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Topic: Placenta

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	Placenta - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Later stage in the development of the placenta, showing the relations of the foetal villi to the placental sinuses, the fusion of the amnion with the inner surface of the chorion, and the thinning of the fused deciduae (capsularis and vera).
		If the placenta is to be regarded as a close union between the vascular system of the parent and embryo, the condition may be found casually scattered throughout the phylum of the Chordata.
		This is known as a "diffuse placenta," and is met with in the pangolin, pig, hippopotamus, camel, chevrotain, horse, rhinoceros, tapir and whale.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Placenta (823 words)

	Understanding Placenta Previa -- the Basics
		The placenta is the organ created during pregnancy to nourish the fetus, remove its waste and produce hormones to sustain the pregnancy.
		The fetus is attached to the placenta by the umbilical cord.
		In placenta accreta, the placenta is firmly attached to the uterus; in placenta increta, the placenta has grown into the uterus; and in placenta percreta, it has grown through the uterus.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/54/61552.htm (502 words)

	Placenta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The white fringe surrounding the bottom is the remnants of the amniotic sac.
		The placenta is composed of two parts, one of which is genetically and biologically part of the fetus, the other part of the mother.
		The placenta is connected to the fetus via the umbilical cord, which is composed of blood vessels and connective tissue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Placenta (481 words)

	Placenta Previa at StorkNet's Pregnancy Complications Center
		Placenta previa is the most common cause of vaginal bleeding in the second and third trimesters.
		Of all transverse lies, 60% are associated with placenta previa, and of all breech and compound lies, 24% are associates with placenta previa.
		Placenta previa may be associated with abnormal attachment of the placenta to the uterus placenta accreta, placenta increta, and placenta percreta), especially if the placenta is located over a previous cesarean section scar.
	www.storknet.com /complications/placenta/previa.htm (523 words)

	Placenta Accreta : American Pregnancy Association
		The placenta normally attaches to the uterine wall, however there is a condition that occurs where the placenta attaches itself too deeply into the wall of the uterus.
		This condition is known as placenta accreta, placenta increta, or placenta percreta depending on the severity and deepness of the placenta attachment.
		The difference between placenta accreta, increta or percreta is determined by the severity of the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall.
	www.americanpregnancy.org /pregnancycomplications/placentaaccreta.html (603 words)

	Placenta Previa
		A placenta previa means that the baby's placenta is implanted on the uterine wall near or over the opening of the uterus, or the cervix.
		Normally the placenta should be located on one of the sides or on the roof of the uterus away from the cervix.
		Placenta previa is often discovered during a routine ultrasound examination as the placenta's location can be seen during the ultrasound.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/4/1680_51848.htm (1824 words)

	Placenta (open learning) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Usually the placenta and the attached membranes emerge after the baby has been born, and the midwife or doctor will then examine the placenta to assess its general condition and see whether there are any abnormalities or bits remaining inside mum.
		Given the relatively modest dimensions of the placenta, it is remarkable that the mature villi present a surface area of 10 sq metres for exchange.
		Although the placenta has the enzyme systems necessary for the synthesis of progesterone from precursors such as cholesterol, it is not able by itself to synthesise oestrogens and calls upon help from the fetal adrenals and liver to help in their synthesis.
	www.nurseminerva.co.uk /placenta.htm (4222 words)

	Bleeding in Pregnancy / Placenta Previa / Placental Abruption - High-Risk Pregnancy - Health Library - Children's ...
		Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta is attached close to or covering the cervix (opening of the uterus).
		It is common for the placenta to move upwards and away from the cervix as the uterus grows, called placental migration.
		Placental abruption is the premature separation of a placenta from its implantation in the uterus.
	www.chkd.org /High_Risk_Pregnancy/bleed.asp (1014 words)

	Penn Pregnancy Health Center: Placenta Previa
		Placenta previa is a condition that occurs during pregnancy when the placenta implants itself in the lower part of the uterus, obstructing the cervical opening to the vagina.
		The main symptom of placenta previa is painless vaginal bleeding that often occurs near the end of the second trimester or beginning of the third trimester.
		Since in most cases placenta previa can be diagnosed before the mother or the fetus is in significant danger, it no longer poses as much of a threat to babies and mothers as it once did.
	www.pennhealth.com /health_info/pregnancy/000146.htm (1014 words)

