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Topic: Pitch detection algorithm

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Pitch (music) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pitch is something perceived by the human ear, as opposed to frequency, the physical measurement of vibration.
		Pitches may be described in various ways, including high or low, as discrete or indiscrete, pitch that changes with time (chirping) and the manner in which this change with time occurs: gliding; portamento; or vibrato, and as determinate or indeterminate.
		Pitches are named with integers because of octave and enharmonic equivalency (for example, C# and Db are the same pitch while C4 and C5 are functionally the same, one octave apart).
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Pitch_(music) (1714 words)

	Pitch detection algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pitch detection algorithm (PDA) is an algorithm designed to estimate the pitch or fundamental frequency of a quasiperiodic or virtually periodic signal, usually a digital recording of speech or a musical note or tone.
		In the time domain, a PDA first estimates the period of the quasiperiodic signal and computes the fundamental frequency to be the reciprocal of the period.
		Popular frequency domain algorithms include HPS (harmonic product spectrum algorithm), cepstrum analysis (used often to deconvolute speech or vibration waveforms) and Maximum Likelihood which attempts to match the frequency domain characteristics to pre-defined frequency maps (useful for detecting pitch of fixed tuning instruments).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pitch_detection_algorithm (313 words)

	Mina Goor - UF Journal of Undergraduate Research Paper
		The pitch is particularly important because it helps determine the emphasis on various segments of speech, and, consequentially, the emotions exhibited while speaking (anger, happiness…etc) and the sentence mode (question or statement).
		Then, to obtain a higher resolution of pitch period, the autocorrelation was calculated for lags k-3 to k+3, and the maximal lag corresponds to the higher-resolution period.
		Thus, for the first sentence, a -5.1143 slope indicates that the pitch period decreases by a rate of 5 samples from a frame to the next, and the initial period was 90 samples (95-5=90 samples).
	www.clas.ufl.edu /jur/200110/papers/paper_goor.html (1963 words)

	Pitch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pitch (music), the property of a sound or musical tone measured by its perceived frequency
		Pitch (baseball), a throw of a baseball to a batter
		Pitch (mining), the inclination of mineral veins from the vertical (also rake or dip).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pitch (326 words)

	Pitch (music) - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Pitch also depends on the amplitude of the sound, especially at low frequencies.
		One way in which pitch could be controlled was with the use of tuning forks, although even here there was variation - a tuning fork associated with Handel, dating from 1740, is pitched at A = 422.5 Hz, while a later one from 1780 is pitched at A = 409 Hz, almost a semitone lower.
		An alternative pitch standard known as philosophical or scientific pitch, which fixed middle C at exactly 256 Hz (that is, 2
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/p/i/t/Pitch_(music).html (1876 words)

	[No title]
		Pitch correction involves the detection of a main frequency, or pitch, of a signal, by determining how it should adjust the frequency of that signal, and then shifting the pitch of the signal accordingly.
		The pitch correction algorithm attempted to shift the pitch of the input signal by the same amount that it varied from the note the pitch was closest to in frequency.
		Pitch Shifting The implementation of real-time pitch shifting for the project was accomplished by developing code to time stretch a PCM audio buffer and to resample that buffer.
	www.ece.cmu.edu /~ee551/Old_projects/projects/s99_2/final.doc (3859 words)

	Appendix C Accurate and noise-robust pitch extraction using low power electromagnetic sensors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		To obtain the pitch, the length of the signal (in samples) from one zero crossing to the next is determined and then translated to time by division by the sampling frequency.
		The GEMS pitch algorithm (a block diagram is given in Figure C.4) uses a fixed window of 35 ms to begin processing the signal.
		Number of kflops required to determine the pitch for a 100 ms synthetic signal in Matlab 5.1, the average error in pitch, and the average standard deviation from the synthetic pitch (80 to 300 Hz) for the three methods.
	speech.llnl.gov /thesis/c.htm (3219 words)

	PITCH DETECTION
		Pitch detection algorithms can be classified in two separate categories, spectral-domain based and time-domain based period detection.
		Spectral pitch detectors such as Cepstrum, Maximum Likelihood, and Autocorrelation methods, estimate the pitch period of a signal directly using windowed segments of speech, applying a Fourier-type analysis to determine a pitch average.
		The filtered signal is a pseudo-sinusoid as shown in figure 4.5 and researched pitch at a given time t corresponds to the time period T separating both maxima in the function, before and after t.
	www.cnmat.berkeley.edu /~tristan/Report/node4.html (2257 words)

	[No title]
		This is used to measure the duration of the Pitch period and determines the period accuracy.
		The Pitch detection software is very simple and merely measures the period between the pitch pulses supplied by the analog processing hardware.
		The counter value is used to calculate the Pitch in Hertz and the Pitch value is output to the DAC and the latch.
	www.shlrc.mq.edu.au /~robinson/papers/sst88.html (1173 words)

