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Topic: Pitot tube

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	pitot tube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although the pitot tube is one of the simplest flow sensors, it is used in a wide range of flow measurement applications such as air speed in racing cars and Air Force fighter jets.
		Pitot tubes were invented by Henri Pitot in 1732 to measure the flowing velocity of fluids.
		Pitot tubes are generally used for flow measurements of secondary importance, where cost is a major concern, and/or when the pipe or duct diameter is large (up to 72 inches or more).
	saba.kntu.ac.ir /eecd/Ecourses/instrumentation/projects/reports/Flowmeter/pitot.htm (1515 words)

	Pitot
		Although the static pressure is not always obtained at the pitot tube head assembly, it would seem that such an arrangement where both ram air and static air are taken from the same source area is a good one.
		One advantage of a separate static source remoted from the pitot tube is the theoretical assurance that your altimeter and vertical speed indicator will continue to function even though the pitot tube may become blocked by mud daubers, ice, dirt or a forgotten pitot tube cover.
		Its source of ram air pressure is a pitot tube mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and in line with the slipstream (relative wing).
	www.ch601.org /resources/pitot-static/pitot.htm (1930 words)

	Pitot-Static (Prandtl) Tube
		The center hole in the tube is kept separate from the outside holes and is connected to the other side of the transducer.
		The pitot-static tube is mounted on the aircraft so that the center tube is always pointed in the direction of travel and the outside holes are perpendicular to the center tube.
		Since the outside holes are perpendicular to the direction of travel, these tubes are pressurized by the local random component of the air velocity.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/pitot.html (480 words)

	The Photo-Pitometer
		The first patent for use of a pitot tube device for measuring velocity in pipes was granted to Henry Fladd, of St. Louis, in 1889.
		The forward facing tube is affected by the impact of the water, while the rear facing tube is affected by the draft of the flowing water.
		The tubes are connected to a u-tube containing a slightly heavier liquid, and the difference in height of the meniscus in each leg of the u-tube is read.
	www.americanartifacts.com /smma/pit/pit.htm (865 words)

	Pitot-Static System and Instruments
		The pitot tube is a ram air pressure-sensing device usually mounted near the leading edge of the wing and connected to the back of the airspeed indicator case by a tube.
		By comparison, the plane of the pitot tube opening is nearly perpendicular to the relative wind.
		The pressure sensed at the static ports is transferred to the cabin instruments by a tube.
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/PSSI.htm (1666 words)

	HENRI PITOT TUBE SPEED MEASURING INSTRUMENT \| DANIEL BERNOULLI'S LAW FLUID FLOW AIRFOIL LIFT
		The Pitot tube is named after its inventor, Henri Pitot, and was modified to its modern form by Henry Darcy.
		The point at the entrance of the impact tube is called as the stagnation point.At this point the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted to the potential energy.
		The two tubes are connected to the legs of a manometer or equivalent device for measuring pressure.
	www.speedace.info /pitot_tube.htm (1803 words)

	USING A PITOT STATIC TUBE FOR VELOCITY AND FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT
		The Pitot Static tube measures the total pressure (or impact pressure) at the nose of the Pitot tube and the static pressure of the gas stream at side ports.
		When selecting a Pitot Static tube to be used in conjunction with the FKT Series (or any manometer for that matter), it is necessary to select a tube with a constant close to unity, if errors in velocity are to be avoided.
		The "P+" connection barb of the transducer is connected to the Total pressure port of the Pitot tube, and the Static pressure port of the Pitot tube is connected to the transducers "P-" barb connection, see Fig.
	www.flowmeterdirectory.com /flowmeter_artc/flowmeter_artc_02111201.html (1444 words)

	Pitot and Static System
		This pressure is connected by a small tube to the inside of a bellows in the ASI instrument.
		Since the impact pressure of the pitot tube is proportional to the speed through the air, the speed through the air is indicated by the instrument.
		The impact pressure at the port of the pitot tube is less at higher altitudes.
	webusers.warwick.net /~u1007204/gs/pitot.html (1562 words)

	Bernoulli Equation Calculator with Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A pitot tube is used to measure velocity based on a differential pressure measurement.
		A pitot tube can also give an estimate of the flowrate through a pipe or duct if the pitot tube is located where the average velocity occurs (average velocity times pipe area gives flowrate).
		Oftentimes, pitot tubes are negligently installed in the center of a pipe.
	www.lmnoeng.com /Flow/bernoulli.htm (1426 words)

	Hobie Kayaks - Mirage Speedometer
		The Pitot tube is the small hole on the front of the plastic spine that is in the water flow.
		When the flow of water hits the spine, or the Pitot tube, it will generate pressure that is measured by a column of water.
		Pitot tubes are used in many boats and planes to accurately measure speed.
	www.hobiecat.com /kayaking/speedo.html (273 words)

