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Topic: Pinyon pine

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	Pine nut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pine nuts are the edible seeds of pine trees (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus).
		Pine nuts are high in protein, and have been eaten in Europe and Asia since the Paleolithic period.
		Pine nuts are an essential component of pesto, and are frequently added to meat, fish, and vegetable dishes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pine_nut (618 words)

	Pinyon Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pinyon timber was used in building the early pit houses of Mesa Verde, from 400 to 900 A.D. Pinyon was well known to the builders of the later cliff dwellings, too, both for wood for roof beams (now used for tree-ring dating) and door lintels.
		Pinyon pine nuts were a major food source for native American Indians in the area where the nut pine grows, in some cases providing most or all of the winter diet.
		In fact the interdependency of the birds which cache Pinyon nuts and the life cycle of the nut tree itself is so pronounced that the Pinyon appears to have evolved to benefit from or adapt to the birds' behavior.
	home.earthlink.net /~swier/PinyonPine.html (1767 words)

	PIne Nut Gathering, Great Basin National Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gathering pinyon pine nuts is a wonderful way to experience the fall bounty of the pinyon pine in Great Basin National Park.
		The pine nuts commonly purchased in gourmet food stores are typically those of the Colorado pinyon, but the nuts of the singleleaf pinyon are equally tasty.
		Pinyon pine nuts may be gathered and removed from the park only for personal non-commercial use.
	www.nps.gov /grba/Plan/pinyon.htm (249 words)

	Liston Pine Nuts (pinenuts, pignolias) - Harvesting Info
		The not-so-stately pinyon has been selected as the State Tree of Nevada for a good reason: it has provided this state with a wealth of spirits and nutrition from long before recorded time, and it will be shedding its wealth long after other land uses have disappeared from the memory of mankind.
		Pinyon pine is of the woodland landscape, covering slopes between the valley floor and the higher elevations where other tree species may be found.
		Pinyon pine nuts grown in Nevada can also be purchased in season in supermarkets at costs that depend upon the abundance of the harvest.
	www.liston.biz /harvesting.html (1410 words)

	Pine
		Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree.
		Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the Arctic to Mexico and Nicaragua and the West Indies.
		Pines are commercially among the most important of species used for timber in temperate and tropical regions of the world.
	www.backyardagora.com /glossary/pine.htm (405 words)

	PINYON JAY (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus)
		In Arizona, Pinyon Jays are permanent residents of pinyon-juniper woodlands and lower ponderosa pine forests in the northern and central part of the state (Balda and Bateman 1971), ranging east to Natanes Plateau, west to the Hualapai Indian Reservation, south possibly to Prescott area, and north to Mount Trumbull (Phillips and others 1964).
		Pinyon Jays are nonmigratory but may exhibit irregular nomadic movements of hundreds of miles outside normal range during fall and winter when pine seed crops are poor (Balda and Bateman 1971, Phillips and others 1964, Westcott 1964).
		Breeding is apparently triggered by abundant pinyon pine seeds which are harvested in fall and early winter and cached in breeding areas for use during late winter and early spring.
	www.mirror-pole.com /apif_web/pinjunip/pj2.htm (1169 words)

	Pinyon Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pinyon pine is a 10 to 30 foot tall tree, growing in a pyramidal or spreading shape.
		The woodland mosaic formed by pinyon pine occurs primarily on the high plains, plateaus, mesas, canyons, foothills, and lower mountain slopes of the Colorado Plateau.
		Pinyon pine is worthless as forage for livestock.
	extension.usu.edu /rangeplants/Woody/pinyonpine.htm (429 words)

	Species: Pinus monophylla
		Singleleaf pinyon is parasitized by the pinyon dwarf-mistletoe [91].
		Singleleaf pinyon seedlings survive best in the microhabitat provided by nurse plants, where organic matter, nutrient concentrations, relative humidity, water infiltration, and water holding capacity tend to be higher, and irradiance and soil temperatures tend to be lower [31,32,35,63,105,143].
		While singleleaf pinyon can grow on a wide variety of soil types and environmental conditions, composition and distribution of associated understory species may be driven by the plants' position relative to the tree crown [69], soil type [59,237], the seasonality and effectiveness of precipitation [234], and/or the distribution of nutrients [209].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/pinmon/all.html (12432 words)

	Species: Pinus edulis
		Colorado pinyon is generally replaced by singleleaf pinyon in pinyon-juniper woodlands on the western edge of its distribution [167].
		The natural reproduction of Colorado pinyon is limited due to unfavorable climate, infertility of the seed, rapidly declining germination of seed produced, and loss of seed to vertebrates and insects [159].
		Colorado pinyon browse is unpalatable to domestic cattle, sheep, and, horses [28].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/pinedu/all.html (10550 words)

	Pine Tip Moths
		Tip moths on pinyon pine overwinter in or on the terminal growth of the tree.
		Pine tip moths feed on and destroy new growth (terminals) of pines grown throughout most of Colorado.
		Pine tip moths have typical moth life histories, passing through four life stages: egg, larva or caterpillar, pupa and adult moth.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/insect/05529.html (878 words)

