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Topic: Pituitary adenoma

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	Pituitary Tumors
		The pituitary gland is a kidney bean shaped structure attached to the base of the brain (behind the nose), where it is protected by a small part of the skull called the sphenoid bone.
		The pituitary gland is made up of two different regions, the "anterior pituitary" -- the part of the gland closest to the front of the head -- and the "posterior pituitary" -- the part of the gland closest to the back of the head.
		Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors (meaning that they are non-cancerous and do not travel to other parts of the body) that arise exclusively within the anterior pituitary.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/956627185.html (2519 words)

	Pituitary Apolpexy
		The term pituitary apoplexy represents a form of medical shorthand describing a complex series of clinical events occurring as a consequence of the fulminant expansion of a pituitary tumor by infarction, hemorrhage, or hemorrhagic infarction of the tumor and the adjacent pituitary tissue.
		The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (pars distalis) is supplied exclusively by a hypophyseal-portal system of vessels consisting of a capillary network originating from branches of the internal carotid which terminate in the neural lobe of the pituitary gland and infundibular stem.
		Since cases of pituitary apoplexy are known to have developed during or after radiation treatment of a pituitary tumor, it has been suggested that this modality not be used for patients known to have had an attack of pituitary apoplexy with recovery.
	www.pituitaryadenomas.com /pituitaryapoplexy.htm (2442 words)

	CPMC Neurosurgery - Pituitary Tumors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An "adenoma" is a benign epithelial tumor with a glandular structure.
		Adenomas of the pituitary gland occur in patients of all ages and both sexes.
		In the case of large pituitary tumors which cannot be safely removed through the transphenoidal approach, a craniotomy made on the front or side of the skull allows direct access to the area of the pituitary from an intracranial approach utilizing slight elevation of the brain and then microsurgical resection.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/nsg/NSGCPMC/specialties/pituitary.html (1128 words)

	Pituitary Tumor, Pituitary Adenoma, Dr. Jho's Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery
		The pituitary gland is a small piece of tissue of dual origin (pharynx for the adenohypophysis and brain for the neurohypophysis) attached to the brain by a stalk.
		Pituitary adenomas that produce growth hormone cause gigantism in children (due to still active growth plates) or acromegaly in adults.
		Endoscopic pituitary surgery can be performed for various types of pituitary tumors such as prolactinomas, Cushing's disease, gigantism or acromegaly, non-secreting adenomas, and for pituitary adenomas invading the cavernous sinus or extending into the suprasellar region.
	www.drjho.com /pituitary_surgery.htm (2612 words)

	Pituitary adenoma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland, and account for about 10% of intracranial neoplasms.
		Pituitary tumors were, historically, classed as basophilic, acidophilic, or chromophobic on the basis of whether or not they took up the stains hematoxylin and eosin.
		The diagnosis is confirmed by testing hormone levels, and by radiographic imaging of the pituitary (for example, by CT scan or MRI).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pituitary_adenoma (474 words)

	Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center FAQ - UCSF Department of Neurosurgery
		Tiny adenomas of the pituitary gland that can be seen only through a microscope may never cause a health problem for some people, but in others growth of the adenoma can cause a variety of symptoms.
		A pituitary adenoma is a tumor-that is, a growth of tissue in which cells multiply in an uncontrolled manner.
		Most pituitary adenomas are 'microadenomas', which measure 3 to 9 mm (1/8 to 3/8 of an inch) in diameter, although a few patients have 'macroadenomas', which are 10 mm or larger in diameter.
	neurosurgery.medschool.ucsf.edu /patient_care/pituitary_FAQ.html (1596 words)

	Pituitary Adenoma
		Symptomatic pituitary adenomas comprise 12 to 15 percent of all intracranial tumors, and must be differentiated from non-neoplastic mass lesions.
		The pituitary gland is situated within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, at the base of the skull.
		Pituitary adenomas typically are slow growing, benign neoplasms of epithelial origin.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/SECT54a.HTM (844 words)

	Pituitary Adenoma
		The pituitary adenoma is a benign proliferation of cells arising from the anterior pituitary gland or adenohypophyses.
		When a human pituitary cell line (HP75) was cultured in the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor, there was an increase in the levels of both epidermal growth factor receptor and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor after 5 h of treatment, thus confirming that epidermal growth factor receptor signaling was active in pituitary tumors.
		Expression of RCAS1 was noted in 48% of pituitary adenomas immunohistochemically (60.0% of growth hormone-secreting adenomas, 60.0% of prolactin-secreting adenomas, 42.9% of adrenocorticotrophin-secreting adenomas, 40.0% of thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenomas, 33.3% of nonfunctioning adenomas, and 44.4% of gonadotropin-subunit-positive adenomas).
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/pituitary_adenoma.htm (5454 words)