	Placenta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The purpose of this study was to correlate the histologic features of the placenta with the in situ detection of viral or bacterial nucleic acids in cases of severe morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period.
		The placenta normally is ovoid and measures between 16 and 20 cm in diameter by 1.5 to 3.0 cm in thickness.
		Placenta cretas are defined as abnormal adherences or ingrowths of placental tissue, but their pathogenetic mechanism has not been fully explained.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /bodysites/placenta.htm (6546 words)

	Placentas
		After the placenta is prepared it is taken in capsule form, 2 capsules at a time, with white wine.
		Remaining placenta can be saved and used homeopathically for those times when the child undergoes a separation from the mother.
		The placenta is full of natural oxytocins which are responsible for contracting the uterus and minimizing postpartum bleeding.
	www.geocities.com /virtualbirth/placenta.html (1656 words)

	Howstuffworks "Placenta Previa"
		Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta is located low in the uterine cavity, partially or completely covering the opening of the cervix.
		There are three types of placenta previa: complete, in which the cervix is completely covered; partial, in which only a portion of the cervix is covered; and low-lying or marginal, in which the placenta does not cover the cervix but is close enough to it to potentially interfere with delivery.
		As the lower portion of the uterus stretches and dilates during the later weeks of pregnancy, portions of the placenta may be torn from their attachments to the wall of the uterus.
	health.howstuffworks.com /10004-placenta-previa.htm (571 words)

	The Straight Dope: Is there really such a thing as ... placenta stew?
		My wife inquired, and was told that a certain stripe of high-minded vegetarian eagerly prepares and devours placenta stew, the placenta being the only form of meat that does not involve the slaughter of some innocent animal.
		The rationale for placenta eating, apart from the fact that it doesn't entail snuffing animals, is that since it nurtures the child during pregnancy it must contain all sorts of valuable nutrients.
		The use of placenta in cosmetics was featured in the Chicago Tribune in a 1980 article entitled "Beauty May Be Only Placenta Deep." The writer interviewed the owner of RITA Organics, a company in Crystal Lake, Illinois, that makes freeze-dried extract from human placenta.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a3_104.html (1221 words)

	Elinor Lin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The placenta acts like a piece of semi-permeable membrane between the fetus and the mother; it is permeable yet strongly selective at the same time.
		The membrane permeability of placenta enables the transport of antibodies from the mother to the baby; this is called passive immunity.
		Interestingly, the total surface area of the villi in a mature placenta corresponds to the total absorptive area of the adult intestinal tract, thereby enabling effective transfer of gas, nutrient and waste between the mother and the baby.
	www.its.caltech.edu /~sciwrite/journal03/A-L/lin.html (3203 words)

	eMedicine - Placenta Previa : Article by Patrick Ko, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Background: Placenta previa is an obstetric complication that occurs in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
		Placenta previa is generally defined as the implantation of the placenta over or near the internal os of the cervix.
		Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A: Diagnosis of placenta previa by transvaginal sonography.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic427.htm (2546 words)

	Placenta Previa \| AHealthyMe.com
		When the placenta, which conducts blood from the mother's body to the developing fetus, is located so low in the uterus that it lies across the cervix (the opening of the womb), the condition is called placenta previa.
		If the images show the placenta to be near the cervix, there is no immediate cause for alarm, as the placenta will likely move up and out of the way as your uterus grows.
		If placenta previa is diagnosed after the 20th week and there is no serious bleeding, your practitioner may restrict your activity somewhat or put you on bed rest.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/placentaprevia (670 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Placenta previa
		Placenta previa is a condition that may occur during pregnancy when the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus and is close to or covering the cervical opening to the vagina (birth canal).
		Possible causes of placenta previa include a scarred endometrium (lining of the uterus), a large placenta, an abnormal uterus, or abnormal formation of the placenta.
		The course of treatment depends on the amount of abnormal uterine bleeding, whether the fetus is developed enough to survive outside the uterus, the amount of placenta over the cervix, the position of the fetus, the parity (number of previous births) for the mother, and the presence or absence of labor.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000900.htm (682 words)

