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Topic: Pinon Jay

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Jay

Aphelocoma

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Gymnorhinus

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Corvidae

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	Blue Jays in the Mojave
		Jays are a sub-family of crows (the corvid family), intelligent, opportunistic and gregarious.
		All the jays harvest pine nuts from the pinon pine and cache them as a food source, but the pinon jay is an expert.
		Since the pinon seeds are heavy and have no wings or plumes for air travel the jay becomes the seeds transport mechanism.
	www.accessclarkcounty.com /newsletters/sand_m/July_2005/Jul_bluejay.html (609 words)

	The pine & the jay - symbiosis between blue pinon jays and pine trees - Forest Facts American Forests - Find Articles
		The reproductive cycle of the jay seemingly coincides with the ripening of the seed crops of the pine; likewise, the pine depends on the jay for the dissemination of its seeds.
		With their probe-like bill, the jays plant the pinon seeds in the soft ground under the canopy of other trees, to be stored for later consumption.
		As the jay flies away, he may have left several plump pinon seeds nestled in the ground, either to await his return or to germinate when the warmth of spring arrives.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1016/is_n1-2_v98/ai_11830840 (883 words)

	The pine & the jay - symbiosis between blue pinon jays and pine trees - Forest Facts American Forests - Find Articles
		The reproductive cycle of the jay seemingly coincides with the ripening of the seed crops of the pine; likewise, the pine depends on the jay for the dissemination of its seeds.
		With their probe-like bill, the jays plant the pinon seeds in the soft ground under the canopy of other trees, to be stored for later consumption.
		As the jay flies away, he may have left several plump pinon seeds nestled in the ground, either to await his return or to germinate when the warmth of spring arrives.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1016/is_n1-2_v98/ai_11830840 (900 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> jay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Jay is a common name for several species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy passerine or perching birds in the family Corvidae, or crow family.
		They are closely allied to the magpies and the names 'jay' and 'magpie' are somewhat interchangeable, not reflecting any genuine genetic difference between the two groups.
		See also the ground jays, treepies, magpies, nutcrackers and crows.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/jay (99 words)

	The Eldorado Sun 3
		Before this ecological meltdown piñon jay populations were in serious decline; according to statewide surveys there are only one-quarter as many piñon jays in New Mexico today as there were in 1968.
		Jays remove the dark seeds and the aborted tan seeds are left in the cones.
		To test them further, jays hold the seeds in their bill for a second or two and rapidly shake them in a process known as "bill clicking." This is learned behavior because birds raised in captivity do not bill click.
	www.eldoradosun.com /Archives/01_04_issue/Sun_pg3.htm (2848 words)

	Pinon - Encyclopedia.com
		Seed and seedling ecology of pinon and juniper species in the pygmy woodlands of western North America.
		Pinon Canyon ranchers rally to stop Army expansion: Some charge the Army has lied about who wants to sell the land to them.
		Pinon Canyon opponents to voice concerns: New map of ?area of interest' doesn't calm landowners' fears.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Pinon.html (480 words)

	Pinon Penny's collection of press clippings addressingPinon Pine Mortality and die off, News about Pinon pine trees. An ...
		Terry Rogers, an entomologist with the U.S. Forest Service in Albuquerque, said 4 million pinons have died around Cochiti Pueblo.Now, the beetle hordes are pushing their invasion south, into Placitas and the mountains east of Albuquerque.
		Before this ecological meltdown, pinon jay populations were in serious decline.
		With Jays and seed declining, expasion of pinon range is hard to envision.
	www.pinenut.com /pinonnews.html (1829 words)

	New Mexico Pinion Coffee - Pinon Facts
		The New Mexico Pinon tree is one of eleven species of soft pine that are known as North American nut pines.
		The Pinon tree in New Mexico is known scientifically as "Pinus Eldus." Its distinguishing characteristics are needles in bunches of two.
		It is the prominent nut pine in the Southwest.
	www.nmpinoncoffee.com /pinonfacts.htm (284 words)

	Animal Life in the Yosemite (Birds)
		In behavior the Piñon Jay is quite the opposite of the California Jay, for it is calm and deliberate in movement rather than excitable and fidgety.
		The roving habit of the Piñon Jay and its colonial nature are probably both related to the marked preference of the bird for the seeds of the piñon, which, for most of the year, form the staple article of its diet.
		The query arose as to whether the seeds in this jay's throat had been gathered to feed her young which were to be seen near by, still in juvenal dress though fullgrown, or whether she had intended to cache the seeds somewhere against a time of want during the on-coming winter.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/grinnell/birds103.htm (760 words)

