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Topic: Pinna

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	Pinna Abnormalities And Low-Set Ears - Health EncyclopediaNews Story - WNBC \| New York
		Pinna abnormalities and low-set ears refer to?abnormalities in the shape or position of the outer ear (pinna or auricle).
		During fetal development, the outer ear or "pinna" forms at a time when many other critical organs are developing (such as the kidneys).
		Common abnormalities include abnormal folds in the pinna, prominence of the ears, low-set positioning, abnormal rotation of the pinna, and even absence of the pinna.
	www.wnbc.com /encyclopedia/6864271/detail.html (664 words)

	Pinna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pinna (Latin for feather) is the visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head.
		We often use the pinna, which is also called the auricle, for hanging earrings and resting eyeglasses, pencils, and cigarettes; but the evolutionary purpose of the pinna is to collect sound.
		While reflecting from the pinna, sound also goes through a filtering process which adds directional information to the sound (see sound localization, head-related transfer function, pinna notch).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pinna (377 words)

	UIC, Dept. of Psychiatry
		Pinna G, Uzunova V, Matsumoto K, Puia G, Mienville JM, Costa E and Guidotti A: Brain allopregnanolone regulates the potency of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol.
		Pinna G, Brödel O, Visser T, Jeitner A, Grau H, Eravci M, Meinhold H and Baumgartner A: Concentrations of seven iodothyronine metabolites in brain regions and the liver of the adult rat.
		Pinna G, Dong E, Matsumoto K, Costa E and Guidotti A: In socially isolated mice, the reversal of brain allopregnanolone down-regulation mediates the anti-aggressive action of fluoxetine.
	www.psych.uic.edu /faculty/pinna.htm (498 words)

	Lorenzo A.- Pinna - Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Sarno, P. Ghisellini and L.A. Pinna "Unique activatory mechanism of protein kinase CK2: The N-terminal segment is essential for constitutive activity of the catalytic subunit, but not of the holoenzyme." (2002) J. Biol.
		Ruzzene, D. Penzo and L.A. Pinna "Protein kinase CK2 inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) induces apoptosis and caspase dependent degradation of HS1 protein in Jurkat cells" (2002) Biochem.
		Pinna "Protein kinase CK2: a challenge to canons" (2002) J. Cell Sci.
	www.vimm.it /Research/Publications/pinnapub (572 words)

	Pinna abnormalities and low-set ears (Symptom) - Des Moines, Iowa Health Hospital IA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		During fetal development, the outer ear or "pinna" forms at a time when many other critical organs are developing (such as the kidneys).
		Abnormalities in the shape or positioning of the pinna may be an indication that there are other associated abnormalities present.
		Common abnormalities include abnormal folds in the pinna, prominence of the ears, low-set positioning, abnormal rotation of the pinna, and even absence of the pinna.
	www.iowahealth.org /14716.cfm (451 words)

	StereoTimes -- Ear Pinna and Realism in Music Reproduction
		In this article when I refer to pinna, this should be understood to include the shadowing, reflection, and diffraction due to the head and torso, and the resonances in the pinna cavities, particulary the large bowl known as the concha.
		In their action a pair of pinnae are exquisitely sensitive mechanical amplifiers that convert small changes in incident sound angles to dramatic changes in the fixed unique, picket fence, patterns that each individual's brain has learned to associate with a particular direction.
		Another way of describing this process is to say that the pinna converts small differences in the angle of sound incidence into large changes in the shape of complex waveforms by inducing large shifts in the amplitude and even the polarity of the sinewave components of such waveforms.
	www.stereotimes.com /comm0499.shtml (3623 words)

	Pinna reflections
		The delays inroduced by the pinna were easliy seen to depend on the orientation of the sound source with respect to the pinna.
		Hebrank and wright argue that the pinna notch is domiant cue for localization in the median vertical plane.
		The case of the pinna spectral notches is attributed to the reflection of the sound from the posterior concha wall.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /~vikas/Current_research/pinna_spectral_notches_web/pinna_reflection.htm (584 words)

	Pinna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Recent research indicates that the pinnae are of importance in sound localization since they reflect incoming sound in ways that depend on the angle of the source.
		Front-back distinctions appear to be made on the basis of the reflections off the various ridges of the pinnae.
		Since these reflections do not occur for sounds coming from behind, sounds lacking this information (as in most microphone recordings) tend to be localized toward the back of the listener when heard over headphones.
	www.sfu.ca /sonic-studio/handbook/Pinna.html (231 words)

