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Topic: Pinwheel (cryptography)

	Pinwheel (cryptography) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cryptography, a pinwheel was a device for producing a short pseudorandom sequence of bits (determined by the machine's initial settings), as a component in a cipher machine.
		Pinwheels might be turned through a purely mechanical action (as in the M-209) or electromechanically (as in the Lorenz SZ 40/42).
		Pinwheels can be viewed as a predecessor to the electronic linear feedback shift register (LFSR), used in later cryptosystems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pinwheel_(cryptography) (229 words)

	The HAGELIN cryptographer CX-52. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pinwheel five steps one step whenever there is an active pin on either pinwheels one, two, three or four.
		Pinwheel six steps one step whenever there is an active pin on either pinwheels one, two, three, four or five.
		The pinwheels are labelled around their circumference with 47 symbols, so that it is possible to read off the initial position, which must, in some way, be communicated to the recipient.
	hem.passagen.se /tan01/cx52.html (826 words)

	The Lorenz Schlusselzusatz
		Ten of these pinwheels formed two groups of five, and one wheel from each group inverted its corresponding plaintext bit when a pin was active on it.
		The plaintext is mostly zeroes, and the slow pinwheels sometimes stop, and so, slightly more often than not, the bits will stay the same in the ciphertext when they stay the same on the fast pinwheel, and change where they change on the fast pinwheel.
		In practice, rather than reconstructing the fast pinwheels at this step, perhaps because there was too much chance of errors inverting whole parts of the pinwheel, the results from the five bits of the character were combined to determine when the slow pinwheels did not move.
	www.quadibloc.com /crypto/te0301.htm (2154 words)

	[No title]
		The wired code-wheel is a disk constructed of some non- conducting material having on each face, a series of equally spaced contact studs which are interconnected so that the current entering on one face will be switched to exit from a different position on the other face of the rotor.
		That fact that cryptography is micro-computer based does not take away some of the conflicting system design aims just as decades ago.
		This wired rotor machine had five rotors each of whose movement was controlled by a pinwheel of 25 pins each set to 'active' or 'inactive' position.
	www.math.utoledo.edu /~codentha/Cryptanalysis/lanaki/lanaki22.txt (18539 words)

	Netencyclo, l'encyclopÃ©die franÃ§aise : C-35 (cipher machine)
		He adapted one of his previous inventions from three years earlier: an adding device designed for use in vending machines, and combined it with the pinwheel mechanism from an earlier cipher machine (the B-21).
		Both machines had five pinwheels with 17, 19, 21, 23 and 25 pins, each individually settable, giving a maximum period of 3,900,225 for the machine.
		One variant had a Thai alphabet on the pinwheels, rather than the usual Latin alphabet.
	www.netencyclo.com /en/C-35_(cipher_machine) (353 words)

	Netencyclo, l'encyclopÃ©die franÃ§aise : C-52 (cipher machine)
		In some versions, these six are reportedly chosen from a possible set of 12, with the number of pins on each wheel being 25, 26, 29, 31, 34, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, and 47.
		One report states that the difference between the C-52 and the CX-52 was the transition to this more complex stepping mechanism [4].
		Other reports suggest that the difference between the C-52 and CX-52 was the mechanism changing from pinwheels to a punched tape mechanism [5].
	www.netencyclo.com /en/C-52_(cipher_machine) (406 words)

	Enigma code - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - In the history of cryptography, the Enigma was a portable cipher machine used ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the history of cryptography, the Enigma was a portable cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages.
		However, a different initial rotor position was chosen for each message, because if a number of messages are sent encrypted with identical or near-identical settings, a cryptanalyst has several messages "in depth", and might be able to attack the messages using frequency analysis.
		To counter this, a different starting position for the rotors was chosen for each message; a similar concept to an initialisation vector in modern cryptography.
	www.sanpablocaus.com /details/Enigma_code (6496 words)

	pinwheel/12-09-14-14-23 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		APOD: December 6, 1999 - M83: The Southern Pinwheel Galaxy from VLT - Visible with binoculars in the constellation of Hydra, majestic spiral arms have - antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991206....
		Messier Object 101 - On photographs, however, the Pinwheel Galaxy M101 is revealed as one of the most - seds.lpl.arizona.edu/messier/m/m101...
		Pinwheel Directions - To create your own pinwheel, follow these directions - to print this page, click - www.pinwheelsforpeace.com/pinwheelt...
	www.tom1234.com /_pinwheel_10.html (196 words)

