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Topic: Pinnipedia

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Arctocephalinae

True seal

Caniformia

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Marine mammal

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	Pinnipedia (Seals & Sea Lions)
		The name Pinnipedia is made of two Latin words: pinna (feather or wing) and pedis (foot).
		Some believe that pennipeds are part of the family Carnivora, while others believe that pennipeds are a separate family.
		The order Pinnipedia contains three families and a total of 33 species.
	www.thebigzoo.com /zoo/Pinnipedia.asp (88 words)

	Comparative Placentation
		This is the case despite the frequency of captive sea lions and seals in aquaria and zoos.
		All Pinnipedia that I have examined had a diffusely distributed “fetal interstitial gland” as was also described by Mossman and Duke (1973).
		There are numerous studies on various Pinnipedia regarding worm and virus infections, and especially, on the accumulation of toxic substances, organic and metallic.
	medicine.ucsd.edu /cpa/seal.htm (4087 words)

	Pinnipedia
		Pinnipedia is a suborder of the order Carnivora that includes the families:
		If the latter is the case, "Pinnipedia" would be a paraphyletic grouping with no taxonomic meaning.
		Recent studies of mitochondrial DNA, however, have lent credence to the monophyletic hypothesis: that is, the evidence is currently on the side of a single-ancestor theory.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pi/Pinniped.html (113 words)

	seal (mammal) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pinnipeds are large marine mammals belonging to the Pinnipedia, a suborder of the order Carnivora.
		The true seals, sea lions, fur seals and Walrus are all pinnipeds.
		If this were so, Pinnipedia would be a paraphyletic grouping with no taxonomic meaning.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Seal_(mammal).html (202 words)

	CARNOT, LAZARE HIPPOLYTE - LoveToKnow Article on CARNOT, LAZARE HIPPOLYTE
		The true seals (family Phocidae) are the most completely adapted for aquatic life of all the Pinnipedia.
		When on land the hind-limbs are extended backwards and take no part in progression, Seals, which is effected by a series of jumping movements produced by the muscles of the trunk, in some species aided by the fore-limbs.
		The third and last family of the Pinnipedia, ancf thus of existing Carnivora, is the Otariida.e, which includes the eared seals, or sealions and sea-bears.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CARNOT_LAZARE_HIPPOLYTE.htm (2908 words)

	Russian Science News
		Murmansk is the only city in the world where the scientists study the behavior of the Pinnipedia of the Phocidae family in the Seaquarium of Lake Semenovskoe, where bearded seals (Erignatus barbatus), ringed seals (Phoca hispidia), gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) and Greenland seals (Histriophoca groenlandica) live.
		He suggested that the Institute specialists should investigate the abilities of the Pinnipedia inhibiting the Barents Sea to develop a set of complicated behavioral skills.
		The Academician was so much impressed by the success of the Seaquarium pinnipedia, that he promised to facilitate granting the necessary funds.
	www.informnauka.ru /eng/2001/2001-09-10-0315_e.htm (897 words)

	* Pinniped - (Animals): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In fact, some mammalogists consider pinnipeds to be merely a subgroup of the order Carnivora, and do not recognize the ordinal classification of Pinnipedia...
		The Hawaiian monk seal belongs to the order of pinnipedia (from Latin meaning wing-footed), a term that explains their webbed feet.
		There are 32 members of the Order Pinnipedia (fin-footed) in the world, 18 of which are true seals.
	www.bestknows.com /animals/pinniped.html (371 words)

	WaveLength Paddling Magazine - December/January 1998 Issue
		Seals, Sea lions and Walruses are currently placed in a Sub-order, the Pinnipedia, of the Order Carnivora which also includes the bears, dogs, racoons, weasles (including otters), hyenas, cats, and mongooses.
		There have been many recent studies on the genetic and fossil history of these groups and their place in the scheme of mammalian classification may well change in the near future.
		All of these animals must come ashore to breed, give birth and nurse their young, though some species are at sea for several months at a time while others return to the shore every day.
	www.wavelengthmagazine.com /1998/dj98pinnipeds.php (821 words)

	AllRefer.com - carnivore (Zoology: General) - Encyclopedia
		This large order is divided into two suborders, the Fissipedia, or land carnivores, and the Pinnipedia, or fin-footed carnivores.
		The Fissipedia encompasses two superfamilies: one (Canoidea) includes the dog, bear, raccoon, and weasel families and the other (Feloidea) includes the cat, civet, and hyena families.
		The Pinnipedia, often classified as a separate order, includes the seal, sea lion, and walrus families.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/carnivor.html (251 words)