	Ambiophonics by Ralph Glasgal: The Ear Pinna and Realism in Music Reproduction
		In this article when I refer to pinna, this should be understood to include the shadowing, reflection, and diffraction due to the head and torso, and the resonances in the pinna cavities, particulary the large bowl known as the concha.
		In their action a pair of pinnae are exquisitely sensitive mechanical amplifiers that convert small changes in incident sound angles to dramatic changes in the fixed unique, picket fence, patterns that each individual's brain has learned to associate with a particular direction.
		Another way of describing this process is to say that the pinna converts small differences in the angle of sound incidence into large changes in the shape of complex waveforms by inducing large shifts in the amplitude and even the polarity of the sinewave components of such waveforms.
	www.ambiophonics.org /pinna.htm (3626 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Anatomy and Mechanism of Injury The external ear is comprised of the external auditory meatus (or ear canal) and the pinna (or auricle).
		The pinna's layers consist of: (1) the epidermis, or outermost layer of skin, (2) the dermis, or deep skin layer, and (3) the elastic cartilage, which gives the pinna shape and support.
		While the posterior pinna has the ability to withstand the shear force due to the greater amount of adipose tissue (and the increased ability to slide), the anterior skin/cartilage interface does not slide as readily and is more easily disrupted.
	www.sportsci.org /encyc/drafts/Auricular_hematoma.doc (1436 words)

	Pinna :: Premalignant and MalignantCutaneous Lesions :: 14
		Pinna :: Premalignant and MalignantCutaneous Lesions :: 14
		Verruca vulgaris is a benign, localized, epithelial hyperplasia caused by the human wart virus of the papova virus group (a group of small DNA oncogenic viruses).
		A small wart can be seen in the conchal bowl, just adjacent to the posterior wall of the meatus.
	pinna.hawkelibrary.com /malignant/1_119_L (68 words)

	Pinna Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The research field of the laboratory of Lorenzo A. Pinna is protein phosphorylation in signal transduction, with special reference to structure-function analysis and definition of specificity determinants of protein kinases implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis.
		A. Negro, A-M. Brunati, A. Donella-Deana and L.A. Pinna "Multiple phosphorylation of a-synuclein by protein tyrosine kinase Syk prevents eosin induced aggregation" (2002) FASEB J, 16, 210-212.
		S. Sarno, P. Ghisellini and L.A. Pinna "Unique activatory mechanism of protein kinase CK2: The N-terminal segment is essential for constitutive activity of the catalytic subunit, but not of the holoenzyme." (2002) J. Biol.
	www.vimm.it /Research/Groups/Pinna.htm (290 words)

	Geriatric Otology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In cats, abscesses of the pinna are usually caused by a penetrating wound inflicted by the claw of another cat.
		The surgical removal of the pinna in the cat and dog are similar, but along the base of the dog's pinna on the convex side the skin is incised and the individual arteries and veins are freed and ligated separately for effective hemorrhage control.
		After hemorrhage is controlled, the pinna is then removed by cutting the cartilage and the skin on the concave side and the skin edges are closed using standard suturing techniques.
	www.dermapet.com /articles/geriatric_otology.html (4146 words)

	Diseases of the Pinna: Introduction - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Clinically, the lesions are characterized by depigmented, hyperkeratotic, coalescing papules and plaques localized to the concave aspect of the pinna.
		Squamous cell carcinoma of the pinnae is treated with surgical excision followed by radiation therapy.
		Canine juvenile cellulitis is an uncommon disorder of puppies and is characterized by granulomatous, sterile pustules of the face, pinnae, and submandibular lymph nodes.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/30800.htm (1973 words)

	Pinna Movements of the Cat during Sound Localization -- Populin and Yin 18 (11): 4233 -- Journal of Neuroscience
		Pinna movements were routinely recorded with coils anchored to the pinna.
		Circles represent the change in pinna position for the targets at (9°,0°); triangles represent the change in pinna position for the targets at (18°,0°); and the standard bars represent ±2 SE of the sample mean; n = 62 (23 visual and 39 auditory trials).
		Henkel CK (1981) Afferent sources of a lateral midbrain tegmental zone associated with the pinnae in the cat as mapped by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/11/4233 (6574 words)

	Fern identification - pinnate-pinnatifid fronds
		Are there small tufts of rusty-brown hairs at the base of each pinna where the midrib of the pinnae meets the midrib of the frond (no sori on pinnae but on a separate spore-bearing frond)?
		Fern speak: pinna (plural: pinnae) is the little leaf-looking part of the frond; pinnules are the "lobes" on the pinnae
		Is the lower surface of the pinnae conspicuously resin-dotted and the rhizome erect?
	www.audubon.org /local/sanctuary/corkscrew/Wildlife/FernID/Pinnate_pinnatifid.html (1544 words)

	Italian biplane fighter aces - Mario Pinna
		Pinna was picked up by soldiers from the Folgore Division and later collected by a Fiesler Storch.
		During the war Pinna was awarded with two Medaglie d'argento al valore militare (Silver medals for military valour) and one Medaglia di bronzo al valore militare (Bronze medals for military valour).
		Pinna ended the war with 1 biplane victory and a total of 5 destroyed.
	surfcity.kund.dalnet.se /italy_pinna.htm (1889 words)

	Pinna and the Cuttle Fish- Text Only (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		One of the worst enemies of the pinna is a critter called the cuttle fish.
		This is trouble for the pinna since all his other enemies would love to swim by and dine on some escargot hanging out a window.
		This crab-like creature is the constant companion of the pinna.
	www.nuggetsoftruth.com /pinnatv.html (656 words)