	Pitch Detection using AM Analysis Techniques
		As can be seen, whilst the pitch estimates follow the pitch contours approximately there are a quite a number of points which are wildely inaccurate, and the estimates have a tendancy to 'oscillate' around the correct pitch value in the frequency domain.
		When these results are compared with other commonly used pitch detection algorithms we see that due to the problems encountered with male speakers the results do not compare favourably.
		Improvements to this technique that could offer better performance, especially in male speakers are mainly centered on robust peak/trough detection algorithms since it is the low number of correct period estimates that is causing the system problems with male speakers.
	tecfa.unige.ch /perso/goslin/resources/am/pitchanaly.htm (1728 words)

	Pitch Extraction
		The basic premise of the algorithm is to assume a particular frequency value to be a candidate for the pitch.
		The ``two-way'' refers to the fact that the algorithm first compares the predicted partials to the actual, measured partials, and then compares the measured partials to the predicted ones, which is shown in Figure 3.5.
		Thus, the algorithm avoids octave errors by paying a penalty for actual partials that were not predicted, and for predicted partials that were not measured.
	www.music.mcgill.ca /~wes/thesis/thesis/html/node21.html (679 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The structure of the system is very similar to a pitch detection algorithm, and includes estimation of the pitch of the primary periodic component of the signal.
		Pitch Detection: The estimates from the pitch detector were compared with the EGG-derived pitch values on a frame basis.
		The halving errors are defined as the instances where the pitch was detected to be within 20% of half of the pitch value given by the EGG data.
	www.glue.umd.edu /~omdesh/ICPhS2003/ICPhS_830.doc (3264 words)

	Chapter 5 - Conclusions and Further Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The pitch of a musical sound is a complex concept, which is directly related to the fundamental frequency of the sound.
		It should also be possible to increase the accuracy of the pitch detection algorithm, and thus reducing the error rate at low frequencies.
		The choice of pitch detection algorithm is probably the most important factor in the success of the program.
	www.redbrick.dcu.ie /~dannym/MPT/Conclusion.htm (820 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Last, we connected the two halves our system with a "note chooser" which takes a set of detected pitches and decides which note the singer was trying to hit, and sends this as input into the correction system.
		Researched and implemented the PSOLA pitch correction algorithm, wrote a description of this algorithm for the website, summarized the algorithm for the poster, generated graphs explaining its operation for both poster and website, created demonstrations of the final system.
		Ann Lu Researched and implemented the HPS pitch detection algorithm, created poster design for the presentation, wrote a description of the HPS for the website, created graphs explaining the method, itemized the key points of HPS for the poster, created demonstrations of the final system.
	cnx.org /content/m11713/1.2/source (637 words)

	Pitch, Time & Character
		The first pitch shifters used on vocals were meant for instruments.
		Formant-based pitch shifting, introduced in the early 1990s, helped preserve the human qualities of a shifted voice but introduced pitch errors and artifacts, keeping pitch shifted vocals buried in the mix.
		Hybrid Shifting is a pitch manipulation algorithm that preservers the naturalness and intelligibility of the human voice.
	www.tc-helicon.com /?Id=5015 (467 words)

	The "Canceling Circles" algorithm for pitch detection: As an Explanation to visual illusions
		This is a description of a new algorithm for super fast pitch detection of speach and pitch detection in noisy speech waves.
		The older similar correlation algorithm : the autocorrelation algorithm was described as a "most rebust and reliable of pitch detectors", relatively resistent to noise and was employed together with the AMDF algorithm in recent studies[2].
		The desired result of speech and pitch detectors is an imitation of the results achieved by the human ear-brain mechanism.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/Choir/4792/wavecir.html (2425 words)

	Xylophone 1.0
		Nonetheless, the mechanism is accurate enough to detect the first few notes of a stored melody and play it back (naturally, since only five notes are collected, the melodies must differ sufficiently in their first five notes to be differentiated correctly).
		The random melody algorithm itself is functional and appears to behave in accordance with the rules dictated by the probability matrices.
		This problem could be alleviated by having the input buffer share some of the large arrays normally used by the pitch detection algorithm, which is not expected to be in use during programming.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /Courses/ee476/FinalProjects/s2004/mk257/results.html (769 words)

	Untitled Document
		Given the pitch estimates of syllable B, (650-750Hz), the frequency resolution was approx.
		The pitch of the final “wail” in each syllable B was estimated using the AT algorithm.
		Note: the variance of the pitch within one sample could not be determined accurately with the algorithms developed; a more accurate pitch detector is needed to perform such an analysis.
	hebb.mit.edu /courses/9.29/2003/athena/auditory/birdsong (1108 words)