	Sometimes, there's more than free radicals to worry about \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		He's working on quantum cryptography as part of the ongoing infowar between China and the United States, with some superb equipment, including binotech (combined biotech and nanotech) implants.
		Seeker heals Cley, and, eventually, when it comes time for Cley to escape from the Supras, shows her the way into interplanetary space, aboard a pinwheel tree.
		Interplanetary space is rich with life, from trader/transport Leviathans that can range among the planetary orbits to rapacious space sharks with radar sense that prey where they will.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20040411/news_lz1v11orbits.html (899 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While pinwheel and stepped drum machines were excellent for DIY Calculator :: Golden Age Of Mechanical Calculators In order to address this, in 1875 the American Frank Stephen Baldwin (1838-1925) invented a new form of mechanical calculator founded on a âpin wheelâ or Facit C1-13 and ESA-01 Mechanical, pin-wheel mechanism, with key setting.
		Basic method of operation - When one of the COMPUTING MACHINES: The revealed grace of the mechanism: computing Left to right: pinwheel machine count mechanism; Brunsviga and Curta; The Mechanical Analog Computers of Hannibal Ford and William Newell by A. Ben History of Mechanical Calculators - Part II A Brief History of Mechanical Calculators.
		Part II started the manufacture of these pin-wheel machines as a mean to provide a source of labor for young History of Mechanical Calculators - Part III In 1927, Curt Herzstark also invented a mechanical memory for the Multimator, a multicolumn machine manufactured by Astrawerke in Germany.
	org.main.area.tanhnane.org (266 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In cryptography, a pinwheel was a device for producing a short
		COMPUTING MACHINES: The revealed grace of the mechanism: computing Left to right: pinwheel machine count mechanism; Brunsviga and Curta; The Mechanical Analog Computers of Hannibal Ford and William Newell by A. Ben History of Mechanical Calculators - Part II A Brief History of Mechanical Calculators.
		History of Mechanical Calculators - Part III In 1927, Curt Herzstark also invented a mechanical memory for the Multimator, a multicolumn machine manufactured by Astrawerke in Germany.
	sevensevennet21.it.aminicrop.org (252 words)

	Computer underground Digest Wed Apr 27, 1994 Volume 6 : Issue 38 ISSN 1004-042X Editors: J (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tape, hot glue, super glue or any other solid method of attaching the night light to the top of the oscillating fan, attach the pinwheel in such a position that it is just in front of the night light and will be affected by the air flow of the fan.
		If all is well the night light will light up the fan will start and the pinwheel will create some pretty random shadows.
		Well #4 turns on an oscillating fan with a night light and a pinwheel attached, this creates enough random movement from within that at least one of the govs will make a move.
	www.skepticfiles.org /hacker/cud638.htm (5383 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Part II started the manufacture of these pin-wheel machines as a mean to provide a source of labor for young
		COMPUTING MACHINES: The revealed grace of the mechanism: computing Left to right: pinwheel machine count mechanism; Brunsviga and Curta; The Mechanical Analog Computers of Hannibal Ford and William Newell by A. Ben Facit C1-13 and ESA-01 Mechanical, pin-wheel mechanism, with key setting.
		Four Function Mechanical Calculators The first four function mechanical calculator was made by Gottfried Leibniz in 1694.
	grantcommrussia52.dualijeerer.org (272 words)

	openDOOR: Next Generation Computing, April 2002
		The Media Lab's Tangible Media group designs tangible user interfaces that employ physical objects, surfaces, and spaces as touchable embodiments of digital information.
		The group's first large-scale exhibition, Getting in Touch with the Digital World, opened in Tokyo in the summer of 2000 with projects including Pinwheel, a spin in digital space, and inTouch, which explores interpersonal communication across space through touch.
		The Media Lab's Digital Nations project aims to bring the digital revolution to children and the elderly, underserved communities, and developing nations.
	alumweb.mit.edu /opendoor/200204/environments.shtml (658 words)

	From Gutenberg to the Internet: Timeline 1870 to 1879
		The auction catalogue, containing over two thousand items on topics such as mathematical tables, cryptography, and calculating machines, and including many rare volumes, may be the first catalogue of a library on computing and its history.
		Frank S. Baldwin (United States) and W. Odhner (Russia) invent calculators using a true variable-toothed gear, the first real advance in mechanical calculating technology since Leibnitz's stepped drum (1673).
		These calculators are called "pinwheel calculators." This technology’s greater ease of use, its general reliability, and the compact size of the equipment incorporating it cause an explosion of sales in the calculator industry.
	www.historyofscience.com /G2I/docs/timeline/timeline_1870_1879.shtml (1214 words)

	List of cryptography topics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Topics in cryptography — an analytical list of articles and terms.
		Important publications in cryptography — some cryptography papers in computer science.
		WikiProject Cryptography — discussion and resources for editing cryptography articles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_cryptography_topics (334 words)

