glutamate in pinealocyte function(s) possibly related to the noradrenergic innervation of the gland. www.glialcell.net /showabstract.php?pmid=1358453   (233 words)

Tramadol, buy tramadol, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, weight loss, ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Alpha 1-adrenergic potentiation of vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of rat pinealocyte adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate: evidence for a role of calcium and protein kinase-C. Chik CL, Ho AK, Klein DC. These observations indicate that Ca2+ mediates the alpha 1-adrenergic potentiation of VIP-stimulated cAMP and cGMP accumulation, as is true for the alpha 1-adrenergic potentiation of beta-adrenergic stimulated cAMP and cGMP accumulation. Activators of protein kinase-C mimicked the large effect alpha 1-adrenergic agonists have on cAMP accumulation in VIP-treated pinealocytes and had a small effect on cGMP accumulation in VIP-treated cells. ultram-online-rx.com /ref-nifedipine/nifedipine-research-abs3.1156.html   (750 words)

A HARMOUCH AND OTHERS   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) However, the effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which enters the pinealocyte and duplicates the effect of cyclic AMP, on NAT activity was similar at both ages. Moreover, we found that both alpha- and ß-adrenergic receptors are highly specific at both ages, since the binding of the specific radioligands used to their receptors could be displaced only by their corresponding agonists and antagonists. In conclusion, the results presented suggest that the relative lack of sensitivity of rat pineal gland to ß-adrenergic receptor agonists early in the postnatal development may be explained by the low levels of membrane G journals.endocrinology.org /joe/155/joe1550305.htm   (386 words)

Tramadol, buy tramadol, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, weight loss, ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) In the present study we examined the effect of VEN treatment on the melatonin content of the rat pineal gland because the synthesis of melatonin is regulated by the release of NA onto pinealocyte beta-adrenoceptors. Acute treatment with higher doses (15 mg/kg) of VEN significantly increased pineal melatonin and NA but this effect was attenuated by subchronic treatment. These data are consistent with in vitro data suggesting that VEN increases NA neurotransmission at higher doses and that repeated treatment can desensitize pinealocyte beta-adrenoceptors. altace-online.biz /effexor-online-rx/effexor-online-rx.1.html   (572 words)

The 2004 Aschoff/Pittendrigh Lecture: Theory of the Origin of the Pineal Gland-- A Tale of Conflict and Resolution -- ... A theory is presented that explains the evolution of the pinealocyte from the common ancestral photoreceptor of both the pinealocyte At the core of the conflict is the formation of adducts jbr.sagepub.com /cgi/content/abstract/19/4/264   (420 words)

A PECULIAR CONFIGURATION OF AGRANULAR RETICULUM (CANALICULATE LAMELLAR BODY) IN THE RAT PINEALOCYTE -- Lin 33 (1): 15 ... A PECULIAR CONFIGURATION OF AGRANULAR RETICULUM (CANALICULATE LAMELLAR BODY) IN THE RAT PINEALOCYTE -- Lin 33 (1): 15 -- The Journal of Cell Biology of agranular reticulum has been found in the rat pinealocyte, The functional significance of the body is unknown. www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/33/1/15   (224 words)

Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6722404 - Benzodiazepines: rat pinealocyte binding sites and augmentation of norepinephrine-stimulated N-acetyltransferase activity Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link. Benzodiazepines: rat pinealocyte binding sites and augmentation of norepinephrine-stimulated N-acetyltransferase activity www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6722404   (149 words)

Pineal organs of deep-sea fish: photopigments and structure -- Bowmaker and Wagner 207 (14): 2379 -- Journal of ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) two spectral classes of pinealocyte were identified, both spectrally Key words: photopigment, pineal organ, pinealocyte, pineal pigment, morphology, fish This article has been cited by other articles: jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/207/14/2379   (262 words)

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