	Robben - Wikipedia
		Die Robben (Pinnipedia) sind eine Gruppe zum Wasserleben übergegangener Raubtiere (Carnivora).
		Die hier gezeigte Hypothese ist am weitesten verbreitet, doch gibt es auch widersprechende Ansichten, in denen beispielsweise die Marder oder der Kleine Panda als Schwestergruppen der Robben angesehen werden.
		Die Beziehung zwischen Menschen und Robben ist stark von der Region abhängig, in der sich eine menschliche Kultur befand.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robben (4610 words)

	seal, sea lion, and walrus -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Streamlined bodies with thick layers of fat, flippers for limbs, flattened hands and feet with webbed digits, hairy coats for protection from sand and rocks—seals, sea lions, and walrus are adapted for life in and out of the water.
		All are members of the suborder Pinnipedia of aquatic, fin-footed mammals.
		There are two types of seals: the earless, or true, seals (family Phocidae); and the eared seals (family Otariidae), which comprise the sea lions and fur seals.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9276961?tocId=9276961 (948 words)

	ScienceMaster - JumpStart - Seals and Sea Lions
		Seals, sea lions and walrus are currently placed in the Suborder Pinnipedia in the Order Carnivora, which also includes the bears, dogs, racoons, and weasels (including otters).
		The word pinnipedia translates from Latin as "fin foot," referring to their often large fin-like flippers.
		All pinnipeds must come ashore to breed, give birth and nurse their young, though some species are at sea for several months at a time while others return to the shore every day.
	www.sciencemaster.com /jump/life/seals.php (1027 words)

	International Year of the Ocean - Seals & Sea Lions - Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Seals, Sea lions and Walrus are currently placed in a Sub-order, the Pinnipedia, of the Order Carnivora which also includes the bears, dogs, raccoons, weasels (including otters), hyenas, cats, and mongooses.
		There have many recent studies on the genetic and fossil history of these groups and their place in the scheme of mammalian classification may well change in the near future.
		The term pinnipedia translates from Latin as "fin foot." All of these animals must come ashore to breed, give birth and nurse their young, though some species are at sea for several months at a time while others return to the shore every day.
	www.yoto98.noaa.gov /books/seals/seals1.htm (522 words)

	Robben (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Der Begriff Pinnipedia leitet sich aus dem lateinischen Wort pinna - was Flosse bedeutet - und dem Wort pedis (lat.
		Hinsichtlich der taxonomischen Einordnung bezeichnet Pinnipedia für einige Wissenschaftler zum Teil heute noch eine eigene Ordnung, für andere dagegen eine Unterordnung.
		Die Pinnipedia teilen sich in zwei große und eine kleinere Gruppe auf.
	www.marine-mammals.de /species/species_seals1.htm (245 words)

	Seal at exZOOberance!
		Even though the hunting of seals is now much less intense than in the past, threats from pollution, especially oil spills, and the accumulation of marine debris such as lost or discarded fishing line and nets still cause many deaths among seals.
		Scientific classification: Seals are classified in the suborder Pinnipedia of the large mammalian order, Carnivora.
		The true seals make up the family Phocidae, and the harbor seal is classified as Phoca vitulina; the northern elephant seal is classified as Mirounga angustirostris; and the Hawaiian monk seal is classified as Monachus schauinslandi.
	www.exzooberance.com /virtual%20zoo/they%20swim/seal/seal.htm (2652 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Low-Frequency Sound and Marine Mammals: Current Knowledge and Research Needs (1994)
		The species of the order Cetacea and suborder Pinnipedia that live strictly in freshwater are also protected under this law, and thus they are included in this discussion.
		Pinnipedia Pinniped means ''feather footed,'' and the suborder Pinnipedia includes three families: Otariidae (fur seals and sea lions), Odobenidae (walrus), and Phocidae (true seals).
		Historically, almost all pinnipeds were hunted for fur, meat, oil, or ivory.
	books.nap.edu /books/0309050251/html/65.html (2235 words)

	Ch16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		4.1 Suborder Pinnipedia - Seals, sea lions, and walruses
		There are 34 species of pinnipeds (Suborder Pinnipedia), all of which are assigned to 3 families of the mammalian order Carnivora: the Otariidae, Phocidae and Odobenidae.
		The otariids are the 14 species of sea lions and fur seals, sometimes referred to as the eared or walking seals.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T0725E/t0725e0g.htm (2982 words)