	Creation - Holographic Universe...An Open Discussion On Existing
		Early attempts to measure the pressure of light led to the invention of the radiometer by Sir William Crookes.
		In this instrument, freely moving vanes on a pinwheel were coated with fl paint on one side and were polished on the other.
		The fl sides were expected to absorb radiation while the reflecting sides would reflect it back; thus there would be more energy (a greater pressure) in the space in front of the reflecting side.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/608264/posts (10266 words)

	After watching the movie Cinderella
		After watching the movie Cinderella, five-year-old Sarah started using her pinwheel as a magic wand, pretending she was a fairy godmother.
		Again, with a sweep of the pinwheel, Sarah obliged.
		~ When cryptography is outlawed, bayl bhgynjf jvyy unir cevinpl.
	www.phancypages.com /newsletter/ZNewsletter650.htm (1987 words)

	2002 » January » Technoccult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		See the Clipper section of the RSA’s Cryptography FAQ for more information.
		The material that terrorists could possibly intercept through government backdoors includes credit card numbers that could be used to fund terrorist acts and personal information that could be used for identity theft.
		RSA Laboratories have created an extensive FAQ on cryptography’s history, the major cryptosystems, techniques and applications, and real-world cases.
	www.technoccult.com /archives/2002/01 (2781 words)

	ISG internal research seminar programme \| Information Security Group, Royal Holloway
		Friday, 29 Sep: "Pairing Based Threshold Cryptography, Improving on Libert-Quisquater and Baek-Zheng", Yvo Desmedt (University College London).
		The idea is related to certificateless cryptography and to
		Cryptography (IBC) to simplify key management techniques used in
	www.isg.rhul.ac.uk /node/51 (11523 words)

	Science Today-April 2004
		However, three-dimensional (3D) Ge islands fabricated by a self-organization process of strained Ge layers on Si substrates are larger than 30 nm because the surface morphology is formed through unstable intermediate phases..
		: One of the most secure methods of quantum cryptography has been used commercially - for a single transaction, at least.
		Quantum cryptography uses the odd properties of quantum particles to create secure keys for encoding and decoding messages.
	www.geocities.com /baskarc/cbscience/2004/april2004.htm (13809 words)

	Binary Revolution Forums > Placing executable code in different formats
		Usually steganography refers to, in cryptography, the act of hiding a secret message so that it is not apparent that there is anything hidden.
		I don't see how much good could come from it, and i think that there is a patch for it now.
		K.H.O. Jun 20 2005, 12:49 PM Well, when i binded this little pinwheel program to a.jpeg and opened the jpeg the little pinwheel program ran too.
	www.binrev.com /forums/lofiversion/index.php?t13022.html (3540 words)

	Amazon.com: Coincidences, Chaos, and All That Math Jazz: Making Light of Weighty Ideas: Books: Edward B. Burger,Michael ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The second part, "Embracing Figures", deals with cryptography and patterns and has an especially nice section on `sizing up numbers' which deals with orders of magnitude and topics which should be a part of anybody's quantitative literacy.
		The boys by their very nature, the girls so that the boys couldn't read their diary.
		Secred messages lead to cryptography and an opportunity to study prime numbers, factoring, all kinds of things.
	www.amazon.com /Coincidences-Chaos-That-Math-Jazz/dp/0393059456 (2118 words)

	Blog for bgeiger
		I thought it was an agent signaling his counterpart on my roof.
		Turns out it was just the light from the security lamp reflecting off of my neighbor's pinwheel.
		Anyway, I decided to stop using caffeine, for at least a few weeks, if not longer.
	www.advogato.org /person/bgeiger/diary.html?start=102 (2902 words)

	Active Encounters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Younger children will not be permitted at this event.
		In this workshop, you will learn about the math basis of cryptography by developing your own secret code.
		See how wind can generate power by making your own pinwheel out of paper and pencil.
	www.gscoc.org /aefeb.html (1957 words)

	The Kryha Cryptograph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It had two disks, each with a scrambled alphabet that could be changed by the user.
		The movement was controlled by a pinwheel; if there were, on the pinwheel at one place, five teeth out followed by one pushed in, then that caused the moving disk to move five places forwards for one letter.
		An earlier model used a fixed gear, which caused the following movements, in order:
	www.quadibloc.com /crypto/ro020102.htm (148 words)

	Active Encounters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Invitations will be mailed to recipients and their families by April 15, 2001.
		In this workshop, you learn about the math basis of cryptography by developing their own secret code, learn about charting and numbers by taking measurements and understand the difference between a guess and an estimate in our Candy Count game.
		Please use the Dalyn Math and Science registration form in the back of this booklet.
	www.gscoc.org /aemay.html (1442 words)

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