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Topic: Pinhole camera

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	What is a Pinhole Camera? [pinhole.cz]
		The pinhole camera was finally also applied in modern science – during the mid-20th century scientists discovered that it could be used to photograph X-ray radiation and gamma rays, which the ordinary lens absorbs.
		While the first photograph taken with a pinhole camera was the work of Scottish scientist Sir David Brewster back in 1850, the technique became more established in photography during the late 19th century when it was noted for the soft outlines it produced, as opposed to lenses generating perfect, sharp images.
		The pinhole camera was later abandoned and it wasn't until the end of the 1960s that several artists began using it in their experiments, thus awakening renewed interest in this simple photographic apparatus which endures to this day.
	www.pinhole.cz /en/pinholecameras/whatis.html (1155 words)

	Pinhole Photography - photo.net
		Pinhole cameras were deployed in space craft by the end of the 1950s and beginning of the 60s to photograph X-rays and gamma rays from the sun.
		Pinholes are also used in surveillance and spy cameras and are used in combination with a lens for photographing miniature models, e.g.
		Cameras are made from match boxes, 35 mm film canisters, baking soda containers, oatmeal boxes, cookie tins, bags or suitcases, big wooden cases etc. Vans or station wagons have been used as pinhole cameras, and rooms in large buildings.
	photo.net /learn/pinhole/pinhole (6951 words)

	Pinhole camera
		We are grateful to pinhole camera specialist, Daniel Bouman for writing this section of the site, and for providing his superb examples of pinhole photography to illustrate it.
		Pinholes afford a simple, direct, hands-on way to have a visually exciting experience while learning the basics of photography.
		Pinhole camera photograph of Clearwater River taken on Kodak 126 film at an exposure of 1sec at /128.
	www.photographytips.com /page.cfm/2119 (441 words)

	Jon Grepstad - Pinhole Photography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pinhole cameras were deployed in space craft by the end of the 1950s and beginning of the 60s to photograph X-rays and gamma rays from the sun.
		Pinhole cameras may have short, normal or long "focal lengths"; they may be anything from ultra wide-angle cameras to long telephoto cameras.
		Cameras are made from match boxes, 35 mm film canisters, baking soda containers, oatmeal boxes, cookie tins, bags or suitcases, big wooden cases etc. Vans or station wagons have been used as pinhole cameras, and rooms in large buildings.
	home.online.no /~gjon/pinhole.htm (6943 words)

	Pinhole Photography
		Pinhole cameras were deployed in space craft by the end of the 1950s and beginning of the 60s to photograph X-rays and gamma rays from the sun.
		Pinholes are also used in surveillance and spy cameras and are used in combination with a lens for photographing miniature models, e.g.
		Cameras are made from match boxes, 35 mm film canisters, baking soda containers, oatmeal boxes, cookie tins, bags or suitcases, big wooden cases etc. Vans or station wagons have been used as pinhole cameras, and rooms in large buildings.
	www.photo.net /learn/pinhole/pinhole (6915 words)

	Pinhole Visions - Archive 371
		The classic pinhole camera is made by taping a sheet of 4 x 5- or 8 x 10-in film to the inside of a certain kind of cylindrical oatmeal box whose manufacturer's name the National Institute of Standards and Technology's policy forbids me to print.
		Spurious resolution is found only when the pinhole camera is defocused so that the image distance is too short for the pinhole or, equivalently, so that the pinhole is too large for the image distance.
		The Fresnel zone plate is a relative of the pinhole camera in that it does not use mirrors or lenses for its imaging properties.
	www.pinhole.com /archive/371 (4647 words)

	pinhole camera
		This simple pinhole camera demonstrates that light goes in a straight line, which is one of the basic principles of how any camera works.
		Pinhole cannot distinguish depth, because the wax paper image is only a two dimensional picture.
		As to the change of image size with the distance between the pinhole and the screen, one can see from the figure that each dimension of the image size varies as the distance.
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~tbardin/html/pinholecamera.html (1074 words)

	kyphoto.com \| Panoramic Pinhole Camera
		"Camera without a lens which uses a very small hole pierced in one end to allow light to pass through and form an image on the back of the camera, which can be covered by film.
		This is a basic sketch of my pinhole camera, it was modified from the original sketch I found at Jon Grepstad's webpage, the 120 sketch.
		Make sure that the entire insides of the pinhole camera is painted in matte fl, I had experienced some reflections caused by using varnish to paint the insides after I painted it fl (that was dumb).
	www.kyphoto.com /pinoramic.html (838 words)

	Pinhole Camera
		Making the pinhole camera may not take very much time, but it is important to work with care so that the camera will function properly in later use.
		In a camera the "f-stop" is the ratio of the lens focal length to the lens diameter.
		For the pinhole camera this will be the distance from the pinhole to the film location.
	www.hope.edu /academic/engineering/labs/Pinhole_Camera_Lab/Pinhole.html (1641 words)