	Pinnipeds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pinnipeds are carnivorous aquatic mammals that use flippers for movement on land and in the water.
		Seals, sea lions, and walruses all belong to the same taxonomic suborder called Pinnipedia or the "fin-footed." Pinnipeds spend the majority of their lives swimming and eating in water and have adopted their bodies to move easily through their aquatic habitat.
		Pinnipeds do not move well on land, however pinnipeds do venture onto land or ice floes to bear their young, sunbathe, and molt.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /education/pinnipeds.htm (195 words)

	Carnivora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Members of Carnivora have a characteristic skull shape, and their dentition includes prominent canines and carnassials.
		Older classification schemes divided the order into two suborders, Fissipedia, which included the families of primarily land carnivores, and suborder Pinnipedia, which included the true seals, eared seals, and walrus.
		Newer classification schemes, which have been able to integrate the findings from molecular techniques for discovering genetic relationships, generally divide the Carnivora into suborders Feliformia and Caniformia, which includes the pinnipeds.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/ca/Carnivora.htm (273 words)

	Ecology & Evolution: Evolution of Pinnipeds: Text/title> (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Some taxonomists (e.g., King 1983) do not consider the pinnipeds as a separate order but instead include them as a suborder under the order Carnivora within the arctoid group of carnivores.
		Still others (e.g., Eisenburg 1981; Nowak and Paradiso 1983) feel that because of the pinnipeds' uniqueness as a group, it is convenient to regard them as a separate order, as I will do here.
		At least everyone seems to agree that the Pinnipedia is made up of two superfamilies: the Otarioidea and the Phocoidea.
	polarmet.mps.ohio-state.edu /ASPIRE_99/seals/science/evxt.htm (4070 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An Annotated Bibliography on the Pinnipedia: Original Volume
		An Annotated Bibliography on the Pinnipedia: Supplement 1
		Population Morphology of Pinnipedia: Species Variability and Spatial Structure
	www.nhbs.com /we-sell-books-worldwide/z365az.html (313 words)

	Lycos Search Results: web results for pinnipedia 1 thru 10 of 11,100
		...the pinnipeds to be monophyletic and basal to all living carnivores (feliform and caniform), and place it in a separate order, the Pinnipedia.
		Research on the relation between fisheries and Marine Mammals in the North Pacific Ocean and Eastern Bering Sea.
		Biology and conservation of the Mediterranean, Hawaiian, and Caribbean monk seals.
	search.lycos.com /?lpv=1&loc=searchhp&query=pinnipedia (204 words)

	Order Pinnipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Pinnipedia ("fin foot") includes the so-called aquatic carnivores.
		In contrast to some aquatic true Carnivora (i.e.
		One species has been recorded from Texas, but it is now extinct.
	www.nsrl.ttu.edu /tmot1/ordpinni.htm (133 words)

	Pinnipedia- Seals and Sea Lions Trivia and Quizzes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pinnipedia- Seals and Sea Lions Trivia and Quizzes
		Highest 'Pinnipedia- Seals and Sea Lions' Scores -
		If you don't think walruses are fascinating, please try this quiz and see if it can change your mind.
	www.funtrivia.com /quizlistgold.cfm?cat=12939 (157 words)

	Systematics of the Carnivora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Traditionally, the Carnivora have been classified in two suborders: the Pinnipedia, which includes the seals and sea lions, and the Fissipedia, which includes all land-dwelling carnivores.
		Defined in this way, however, the Fissipedia is paraphyletic, since pinnipeds evolved from an arctoid (bear-like) land-living ancestor.
		Some scientists treat the Pinnipedia as a separate order from the Carnivora, while others include them in the Carnivora.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mammal/carnivora/carnivorasy.html (168 words)

	Science> Biology> Flora and Fauna> Animalia> Chordata> Mammalia> Pinnipedia> Walrus
		Biology> Flora and Fauna> Animalia> Chordata> Mammalia> Pinnipedia> Walrus" href="http://www.computerrescue911.com/ODP/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Pinnipedia/Walrusrss.xml">
		Science, Biology, Flora and Fauna, Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Pinnipedia, Walrus
		Top: Science: Biology: Flora_and_Fauna: Animalia: Chordata: Mammalia: Pinnipedia: Walrus:
	www.computerrescue911.com /ODP/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Pinnipedia/Walrus (117 words)

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