	Disorders We Treat: Pituitary Tumor - Johns Hopkins Stereotactic Radiosurgery
		Pathology: Historically, pituitary adenomas were classified by a now-obsolete system that identified them as acidophilic, basophilic, or chromophobic as determined by staining characteristics with hematoxylin and eosin.
		With new methods of immunohistochemistry, pituitary hormone secretion could be detected within an adenoma, and it soon became clear that methods based on the traditional histologic dyes were unreliable.
		For pituitary gland tumors including pituitary adenoma, prolactinoma and Cushings disease, the decisions related to treatment for the pituitary gland tumors depend upon the complete understanding of the competing risks vs. benefits for the different treatments.
	www.radonc.jhmi.edu /radiosurgery/disorders/pituitary.html (1566 words)

	Pituitary Tumors
		A pituitary tumor, or pituitary adenoma, is a growth that most often appears in the front portion of the pituitary gland.
		The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus of the brain by a stem, or stalk.
		The pituitary gland is located deep within the skull and is connected to the hypothalamus of the brain by a thin stalk.
	www.mayfieldclinic.com /PE-Pit.htm (1620 words)

	Pituitary Disorders Education & Support
		Pituitary adenoma is the medical term for a tumor of the pituitary gland.
		Pituitary adenomas are quite common in the general population.
		Less than one percent of all pituitary adenomas are able to metastasize throughout the body and are referred to as malignant.
	pituitarydisorder.net /pituitary_information.html (1401 words)

	Pituitary Foundation - Dialogue Between the Patient With a Pituitary Adenoma & the Surgeon
		The clinical presentation of patients with pituitary adenomas may be divided into three: effects caused by the physical mass of the tumour, such as visual field loss and/or headaches; hormone excess e.g.
		Pituitary surgery is one therapeutic approach to the management of a pituitary adenoma; others include pituitary Radiotherapy and medical therapy.
		Optimising pituitary surgery is an important goal for the patient in terms of tumour removal and reducing the risk of hypopituitarism; at the same time optimising pituitary surgery is important for the NHS as it reduces expenditure on drugs for hormone suppression, e.g.
	www.pituitary.org.uk /content/view/147/121 (1543 words)

	Otolaryngology Houston - MRI Picture of Pituitary Adenoma
		Signs and symptoms of pituitary tumours are either caused by direct pressure from the tumour itself or by a disruption in normal hormone levels.
		The commonest symptom of a problem in the posterior pituitary is a condition called diabetes insipidus (not the same as diabetes mellitus), the main symptom of which is passing large quantities of very weak urine.
		Treatment of pituitary tumours is usually very successful although many people will have to continue taking hormone replacements, sometimes for the rest of their lives.
	www.ghorayeb.com /PituitaryMRI.html (842 words)

	Nonsecretory Pituitary Adenomas
		The separation of these specific hypersecretory adenomas is a tribute to the power of modern endocrinology and the pivotal role of immunoassay techniques in understanding pituitary adenomas.
		Apparently nonfunctioning adenomas may be associated with abnormal results on serum endocrine studies; these studies should be done as part of the comprehensive workup of an apparently nonsecretory lesion.
		Craniotomy is used for pituitary adenomas with supra-para-antesellar extension; when it is used, a right pterional approach is one of the options; when there is severe visual loss.
	www.pituitaryadenomas.com /nonsecretorypituitaryadenomas.htm (4248 words)

	pituitary
		Pituitary adenomas are biologicallly benign tumors originating from adenohypophyseal cells capable of producing various pituitary hormones.
		Recent MR evaluation in the general population shows that about 10% of the normal adult population has pituitary abnormalities that are compatible with the diagnosis of asymptomatic pituitary adenomas.
		Pituitary tumors develop in transgenic mice carrying the growth inducer SV-40 T antigen, suggesting that an intrinsic genetic defect leads to clonal expansion of a transformed pituitary cell.
	www.thamburaj.com /pituitary.htm (3443 words)

	Pituitary Network Association - Disorders - Cushing’s Syndrome
		Cushing's syndrome is a debilitating endocrine disorder characterized by excessive cortisol levels in the blood which may be the result of a tumor of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands (located above the kidneys) or from tumors or cancer arising elsewhere in the body (ectopic ACTH producing tumors).
		The cause of Cushings Syndrome is a pituitary adenoma in over 70% of adults and in approximately 60-70% of children and adolescents.
		The Pituitary Patient Resource Guide is the ONLY publication of its kind available to patients, their families, primary care physicians, insurance companies, and employers.
	www.pituitary.org /disorders/cushings_disease.aspx (801 words)

	eMedicine - Pituitary Macroadenomas : Article Excerpt by James R Mulinda
		Pituitary macroadenomas are benign epithelial neoplasms composed of adenohypophysial cells.
		Pituitary tumor development is a monoclonal process with several contributing factors.
		This syndrome results from an activating mutation (somatic mutation) of the alpha subunit of the Gs protein and involves tissues whose response to hormonal signals is mediated by adenylate cyclase.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/Pituitary-Macroadenomas.htm (599 words)