	KODAK: How to Make a Pinhole Camera - Can Or Box
		When you aim your camera at subjects closer than 5 feet, tip the camera up slightly to allow for parallax--the difference between the view you see through the viewfinder and the image recorded on the film.
		This effect is caused by the separation between the viewfinder and the pinhole.
		Lift the fl paper to uncover the pinhole and keep the pinhole uncovered for the recommended time.
	www.kodak.com /global/en/consumer/education/lessonPlans/pinholeCamera/pinholeCanBox.shtml (1318 words)

	Howstuffworks "How does a pinhole camera work?"
		The pinhole is simply an extremely small hole like you would make with the tip of a pin in a piece of thick aluminum foil.
		The pinhole forces every point emitting light in the scene to form a small point on the film, so the image is crisp.
		The reason a normal camera uses a lens rather than a pinhole is because the lens creates a much larger hole through which light can make it onto the film, meaning the film can be exposed faster.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question131.htm (459 words)

	Pinhole Camera Kits from Pinhole Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This camera also accepts a standard Linhof lens panel for regular use with the appropiate lens but it comes complete with a double etched pinhole lens so once made up it can be used straight away as a large format pinhole camera with a variable focal length, 50 mm to 200mm.
		The Camera Obscura is made up of two boxes one that go inside the other, a lens is on the end of one and a screen is on the end of the other box.
		It gives a wonderful range of hints and tips on using and making pinhole cameras from a variety of objects such as a biscuit tin to a dustbin and even old and incomplete cameras without their lenses.
	www.pinholesolutions.co.uk /camera_kits.htm (659 words)

	Pinhole
		Pinholes can be made by careful puncturing of a disposable pie-plate or the brass shim stock found in hobby shops by a common sewing needle.
		All pinhole exposures are to a great extent empirical, misses come with the territory, and after a while we develop a feel for how much exposure each camera needs with under different lighting conditions.
		It isnít completely accurate to speak of depth of field with the pinhole image, but itís overwhelming qualities are a pure geometric perspective and that each part of the image is rendered with the same degree of definition.
	www.luminous-landscape.com /tutorials/pinhole.shtml (1879 words)

	Electronic Pinhole Camera
		The front of the Newvicon is the image plane and, as this sits right behind the faceplate of the camera body, it is necessary to use an extension ring to position the pinhole a reasonable distance from the image plane.
		Despite the incredible sensitivity of the video camera, the subject to be imaged (usually a person) must be brightly illuminated - two 500 watt spotlights at about arm's length from the subject work well.
		Turn the camera back on (it's easy to forget this and later wonder if your pinhole is not large enough when you don't see an image on the monitor).
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~scidemos/LightOptics/PinholeCamera/PinholeCamera.html (670 words)

	Bizarre Pinhole Camera page 2
		The symbol (D) is the pinhole, (f) is the film plane, and lines (b1) through (b4) are paths of light from a subject point to a corresponding image point.
		In pinhole lore, the symbol (b) without a number refers to the length of a line drawn perpendicular from the pinhole to the film plane.
		The angle of view (x) of a pinhole camera is determined by the distance of the pinhole to the film plane (b) and the width of the film plane (w).
	bizarrelabs.com /pin2.htm (710 words)

	My Pinhole Camera
		A pinhole camera projects the light from a viewed image onto the screen inside the camera; in Figure one the object is light bulb.
		The pinhole camera I made is intended to view the projection with your eyes, rather than a camera to take pictures.
		The pinhole used for my camera in chamber one is bigger than would be good for a photo-camera in order intensify the projected image for the human eye.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~dorianm/academics/comp235/pinhole (949 words)

	Pinhole Photography by Wanda Scott
		This camera was the second camera that I constructed, wanting something that would produce a larger image than my first pinhole camera.
		This camera is also a favorite as the images have a bit of contour to them, great for architectural structures.
		This pinhole camera is a kit that I ordered from Wrebbit, a Canadian Company and is a replica of an early 1800 bellows camera.
	www.wandascott.com /pinholecameras.html (1072 words)

	Steve Irvine - Pinhole Camera Photography - Cameras
		The multi-aperture camera for fl and white work is made of fl foam core board, fl duct tape, fl weather stripping, thin brass shim for the pinholes, some stiff fl plastic for the shutters, and a fl painted can for the film holder.
		This panorama camera is made from stoneware clay that has been kiln fired to 1,300°C. It has a matte fl glaze on the inside and a cobalt blue glaze on the outside.
		The pinhole was made in a piece of aluminum sheet metal and attached on the inside of the camera, behind the shutter.
	www.steveirvine.com /pinhole/cameras.html (890 words)

	speaking in praise for the roto-pinhole camera
		Pinhole photography cannot be reduced to strange anamorphic images exhibiting heavy vignetting, it does provide an unrivalled light and atmosphere, so different from conventional photographic images whatever the lens in use might be.
		My roto-pinhole camera was built with a "focal length" which is not really an ultra-wide angle; this is a personal aesthetic choice, a similar type of construction can be made with any other choice of pinhole focal length.
		Although the camera works perfectly and delivers very interesting images, this prototype still exhibits many drawbacks: it is very bulky, sensitive to wind, exposure times are long, only a single shot is possible per "shooting session"...
	www.galerie-photo.com /roto-pinhole.html (1261 words)