	PINNA / CONCHA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A Video Oto-Macrograph (VOM) of an adult male pinna is shown in Figure 2 (41k) with the same features labeled in the standard hybrid English/Latin nomenclature.
		Figure 4 (33k)demonstrates the location (4B) of the auricular cartilage (4C) within the pinna (4A).
		The cartilage illustrated in figure 3 has been graphically morphed to conform to the pinna in figure 2.
	www.rcsullivan.com /www/pinna.htm (122 words)

	"High" ear piercing and the rising incidence of perichondritis of the pinna British Medical Journal - Find Articles
		Case 3--A 23 year old woman was referred by her general practitioner with multiple, unsightly lesions on her right pinna, which occasionally discharged pus.
		At operation, the lesions were seen to consist of granulations, indicating chronic inflammation, and were associated with significant erosions of the cartilage.
		Although the initial cosmetic results were satisfactory, the patient was warned that notching of the outer rim of the pinna may occur in the long term after scarring and contraction, which often occurs when such cartilaginous damage heals.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0999/is_7291_322/ai_74435267 (827 words)

	Dog Ears
		The ears are composed of external pinna (outside portion of the ear) and a skin-lined canal (the external ear canal) descending (vertical and horizontal portions) to the ear drum (the tympanic membrane).
		The portion of the pinna that is contiguous with the ear canal is called the concave surface and the other side...with fur on it...is the convex surface.
		Further, if dystrophic mineralization of the of the ear pinna or canal is present, then the prognosis for even acceptable long-term management is markedly reduced.
	www.newmanveterinary.com /EarsII.html (3584 words)

	HRTEM Gallery :: Nicola Pinna's HRTEM image gallery of nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires....
		The images of the nanoparticles displayed on this web site are the property of Nicola Pinna and of the Max Plank Institut of Colloids and Interfaces or the Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg.
		Pinna, G. Garnweitner, M. Antonietti, M. Niederberger, Adv.
		TEM image of a single tetrapod (a), SAED (b), HRTEM of a single arm (c), the magnification of the white square (d), and its square of the Fourier transform (power spectrum) (e)
	www.pinna.cx /gallery/HRTEM (375 words)

	Pinna Self Catering Apartments, Hvar, Island of Hvar, Croatia \| Booking
		Ideally situated on an extraordinary island in the Adriatic just off the coast of Croatia, the rooms to rent at the Pinna Self-Catering apartments provide the perfect location for memorable summer holidays on the sunniest island in Croatia, the Island of Hvar.
		Pinna Apartments in Hvar offers you accommodation in a beautiful 300 year old house, traditionally built in stone, situated in the center of the old town Hvar, just a few metres from the beach.
		"Pinna appartementi" situati in una casa trecentesca tradizionalmente costruita in pietra al centro di Lesina a circa 100 metri dalla spiaggia vi offrono vacanze estive sull'isola piu' bella dell'Adriatico.
	www.pinna-apartments.com (256 words)

	[No title]
		The pinna (Latin for feather) is the visible part of the ear that resides outside
		Pinna: The ear or, to be more precise, the part of the ear
		De Pinna, the long-established firm of Scrivener Notaries...
	www.howstuffworks.com /search2.php?pg=&server=www.howstuffworks.com&terms=pinna (231 words)

	pinna
		The visible part of the outer ear, which serves to collect sound and funnel it into the external auditory meatus (ear canal).
		Also known as the auricle, it is present in some mammals, including humans, and is made of cartilage.
		In some species, such as cats and dogs, the pinna is movable and helps locate the direction from which sounds are coming.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/pinna.html (150 words)

	www.myspace.com/pinnaproductions
		Pinna Productions' Audio Team was set up in 2005 by chief engineers and sound designers, Kev and Sonny.
		Having met at University studying Audio Engineering and working in the industry, they decided to form a base from which to work, and use as a platform to launch themselves, other engineers/producers and the artistes they were involved with.
		Our aim at Pinna Productions is to offer the full package of audio products to help reduce the cost of production, which occurs when using multiple companies.
	www.myspace.com /pinnaproductions (1097 words)

	Pinna
		Born in Oschiri (Sassari) in 1918, Pinna received a degree in literature from the University of Pisa, where he attended the Scuola Normale Superiore.
		Always reluctant to collect his verse in volume, Pinna remains almost unpublished, having published so far only a few poems in reviews and in the aforementioned anthology.
		Mario Pinna writes in the dialect of Logudoro, which the advocates of a true Sardinian language would like to see as the mother tongue of the island.
	home.att.net /~l.bonaffini/pinna.htm (1001 words)

	Ambiophonics, 2nd Edition - Chapter 4
		Repairing the discrepancy between what the present recording and playback methods deliver and what the human ear pinnae expect and require is the last major psychoacoustic barrier to be overcome, both in hi-fi music reproduction and in the hot PC multi-media field.
		In this case the shadowing effect of the head assists the pinna in the process until you are facing the source head on.
		In the same vein, the sensitivity of the pinnae to the directions from which any sound comes dictates that reconstructed or recorded early reflections or reverberant tails attributed to the sides or rear of a concert hall should not come to the home ears from the main front speakers.
	www.ambiophonics.org /Ch_4_ambiophonics_2nd_edit.htm (4147 words)

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