	Pituitary Disorders Education & Support - Pituitary Conditions & Treatments
		Pituitary tumors are responsible for a majority of hormone abnormalities involving the pituitary gland.
		Macro-adenoma is a pituitary tumor that is 10mm or larger.
		Pituitary adenomas are most common growths of the pituitary gland, but cysts can form in the pituitary region also.
	pituitarydisorder.net /pituitary_conditions_treatments.html (275 words)

	Pituitary Adenoma - NYU Medical Center, NYU Hospital, New York, NY
		A pituitary adenoma is an abnormal growth, or tumor, in the pituitary gland.
		Pituitary adenomas are benign (not cancerous), and do not spread to other parts of the body.
		The pituitary gland is a small organ located at the base of the brain that makes hormones that regulate growth and the activity of most other glands in the body.
	www.med.nyu.edu /patientcare/library/article.html?ChunkIID=96789 (720 words)

	Pituitary Adenoma - CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The normal pituitary gland produces several important hormones: adenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal gland; thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland; luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (LH and FSH) interact with the sexual organs; growth hormone (GH) is involved with sugar metabolism and cell growth; and prolactin (PRL) affects lactation.
		Pituitary adenomas are slow growing, benign tumors of the pituitary gland.
		A prolactinoma is a pituitary adenoma that produces large amounts of prolactin.
	www.cksociety.org /PatientInfo/MedicalConditions/pituitary_adenoma.asp (1491 words)

	Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: Characterization and Diagnosis - Neuroendocrine Clinical Center & ...
		Because of the lack of clinical manifestations of anterior pituitary hormone excess, tumors may grow to a large size before they are diagnosed The tumors are often first detected when patients present to an ophthalmologist for evaluation of visual changes and visual field deficits are found.
		The normal pituitary gland secrete intact LH and FSH heterodimers which are bioactive at the level of the gonads.
		Pure alpha-subunit secreting pituitary adenomas are increasingly recognized and represent approximately 7% of all clinically nonfunctioning adenomas.
	pituitary.mgh.harvard.edu /e-f-933.htm (1393 words)

	Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection
		The pituitary gland is a small structure attached to the base of the brain behind the nose, where it is protected by a part of the skull called the sphenoid bone.
		Pituitary adenomas are benign slow-growing tumours that arise within the pituitary gland.
		Most pituitary adenomas are microadenomas, or small tumours, although a few patients have macroadenomas, which are larger.
	www.nice.org.uk /page.aspx?o=79035 (240 words)

	eMedicine - Pituitary Apoplexy : Article by Michael Vaphiades, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pituitary apoplexy is characterized by sudden onset of headache, visual symptoms, altered mental status, and hormonal dysfunction due to acute hemorrhage or infarction of a pituitary gland.
		Pathophysiology: This condition stems from an acute expansion of a pituitary adenoma or, less commonly, in a nonadenomatous gland, from infarction or hemorrhage.
		Sheehan syndrome refers to pituitary apoplexy of a nontumorous gland, presumably due to postpartum arterial spasm of arterioles supplying the anterior pituitary and its stalk.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic471.htm (2540 words)

	UCLA NEUROSURGERY \| Pituitary Disorders & Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Acromegaly is a serious systemic condition caused in over 98% of cases by an adenoma of the pituitary gland that secretes excessive growth hormone (GH).
		The clinical features associated with acromegaly include the effects of GH oversecretion, and in some instances by the tumor compressing and injuring the normal pituitary gland, optic nerves and optic chiasm.
		Following the biochemical confirmation of acromegaly, an MRI of the pituitary (or a CT scan) should be performed to confirm the presence of a pituitary adenoma.
	www.pituitary.ucla.edu /Pituitary/PituitaryDis_7.html (572 words)

	UCLA NEUROSURGERY \| Pituitary Tumor and Neuroendocrine Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The UCLA Pituitary Tumor and Neuroendocrine Program provides comprehensive evaluation and treatment of patients with pituitary tumors, skull base tumors and related disorders.
		Stereotactic radiosurgery for surgically inaccessible or recurrent pituitary tumors, chordomas, craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas
		Cushing's disease, adenomas, prolactinomas, TSH-secreting, TSH, Endocrine-inactive, apoplexy, pituitary apoplexy,
	pituitary.ucla.edu (342 words)

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