	Pitot Tube Current (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The pitot tube did not come with any information so I didn't know what size wire to run or what amount of current it would draw.
		I don't know what the ultimate temperature of the pitot tube is suppose to be, but 425 degrees seems excessive.
		I have to think that the airflow over the pitot tube in flight would keep this temperature down but without a thermocouple on the pitot tube in flight, I'll probably never know.
	bmnellis.com /pitotcurrent.htm (313 words)

	eFunda: Theory of Pitot Static Tubes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Pitot tube (named after Henri Pitot in 1732) measures a fluid velocity by converting the kinetic energy of the flow into potential energy.
		Converting the resulting differential pressure measurement into a fluid velocity depends on the particular fluid flow regime the Pitot tube is measuring.
		When a Pitot tube is exposed to a subsonic compressible flow (0.3 < M < 1), fluid traveling along the streamline that ends on the Pitot tube's stagnation point is continuously compressed.
	www.efunda.com /designstandards/sensors/pitot_tubes/pitot_tubes_theory.cfm (401 words)

	Pitot Static tube duct surveys
		Decide on the number of survey points and then mark these on the Pitot tube using a marker or adjustable spring clips (present on some Pitot Static tubes).
		Ensure that the Pitot Static tube is aligned with the axis of the duct using the alignment guide on the tube as a reference.
		Move the Pitot Static tube to the next traversing point and repeat 5 and 7 until the traverse is complete.
	www.habmigern2003.info /suggestions/Flow/Pitot-tube-flow-surveys.html (458 words)

	Method and apparatus for seating and sealing a pitot tube type flow meter in a pipe - Patent 4717159
		From a functional standpoint, the preferred placement of pitot tube type flow measurement instruments is extending diametrically across the pipe with the remote end in engagement with the opposite pipe wall.
		Still another object of the within-described invention is to provide a combination pitot tube mounting assembly that seats the probe body in proper position against the remote pipe wall, seals the body within the mounting and prevents the latter from being blown out should the seal fail or be loosened.
		An additional objective is to provide a sequential mounting method for pitot tube type flow measurement probes and the like which first insures that the probe body is properly positioned and holds it there before forming a fluid-tight seal therearound.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4717159.html (3066 words)

	Pitot Tube Flow Measurement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Translation of flow velocity into the manometer fluid height difference involves gravity's effect on the flowing and manometer fluids and the relative densities of the fluid flowing in the pipe and the manometer fluid.
		Combining the two tubes in the above figure into one probe with concentric tubes results in the device call the Pitot tube in the figure below.
		A Pitot tube connected to a U-tube manometer.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~gmhyde/433_web_pages/433fluidflow/pitot_tube.html (299 words)

	FlowKinetics LLC - Using a Pitot-Static probe
		A Pitot Static tube allows the direct measurement of dynamic pressure allowing calculation of the gas velocity in ducts, pipes, wind tunnels etc. A typical Pitot Static tube is shown in Fig.
		When selecting a Pitot Static tube to be used in conjunction with the FKT Series, it is necessary to select a tube with a constant close to unity, if errors in velocity are to be avoided.
		Measurement starts with attachment of tubing to the Pitot Static tube and the differential pressure transducer of choice (3 are available in the FKT 3DP1A, two in the FKT 2DP1A-C and one in FKT 1DP1A-SV).
	www.flowkinetics.com /measurement.htm (1452 words)

	Pitot Website
		Pitot tube can become blocked on the ground, either by bugs, or ice.
		A test system is connected to the Pitot and Static systems on the aircraft to simulate the pressures that the instruments would be subjected to during flight.
		The Pitot system, or the air pressure that identifies airspeed, is tested first, and then the static pressure system is tested next.
	www.navaidsltd.net /pitot/index.html (585 words)

	Bernoulli's Equation
		The Pitot tube (named after the French scientist Pitot) is one of the simplest and most useful instruments ever devised.
		By pointing the tube directly upstream into the flow and measuring the difference between the pressure sensed by the Pitot tube and the pressure of the surrounding air flow, it can give a very accurate measure of the velocity.
		Bernoulli's equation along the streamline that begins far upstream of the tube and comes to rest in the mouth of the Pitot tube shows the Pitot tube measures the stagnation pressure in the flow.
	www.princeton.edu /~asmits/Bicycle_web/Bernoulli.html (1268 words)

	Pitot tube
		Once tube is adjusted to proper depth and angle, tighten smaller hex bushing to lock position.
		Series 160E Pitot Tubes are widely used in the U.K. and Europe for applications demanding high accuracy when measuring the flow of air or other compatible gases.
		The Model 166T Telescoping Pitot tube is a unique air flow sensor which can quickly and easily be adjusted for any duct insertion length from 11.5 to 36 inches (29.2 to 91.4 cm).
	omnicontrols.com /lists/dwyer_pitot_tube.htm (836 words)