	History
		The pinhole, as an image-forming device, has played an important role in the evolution of the modern camera.
		The darkened room, or camera obscura, evolved into a portable room which could be moved around in the landscape and was used by Renaissance artists as an aid to rendering perspective (drawing).
		The pinhole camera still fascinates many of today's students of photography because of the apparent simplicity with which it forms an image.
	www.pinholephotography.com.au /History/history.html (459 words)

	Be A Design Group: Pinhole Camera (part 3) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If you have ever made a pinhole camera, you recognize that there are major drawbacks to traditional pinhole photography.
		Most digital cameras should be able to focus at this close range and it allows enough room for your camera to fit in the pinhole camera.
		My pinhole box camera design could probably be used in combination with most digital cameras as long as you can figure out how to connect the camera to the box without letting light leak into the box.
	www.beadesigngroup.com /blog/archives/2005/01/pinhole_camera_2.html (1658 words)

	oatmeal box pinhole camera
		Pinhole cameras can be made out of any light tight containers, such as shoe boxes, film cans, specially made containers, even hats and houses.
		For many exposures, or for excursions far from the darkroom, make several pinhole cameras and carry them in a fl trash bag or large cardboard box.
		Make multiple pinholes on one piece of tinfoil, on one camera, for overlapping images or for several images on one piece of film.
	www.astro.wisc.edu /~mukluk/pin.html (1107 words)

	Pinhole Camera Reading
		All cameras, from the most sophisticated to the pinhole, rely on the same elementary principles, performing in similar fashion to the human eye.Like your eyes, the camera needs light to operate.
		Consequently, the pinhole camera can produce surprising results using just a light-tight box to capture the image transmitted to film through a simple hole (aperture) made with a pin or, for a better level of performance, a sewing needle.
		The camera body can be made from any container that is practical to handle and can be fixed so that it will not allow stray light (all but light entering through the aperture) to enter.
	acept.la.asu.edu /PiN/rdg/camera/camera.shtml (2487 words)

	Constructing a Pinhole Camera
		Obviously, the most critical element of a good pinhole camera is a clean, round pinhole of the proper size for a given focal length.
		The wide-angle pinhole camera in the front is fitted with a 6x6 film back made for 4x5 view cameras.
		This photo was taken with a pinhole camera, which has a focal length of 2.75" and a pinhole diameter of 0.0126" for an aperture of f218.
	users.frii.com /lpg/camera.html (1811 words)

	The Pinhole Camera
		The Greeks, however, are not remembered for their ability to putter around, so the pinhole camera waited in the wings for almost 1500 years.
		Della Porta's pinhole camera was a large, dark room with a fairly sizeable hole in one wall.
		Spurious resolution is found only when the pinhole camera is defocused so that the image distance is too short for the pinhole or, equivalently, so that the pinhole is too large for the image distance.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/photography/photproces/pinholephot/pinholcam/pinholecam.htm (4539 words)

	126 Instamatic Pinhole Camera (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pinhole cameras are a lot of fun, but the typical design require you to
		You can load and unload the camera in daylight, make up to 24 pictures without changing the cartridge, and have a photo lab develop and print the film.
		To prevent light from entering your camera and spoiling the pictures, use the small piece of tape on the fl paper to hold it down over the pinhole after each exposure.
	www.frugalphotographer.com /pinhole_camera.htm (1030 words)

	Popular Woodworking Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When I was about 12, I made my first pinhole camera from a Quaker Oats container, a scrap of tin foil and electrical tape.
		When building a pinhole camera, one of the most important things is the distance between the pinhole and the film.
		To allow your camera to be mounted to a tripod, install a 1/4" x 20 tpi threaded insert into the tripod mount piece.
	www.popularwoodworking.com /features/fea.asp?id=1048 (951 words)

	Pinhole camera 4x5 formats Pi
		The Lensless Camera Manufacturing Company is proud to offer you a line of hand crafted, made in America, pinhole cameras in various film sizes and focal lengths.
		Our standard cameras are made from 1/2" 9 laminate birch (walnut stained with polyurethane finish) and have vertical and horizontal tripod mounts.
		Our unique camera designs make it possible to use cut film holders or Polaroid backs such as those used with lensed cameras, thus eliminating the need to load the camera in the darkroom.
	www.pinholecamera.com (308 words)

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