	Placenta previa - WrongDiagnosis.com
		A condition in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus.
		Placenta praevia (placenta previa AE) is an obstetric complication that can occur in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
		It is a leading cause of antepartum haemorrhage (vaginal bleeding) and is characterised by the implantation of the placenta over or near the top of the cervix.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /p/placenta_previa/intro.htm (510 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Placenta abruptio
		Placenta abruptio is separation of the placenta (the organ that nourishes the fetus) from the site of uterine implantation before delivery of the fetus.
		High blood pressure during pregnancy is associated with a placenta abruptio rate of 2.5 to 17.9%.
		Approximately 50% of placenta abruptio cases severe enough to cause fetal death are associated with hypertension.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000901.htm (834 words)

	Placenta previa
		Placenta previa is discovered by ultrasound, during a routine prenatal appointment or after an episode of vaginal bleeding.
		You may be told that you have a low-lying placenta or placenta previa before 20 weeks of pregnancy, based on the results of a routine ultrasound.
		If you have marginal placenta previa that was diagnosed during a routine ultrasound or another form of placenta previa but little or no bleeding, you may be allowed to rest at home, rather than being admitted to the hospital.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00588.html (2225 words)

	Placenta Abruptio
		Placenta abruptio is the separation of the placenta from the inner wall of the uterus that occurs during pregnancy rather than after delivery (fig.
		Placenta abruptio decreases the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, making it one of the leading causes of fetal death in the third trimester.
		While placenta abruptio cannot be prevented, your best bet is to keep the conditions related to it - high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes - under control.
	www.umm.edu /pregnancy/labordelivery/articles/abruptioplacentae.html (978 words)

	Placenta \| Pregnancy Weekly
		By the eighth week of your pregnancy, the placenta begins producing estrogen and progesterone, which help maintain and regulate your pregnancy; and baby becomes completely dependant on the placenta for food and oxygen by the 12th week.
		The placenta grows with your baby, reaching a diameter of 10 inches and a thickness of 1 inch by the time you are full-term (40 weeks).
		Delivering the placenta is the third stage of labor, and usually happens within one hour of your baby’s birth.
	www.pregnancyweekly.com /pregnancy_information/placenta.htm (341 words)

	Complications: What You Need to Know About Your Placenta
		Placenta previa is the term for a placenta that implants very low in the uterus.
		In some cases, however, the placenta does not grow properly, it is poorly positioned in the uterus, or it does not function properly.
		After the baby is born, the placenta’s job is done and it is usually delivered a few minutes after the baby.
	www.marchofdimes.com /pnhec/188_1132.asp (643 words)

	UNSW Embryology- Placenta Development
		Classification of placenta is on the basis of histological (microscopic) structural organization and layers between fetal and maternal circulation, giving 3 main groups:
		placenta accreta- abnormal, adherence with absence of decidua basalis.
		The placenta is a multifunctional organ with both fetal and maternal origins.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /Notes/placenta.htm (1754 words)

	Complications: What You Need to Know About Your Placenta
		Placenta accreta is a placenta that attaches itself too deeply and too firmly into the wall of the uterus.
		Placenta percreta is a placenta that attaches itself through the uterus, sometimes extending to nearby organs, such as the bladder.
		If placenta accreta is diagnosed before delivery (by ultrasound), the delivery can be planned, and a surgical procedure that can spare the uterus can be considered.
	www.marchofdimes.com /pnhec/188_1128.asp (634 words)

	Placenta
		The placenta is part of the communication between the fetus and the expectant mother.
		Special tissue of the placenta, cells called "trophoblasts," are the cells that receive diffused and transferred substances from the mother's blood (those puddles).
		Since the placenta is attached to the uterine wall, a property dependent on the original implantation of the blastocyst, this attached area gets smaller, causing the uterus to crimp.
	www.gynob.com /placenta.htm (1117 words)

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