	NatureWorks - Pinyon Jay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pinyon jay is about 9-11 inches in length, and it has a wingspan of about 18 inches.
		The female pinyon jays lays two to five eggs in a cup-shaped nest made of grass, bark and pine needles place on a platform of twigs three to six feet up in a pine, oak or juniper tree.
		A pinyon jay may spend its entire life in the flock it was born into.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/pinyonjay.htm (331 words)

	Pinyon Pine Diseases and Insects
		Pinyon pines are well-suited to many parts of Colorado.
		Pinyon pines are hardy, drought-tolerant trees well-suited to many Colorado landscapes.
		Pinyon pines are a hardy species, but it is still important to minimize stress and wounding.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /PUBS/garden/02948.html (1827 words)

	Betula spp
		Distribution: Pinyon is native to the southern Rocky Mountain region, predominantly in the foothills, from Colorado and Utah south to central Arizona and southern New Mexico.
		Pinyons generally are small trees, growing less than 35 feet tall, with diameters less than 18 inches.
		Pinyons are long lived, growing for 75 to 200 years, with dominant trees being 400 years old.
	www2.fpl.fs.fed.us /TechSheets/SoftwoodNA/htmlDocs/pinusedulis.html (378 words)

	Desert Lil's Delicacies: Pinyon Pine Nuts (DesertUSA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is still a common for many Native Americans of the Southwest to supplement their diet with the traditional Pinyon nut by gathering them in the time-honored tradition passed from generation to generation.
		To harvest the still-unopened cones of the Pinyon Pine, wear gloves to protect you from the pitch that covers the cone and branches.
		Pinyon nuts are also popular in stuffings, sauces, vegetables, soups, stews, sweetmeats, cakes and puddings.
	www.desertusa.com /mag98/nov/papr/nov_lil.html (1030 words)

	Theories of pinyon pine gall formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gibberellin acid in barley seeds causes starch breakdown but in pinyon needles the physiological effects are probably different.
		The quantities of these growth hormones are not known with certainty to be physiologically active in pinyon gall formation although the amounts are within the range of quantities found in other plant tissues (Overbeek, 1966).
		Other cecidomyiid pinyon galls such as the spindle gall (Houseweart & Brewer, 1972) are probably formed in much the same way as the round gall, since the causative agents are closely related.
	www.wcrl.ars.usda.gov /cec/lab/rgalls.htm (829 words)

	Bryce Canyon National Park: Nature & Geology - Flora
		The Pinyon Pine with its crooked trunk and red-brown bark, is found in dry, rocky places at elevations of 5,000-7,000 ft. Growing where yearly precipitation is only 10-20 inches per year, they depend on their enormous root system to harvest enough water to survive.
		As these two species of cache-making birds began to specialize on Pinyon Pines, the trees that produced less wing and larger, more nutritious seeds were rewarded by having increasingly more of their seeds well-planted by the birds.
		Pinyon Pines are seldom seen above the rim and are most common "where the rock is gray in color" meaning down in the valleys below Bryce Canyon.
	www.nps.gov /brca/pinyon_pine.html (977 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		Q: I recently was camping in a clearing in southern Colorado near primarily Ponderosa Pine forest (7,880 ft).
		Discussion The edible seeds, known as pinyon nuts, Indian nuts, pine nuts, and pinones (Spanish), are a wild, commercial nut crop.
		Pinyon ranks first among the native nut trees of the United States that are not also cultivated.
	www.enature.com /fieldguide/showSpeciesRECNUM.asp?recnum=TS0299 (347 words)

	Audubon WatchList - Pinyon Jay
		Pinyon Jays are distributed primarily through the Great Basin of the west-central United States.
		Pinyon Jays are colonial breeders, but only one or sometimes two or three pairs, nest in a single tree.
		The nest is a cup of grass, bark strips, and pine needles, built on a platform of twigs and bark fibers.
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=159 (784 words)

	Pinus edulis Pinyon Pine.
		Pinyon pine (or Colorado Pine) is a short conifer usually reaching less than 45 feet at the most, with two, dark green, one inch needles per fascicle.
		Pinyon pine cones are about two inches long and contain edible seeds.
		Pinyon pine is native to eastern California (rare in California) and needs no water after it is established.
	www.laspilitas.com /plants/505.htm (240 words)

	Underlying cause of massive pinyon pine die-off revealed
		The high heat that accompanied the recent drought was the underlying cause of death for millions of pinyon pines throughout the Southwest, according to new research.
		Pinyon pines all over the Southwest were doing the same thing.
		He added that the lack of pinyon nuts will have negative effects on wildlife and on people who harvest the nuts for food and for sale.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-10/uoa-uco100505.php (932 words)

	Tree Guide - The National Arbor Day Foundation
		The singleleaf pinyon Pine can be expected to grow in the zones shown in color in the arborday.org zone map.
		The singleleaf pinyon Pine grows to be 25' - 50' feet in height.
		Pinyon jays, in particular, fly in large flocks from tree to tree, feasting upon whatever pinyon nuts they find.
	www.arborday.org /trees/treeguide/print.cfm?ID=163 (262 words)