	Scrub_Jay
		Scrub (esp oak, pinon and juniper), brush, chaparral, pine-oak woodland.
		Through at least 1930s organized "shoots" held by farmers and fruit growers in CA to reduce jay numbers because of ostensible damage to crops; nearly 1,500 birds occ killed in one day.
		Cache food and steal from Acorn Woodpecker caches; likely serve as major disperser for oaks and pinon pines by burying acorns and seeds and failing to recover them.
	www.stanford.edu /group/stanfordbirds/text/species/Scrub_Jay.html (270 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Perhaps the most familiar jay are blue jays, widely distributed across eastern North America and in recent years to an expanded range throughout the northern Rockies as far west as Oregon.
		Pinyon jays inhabit the drier pinewoods of the southwest.
		Although a large, permanent population of scrub jays lives in much of the West, Florida scrub jays are restricted completely to the central part of that state and consequently have developed some unique characteristics.
	www.wildbird.com /content/speciesprofiles_j (907 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Perhaps the most familiar jay are blue jays, widely distributed across eastern North America and in recent years to an expanded range throughout the northern Rockies as far west as Oregon.
		Pinyon jays inhabit the drier pinewoods of the southwest.
		Although a large, permanent population of scrub jays lives in much of the West, Florida scrub jays are restricted completely to the central part of that state and consequently have developed some unique characteristics.
	www.wildbirdcenter.com /content/speciesprofiles_j (907 words)

	Conclusion
		The interdependency of the jay which caches Piñon nuts, and the life cycle of the Piñon pine itself is so pronounced that the Piñon pine appears to have evolved to benefit from or adapt to the birds' behavior.
		The jays also evolved in their ability to efficiently extract seeds from the cones.
		Our four types jay have beaks that are specialized to extract nuts from unopened cones.
	www.scsc.k12.ar.us /2002outwest/Ecology/Projects/RoarkJ/Conclusion.htm (131 words)

	Pinyon Jay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) is a jay between the North American Blue Jay and the Eurasian Jay in size.
		The Pinyon Jay: Behavioral Ecology of a Colonial and Cooperative Corvid
		A masterpiece of melancholy, this first outing by Donaggio from 1973 for director Nicolas Roeg and his strange, troubling, deeper-than-glances masterpiece about grief and the tricks of space and time.I've played this score probably a couple of thousand ti...
	www.freeglossary.com /Pinon_Jay (693 words)

	Mountain Lowlands - Albuquerque's Environmental Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Some local water use from shallow wells; water is available in sufficient quantities for domestic purposes in most areas, but is hard and has high iron content in Tijeras area.
		Indicator Species: some ponderosa pine but mainly pinon pine, junipers mountain mahogany, sumac and mid and short grasses; also cholla and prickly pear cactus.
		Some browsing, grazing, and fruit and nut picking occurs; area is easily disturbed and recovers slowly.
	www.cabq.gov /aes/s1mntlow.html (413 words)

	Environmental group says thinning projects will hurt birds
		Piñon jays, 9- to 11-inch-long, blue-gray, nonmigrating birds found from Oregon to Oklahoma, primarily on dry mountain slopes and foothills, hide piñon seeds for winter sustenance, Williams said.
		Williams said piñon jays have a symbiotic relationship with the small pines for which they are named.
		But he said because the jay populations dropped off in the thinned areas as well as in control sections where no thinning was done, there is debate over the cause.
	www.freenewmexican.com /news/51483.html (650 words)

	Pinyon Pine
		In late summer and fall Clark's nutcracker, Steller's jay, and the Pinon jay extract the ripe seeds from the cones and make large caches, burying them in the forest floor.
		These nuts provide a very important food source for food for Pinyon jays, Clark's nutcrakers, fl bear, mule deer, turkeys, woodrats, pinon mice, porcupines, and several kinds of squirrels and chipmunks.
		In fact the interdependency of the birds which cache Pinyon nuts and the life cycle of the nut tree itself is so pronounced that the Pinyon appears to have evolved to benefit from or adapt to the birds' behavior.
	home.earthlink.net /~swier/PinyonPine.html (1767 words)

	The Way of a Jay - How a Western Scrub-Jay Came to Accept Gifts from our Hands
		Little by little the jay got used to us, and one evening it sailed on spread wings to the railing while I was on the porch.
		From the tall hedge, the jay swooped to the railing, landing at the far end of the peanut trail.
		Soon I looked out the window and saw the jay leaning back, feet braced against a trousered knee, tugging mightily on a peanut held in a gnarled hand, and I saw a man with his face in a broad, untroubled smile.
	www.birdwatching.com /stories/western_scrub-jay_jimmy.html (1244 words)

	Pinon nut links of interest
		You will find a great list of topics covered about Pinon nuts and the pinon pine tree.
		4) The Pinon Pine -- by Ronnald Lanner
		9) Native legend of the pinon jay (bird related to the blue jay)
	www.pinonnuts.com /links.html (90 words)

	Bryce Canyon National Park : A Nature Guide : Plant Life \| Frommers.com
		The small, egg-shaped cones produce edible seeds, often called nuts, which are a popular food for both humans and wildlife.
		The piñon jay takes its name from the tree and its tasty seeds.
		Ponderosa Pine -- This large, impressive tree, which is found in both parks, is easily recognized by its long needles -- up to 10 inches -- that usually grow in bundles of three.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/brycecanyonnationalpark/1561026077.html (1874 words)