	Averaging pitot tubes \| Plant Services
		Because the averaging pitot tube measures and averages the readings from multiple points along the flow profile (see Figure 1), its straight run requirements are less stringent than most other devices, but upstream and downstream disturbances must still be taken into consideration.
		For gas applications, mount the pitot tube in the upper 160-degree portion of the pipe to prevent condensate from collecting in the instrument lines or transmitter (see Figure 3).
		For liquid applications, the pitot tube should be mounted in the lower 160-degree portion to prevent air from collecting in the instrument lines or transmitter.
	www.plantservices.com /articles/2006/153.html (758 words)

	Pitot Tube: Henry Darcy and His Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		I wrote a short paper and presented a poster at the 2001 ASCE National Convention held in Houston, Texas on Darcy's improvements to the Pitot tube and expanded on it for the 2003 Darcy Symposium.
		Darcy's contribution to the development of the device equaled or exceeded Pitot's initial work, thus making it appropriate to refer to the modern instrument as the "Pitot-Darcy tube".
		Brown, G. Henry Darcy's perfection of the Pitot tube, in Henry P. Darcy and Other Pioneers in Hydraulics: Contributions in Celebration of the 200th Birthday of Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy, G.O. Brown, J.D. Garbrecht, and W.H. Hager (eds), ASCE, Reston, VA. pg.
	biosystems.okstate.edu /darcy/PitotTube.htm (241 words)

	Pitot tube anemometer and micro manometer, air flow 1.5 to 5.8 m/s pressure 0-20 mBar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pitot tube anemometer and micro manometer, air flow 1.5 to 5.8 m/s pressure 0-20 mBar
		The pitot tube method of measurement employed by the AF200 is suitable over the range 1.5m/s to 58m/s and up to +600°C. The instrument can be corrected for temperature, static pressure, and K factor by keying in the appropriate values.
		This includes 295mm/12” pitot tubes, air temperature probe, instrument protective cover and sling, quick fit pressure connectors, rubber tubing, nylon tubing and 9V PP3 battery.
	www.topac.com /af200.html (337 words)

	Pitot tube - Wikimedia Commons
		Picture of a pitot tube, usually fixed under wings
		Drawing of a pitot tube with Bernoulli´s law
		Drawing of pitot tube situation under flow angle conditions
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Pitot_tube (84 words)

	Linear pitot-tube air-speed indicator
		Pitot tube anemometry uses this relationship to produce: V = √—2P/D. Although it might seem that this dependence of the air-speed estimate upon density is an undesirable complication, it’s actually advantageous in those applications to which Pitot-tube anemometers are uniquely suited.
		The air speed measured by a Pitot tube is automatically compensated for variations in air density caused by changes in temperature, barometric pressure, or altitude.
		The heart of the Pitot tube airspeed indicator is piezoresistive differential pressure sensor G1.
	www.elecdesign.com /Articles/ArticleID/6396/6396.html (777 words)

	Pitot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This pitot tube system was patterned after one used on some vintage gliders when cloud flying was legal and encouraged.
		By having the open end of the pick-off tube facing to the rear, the possibility of ice covering the opening is reduced.
		Rather it is a system which is superior to a straight pitot in many respects and yet is easy to construct.
	www.ez.org /pitot.htm (278 words)

	ga1000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This electronic control module controls the heat of the Pitot and provides information to the pilot regarding thermal and heater performance of the Pitot tube.
		The heater in the Pitot draws 7 Amps, and that is only when the electronic control module calls for heat.
		The GA-1000 Pitot tube has a very sleek and modern shape that is pleasing to the eye.
	www.gretzaero.com /ga1000.html (352 words)

	pitot tube anemometer measures air flow in pipes and duct work in the range 550 - 15000 fpm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		pitot tube anemometer measures air flow in pipes and duct work in the range 550 - 15000 fpm
		AFPVM100 is supplied as a kit with telescoping pitot tube probe and calibration certificate.
		Or the meter can be purchased separately for use as a precision manometer or other pitot tubes.
	www.topac.com /AFPVM100.html (467 words)

	Pitot Static System Installation
		The pitot tube is a very important part of the aircraft - not only does it drive most of the flight instruments, it is the first thing on the aircraft...right on the nose cone.
		The wires from the heating unit protrude from a small hole on the aft end of the tube and the end cap screws onto the other end of the inner tube - holding it all together.
		Installation was simple - I floxed the tube into the collar, and the collar into the nose of the fuselage.
	www.berkut13.com /berkut41.htm (738 words)

	tube pitot: Machine Design
		Pitot tubes provide basic flow measurement for laboratory tasks.
		A pitot tube consists of a special tube facing into the flow to measure a velocity-augmented impact pressure and a second tube that...
		tube pitot averaging, tube pitot calculation, tube pitot construction, tube pitot heated, tube pitot manometer
	productsearch.machinedesign.com /mdproducts/tube_pitot (334 words)

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