	Carbon gain and water use in pinyon pine-juniper woodlands of northern New Mexico: field versus phytotron chamber ...
		Rates of maximum photosynthesis were greater in pinyon pine than in juniper in both the field and phytotron chamber studies.
		Pinyon pine showed a greater response to increases in Ψ than juniper, although juniper was able to continue photosynthetic activity at lower values of Ψ than pinyon pine.
		In the field experiments, WUE of N-fertilized plants was marginally greater in pinyon pine than juniper during the wet season, and in both the field and phytotron chamber experiments instantaneous values of WUE were greater in juniper during dry seasons or during drying cycles.
	heronpublishing.com /tree/summaries/volume9/a9-59.html (333 words)

	Pinyon-Juniper Habitat
		The habitat is characterized by varying co-dominance of juniper and pinyon pine.
		Both pinyon and juniper play key roles in maintaining the integrity, survival, and propagation of at least some components of the bird community.
		Breeding habitat is frequently characterized by a brushy undergrowth of scrub oak, ceanothus, manzanita, or mountain mohagany (Dunn and Garrett 1997).
	www.mirror-pole.com /apif_web/pinjunip/pjhab.htm (6079 words)

	Pine nut, nut pine wholesale, nut nutrition pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pine nuts are high in protein, and have been eaten in Europe and Asia since the...
		Pine nuts are often used in place of olive nuts, which are harder to come by...
		Pine nuts are the kernels or seeds of the pine cone which are released as...
	www.homefaq.net /pine-nut.html (1521 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Pinus edulis
		The edges of the needles are smooth and the number of needles in a bundle is primarily 2 (although rarely 1 and 3).
		The number of needles per bundle in Two Needle Pinyon is usually 2 (but rarely 3 or 1) in contrast to 3 needles in Mexican (rarely 2).
		Woodlands in which pinyon is the major pine species cover about 14.9 million ha (36.9 million acres) in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/pinus/Pedulis.htm (422 words)

	Providential planting
		The pinyon jay is also a type of forester, a tree farmer—the pinyon jay actually plants pinyon pines.
		Pinyon pine seeds are not planted by bird droppings, the way hard-coated seeds (such as indigestible cherry ‘pits’) are dropped out the ‘back door’ of flying birds, mixed with natural fertilizer.
		This periodic ‘bumper crop’ of pinyon pine seeds, and their burial by pinyon jays, has been studied for years.
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v19/i3/planting.asp (879 words)

	Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands of the Colorado Plateau
		While the U.S. Forest Service distinguishes 32 pinyon and 23 juniper plant communities, Colorado pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) is the most common pine species in this woodland type, and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) is the most common juniper.
		Pinyons dominate at higher elevations, and tend to form more closed-canopied stands that exhibit forestlike dynamics and species composition, commonly including a significant shrub component of oaks and alderleaf, mountain mahogany and limited grasses.
		Tree densities have increased, and junipers and pinyon pines have expanded upslope into ponderosa pine forests and downslope into grass and shrub communities.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Biota/pinyon-juniper.htm (1577 words)

	Pinyon Pine Tree-Ring d13C Across the U
		C results from pinyon and juniper in Arizona [lower right]), consistent with the rising inputs of fossil-fuel
		C-depleted CO to the atmosphere from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (link to data).
		A plot of intrinsic water-use efficiency of 7 representative pinyon chronologies versus atmospheric CO concentration (below) shows increasing A/g over the full concentration range since pre-Industrial times.
	www.ltrr.arizona.edu /~sleavitt/PinyonPineResearch.htm (499 words)

	Texas Native Plants Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Remote Pinyon is closely related to Mexican Pinyon (P. cembroides) and Colorado Pinyon (P. edulis).
		Remote Pinyon grows on dry, rocky limestone soil in the Del Norte and Glass Mountains, on Madera Mountain and east of the Pecos River.
		Remote pinyon is distinguished from Mexican Pinyon by the thin shells of its nuts - the thinnest shells of all pinyons - and by having usually only two needles per bundle.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /ornamentals/natives/pinusremota.htm (141 words)

	Black specks on needles of pinyon pine
		You have described pinyon needle scale, an insect that attacks pinyon pine trees.
		Needles infested by pinyon needle scale turn yellow in the spring and fall earlier than they should.
		By reducing the number of needles remaining on the tree, the scale insects cause the thin appearance of the tree.
	www.cahe.nmsu.edu /ces/yard/2000/022800.html (620 words)

	Chronology & Document Index - Goods From the Woods - Pinon, pinyon, pinon pine nuts, pinon nuts, p.monophylla, p.edulis
		Plan states, “pine nuts are produced by young vigorous trees, less than 60 years of age.” Reality is pinyon pines do not begin producing good seed until they are at least 100 years old.
		Radionuclide info., bat species data, pinyon pine nut data, tree stand age inventories, documents relied upon in stating pinenuts a matter of climatic conditions.
		In Lincoln and White Pine Counties, the BLM was developing plans to thin an estimated four million acres of pinon-juniper woodlands, where “thousands of tons of biomass” would result in the landscape treatments being proposed by the BLM.
	www.pinenut.com /chronology.htm (2730 words)

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