	Bandelier National Monument - Year-round and Winter Birds (U.S. National Park Service) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Follows the bounty of nuts from the Pinon Pine, which only produce riches of nuts every 7 - 10 years.
		Pinon nuts are rich in vitamins, flavor, and calories (3,000 per pound).
		Although produced in abundance only every 7 to 10 years, these nuts were a valuable native food source for the Ancestral Pueblo people.
	www.nps.gov /band/naturescience/year-round-and-winter-birds.htm (621 words)

	Environmental Science Field Guide to New Mexico
		Physical Description: Pinon Pines are, when full grown, 15-30 feet tall and have a span of 15 to 30 feet.
		Niche and Interactions with other species: The Pinon Pine provides shade for the weary animal, oxygen for everyone and everything to breathe, and they provide food for insects, animals, and humans.
		Fire is not a huge threat to the Pinon Pine but it is dangerous to the younger trees that are about 3 to 6 feet tall.
	infohost.nmt.edu /~klathrop/FGplants.htm (1164 words)

	[No title]
		[Pinon Jay; Barn Swallow; Great-Tailed Grackle] Branson QL671 Au49 > Ligon, J. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the pinon jay in New Mexico.
		Green cones of pinon pine stimulate late summer breeding in the pinon jay.
		Storage of pinon nuts by the acorn woodpecker in New Mexico.
	lib.nmsu.edu /guides/plants/Birds (2281 words)

	..::Mountain Retreat::..
		The cabin is situated at the head of the San Emidgio Walking Trail (A 200 year old gold miner's trail), bring food and personal linens and towels.
		We have been visited by condors, golden eagles, mule deer, quail, white tailed deer, bob cats, wheatstraw owls, barn owls, pinon jay, greedy stellar jays, humming birds, nameless little brown birds eat fermented berries and fly drunk in flocks, cotton tails, jack rabbits and many more.
		We walk barefoot in the ice cold stream in front, sit in the sun, take walks in the quit pinion forest just behind (the pinon nut harvest is September).
	members.cox.net /lab5/index.html (381 words)

	New Mexico Birding
		Bullock’s oriole, yellow breasted chat, American dipper frequent the riparian area, while the piñon jay, canyon wren, rock wren, and bushtit are year round residents in this mixed habitat canyon.
		Mountain chickadees, nuthatches, warblers, warbling vireos, Stellar’s jays, plumbeous vireos,and sparrows frequent the ponderosa pine zone.
		This is truly a spectacular place, with habitats from ponderosa pine to the aspen and fir covered hills to lush meadows.
	www.newmexicobirdwatching.com /United_States/New_Mexico/Taos/new_mexico_birding.htm (1128 words)

	SMNHC Piñon-Juniper
		Many of the animals that live in the Piñon-Juniper life zone benefit the plants in the area as well.
		For example, the seed-eating birds (Clark's nutcrackers, Piñon Jay, Scrub Jay, Stellar's Jay) cache piñon seeds for later use.
		Protected in these large caches, the uneaten seeds often germinate.
	www.nmmnh-abq.mus.nm.us /nmmnh/SMNHC/PJ.html (376 words)

	Their View: Clearing Trees Not Needed to Prevent Forest Fires - Science - RedOrbit
		Dwarf pinons that survived bark beetles and drought should be preserved as seed sources for future forests and the nutritious nuts they provide for both wildlife and people.
		Suggestions include retaining large pinons and standing dead trees for nesting birds and leaving a cover of twigs and small branches on disturbed soils and logs on slopes to prevent erosion.
		Buried pinon seeds not dug up for winter sustenance germinate to become future pinon woodlands.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/852236/their_view_clearing_trees_not_needed_to_prevent_forest_fires/index.html?source=r_science (685 words)

	Southern California Camping - Field Guide to Birds
		Braly, J. Nesting of the piñon jay in Oregon.
		Cannon, F. Nesting energetics of the piñon jay.
		Ligon, J. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the piñon jay in New Mexico.
	www.socalcamping.com /fieldguide/bird/pinyonjay.html (558 words)

	pinyon jay definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		pinyon jay definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "pinyon jay" in all of MSN Encarta
		More parents uproot lives to pursue perfect education
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861726392 (64 words)

	Vail Daily News for Vail and Beaver Creek Colorado - Snowshoeing
		The pinon and juniper trees are also busy with year-round residents.
		Members of the jay family, or corvids, are smart, adaptable birds and have no trouble making a living throughout the winter.
		Listen closely, and you'll smile at the laughing calls of the pinon jay and wince at the grating cries of the Clark's nutcracker.
	www.vaildaily.com /article/20051027/RECREATION10/102250015&SearchID=73279412405644 (932 words)

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