	[No title]
		Then a detection flag is set to 1 if the energy is increased by a factor 2.
		Figure 6 (c): the third subplot is the output of a pitch detection algorithm using harmonic product spectrum.
		Figure 6 (d): the fourth subplot is the output of a phase detection algorithm using harmonic product spectrum.
	ccrma-www.stanford.edu /~pdelac/422/project/report.html (1662 words)

	A Modified Pitch Detection Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		However,the estimation error of the sinusoidal model parameters, pitch in particular,would seriously degrade the speech quality.
		In this letter, we provide a Modified Pitch Detection Algorithm (MPDA).
		The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide a more accurate and smoother pitch tracking that that of IMBE, and the reconstructed speech sounds more continuous.
	www.comsoc.org /comml/private/2001/feb/64_05comml02-hu.html (196 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Finally, the last stage pitch-shifts the detected pitches to the correct notes in the key signature of the song, and alas, the singer is perfect.
		The algorithm is based on the assumption that a periodic signal is similar from one period to the next.
		In the pitch detection stage, we used an improved HPS algorithm in the frequency domain, and in the pitch-shifting stage, we used a variation of the PSOLA algorithm in the time domain.
	www.stanford.edu /~feinstei/PitchCorrection.doc (4474 words)

	PDA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Personal digital assistant, an electronic device which can include some of the functionality of a computer, a cellphone, a music player and a camera
		Pitch detection algorithm, a mathematical method of finding the pitch of a signal
		PDA is a song by the band Interpol
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pda (215 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		For this method, we tried two algorithms for pitch detection: the Homomorphic and the Autocorrelation Pitch tracker methods.
		Our speech recognition algorithm uses the cepstal distance between the frequency magnitudes of corresponding frames for each phrase stored in the codebook to the phrase that is to be recognized.
		This seems very well suited to accurate pitch period detection, given the fact that, as we learnt in class, Thompson's method is currently the best spectral estimation method because it separates the line spectra from the continuous spectra.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~elec532/PROJECTS00/speechBIG/conclusion.html (447 words)

	pda Pitch Detection Algorithm
		pda is a pitch detection algorithm that produces a fundamental frequency contour from a speech waveform file.
		At present only the super resolution pitch detetmination algorithm is implemented.
		The default values given below were found to optimise the performance of the pitch determination algorithm for speech data sampled at 20kHz using a 16\-bit waveform and low pass filter with a 600Hz cut-off frequency and more than \-85dB rejection above 700Hz.
	festvox.org /docs/speech_tools-1.2.0/x2152.htm (753 words)

	TC Helicon VoiceOne 2.0 \| Professional Audio Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Based on continuing research into the human voice, VoiceOne is the dedicated processing device for correction and enhancement of your lead voice as well as creation of rich harmonies and vocal effects.
		Formant-based pitch shifting, introduced in the early 1990s, helped preserve the human qualities of a shifted voice but introduced pitch errors and artifacts, keeping pitch-shifted vocals buried in the mix.
		Driven by Hybrid ShiftingTM and voice-trained pitch detection algorithms, VoiceOne's pitch correction is the most natural and flexible available in any hardware or software package.
	www.macmidimusic.com /prod.itml/icOid/9523 (703 words)

	List of Figures
		CNMAT for instance has taken the pen-based digitizing tablets (which are used mainly by computers artists) and mapped their multidimentional output (three dimensions of pen position, pressure, orientation, tilt and rotation) to control musical processes.
		The first part deals with ``segmentation of events'' while the second one is about ``pitch detection''.
		These two main areas of music analysis were studied independently but we'll see that the wavelet based pitch detection algorithm also offers a way for segmenting music.
	www.cnmat.berkeley.edu /~tristan/Report/node2.html (1084 words)

	Ea-Em
		It is a programming framework that provides a set of classic data structures implemented with high-performance algorithms, a number theoretic system with generic arithmetic, mathematical functions, text processing and converting, fast searching, parsing, abstract graphics classes, a meta-engine with support for a distributed object model, database support, image processing and more.
		A Fortran 77 algorithm for computing a class of hyperelliptic integrals and for determining the surface measure of ellipsoids.
		In this approach an initial estimate is made of the vector of unknown parameters or, equivalently, an initial classification of the data with respect to the components of the mixture model under fit.
	stommel.tamu.edu /~baum/linuxlist/linuxlist/node15.html (9632 words)

	ICASSP-99 -> Technical Program -> Technical Sessions
		For each of a set of pitch candidates generated by a time-domain pitch estimator, the residual is modified to match the pitch contour derived from that candidate.
		The new pitch estimation algorithm significantly reduces gross pitch errors compared to a conventional time-domain pitch estimator and enhances the perceptual performance of a 4 kbps harmonic coder.
		The proposed low resolution pulse position coding (LRPPC) algorithm detects the existence of pulses at frames of weak periodicity, which are determined as unvoiced, and transmits the approximate pulse positions.
	www.eas.asu.edu /~icassp99/technical/sessions/abstracts-SP-08.html (1180 words)

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