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	San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Mammals
		Mammals are vertebrate animals that are endothermic, have hair on their bodies, and produce milk to feed their babies.
		Placental mammals are the largest group, and their young develop inside the mother’s body while attached to a placenta.
		There are more than 4,000 species of mammals, which taxonomists classify into different groups based on characteristics like their body structure, the number and type of bones, and the number and arrangement of teeth.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/a-mammal.html (392 words)

	Natural History Collections: Placental Mammals
		Placental mammals differ from the marsupials in that their young develop to a relatively mature stage within a uterus attached to the mother by an allantoic placenta.
		The lower teeth are borne on the dentary bone, the upper on the premaxilla and the maxilla.
		Placental mammals typically have two sets of teeth - the milk teeth are replaced by deciduous teeth as the animals mature.
	www.nhc.ed.ac.uk /index.php?page=24.134.166 (356 words)

	What is a Mammal
		No other animal has hair in the same form as mammals, and all mammals have some hair at least at the beginning of their lives - baby whales and dolphins are born with a moustache.
		Mammals, or Mammalia are a class in the Phylum Chordata and the Subphylum Vertebrata.
		Mammals are heterodontic, meaning that their teeth are different shapes, except those with no teeth at all.
	www.earthlife.net /mammals/mammal.html (1055 words)

	mammals
		Mammals are distinguished by a larger brain size, Their back teeth are not replaced, and their front teeth are only replaced once.
		The placentals are characterized by the presence of the placenta which allows the mother to supply the food needed by the developing embryo without forcing the embryo to be born early.
		The diversification and expansion of mammals after the extinction of the dinosaurs is an illustration that newer forms rarely outcompete the older forms, but that most things diversify to fill an ecological vacuum, such as was left by the dinosaurs.
	faculty.weber.edu /bdattilo/fossils/notes/mammals.html (981 words)

	Placental Mammals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Placental mammals are a rather diverse group, with nearly 4000 described species, mostly rodents and bats (photos at left).
		Placental mammals all bear live young, which are nourished before birth in the mother's uterus through a specialized embryonic organ attached to the uterus wall, the placenta.
		The placenta is derived from the same membranes that surround the embryos in the amniote eggs of reptiles, birds, and monotreme.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mammal/eutheria/placental.html (196 words)

	Natural History Collections: Mammals
		Mammals also have a unique jaw articulation - a single bone in the lower jaw - and their teeth are specialised to fulfil different functions (heterodonts).
		As mammals radiated, they adapted to feed on all kinds of vegetable material and vertebrates, as well as the invertebrates thought to have been the principal diet of their earliest ancestors.
		Placental mammals also give birth to live young but their young are nurtured before birth and develop to a relatively mature condition within a uterus.
	www.nhc.ed.ac.uk /index.php?page=24.134.165 (733 words)

	The Hall of Mammals
		The quagga is (or was) a placental mammal, a group also called Eutheria by scientists.
		Placental mammals are one of three major groups of living mammals.
		Mammals themselves are part of a larger tetrapod group called the Synapsida.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mammal/mammal.html (272 words)

	Mammals
		Monotremes are mammals that are best known for laying eggs, instead of giving birth to live young like marsupials and placental mammals.
		The Placental mammals are distinguished from other mammals in that the fetus is nourished during gestation via a placenta while, in general, this is not the case with other mammals.
		Three well known placental mammals are the dingo, the dolphin, and the flying fox.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/p/m/pmz107/mammals.html (1398 words)

	Reproduction in Mammals
		Placental mammals are born in a much more advanced state than non-placental mammals.
		The placenta is the organ from which our group of mammals takes its name, it is the main reason we, the placental mammals, are so much more successful than other mammals.
		Once born, young mammals are fed on milk, and protected by one or more of their parents until they are able to fend for themselves.
	www.earthlife.net /mammals/reproduction.html (1161 words)

	Mammals
		Most living mammals belong to the subclass Theria (placental mammals) and are thought to have developed from mammallike reptiles called therapsids during the Mesozoic (about 180 million years ago).
		Metatherians are the marsupial mammals (kangaroos, koalas, opossums, Tasmanian wolves, and wombats).
		Marsupial placental development, however is short-lived; and following their birth the embryos attach to a nipple within a skin pouch (marsupium) where they continue their development.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/mammals.htm (2045 words)

	Evolution: Library: The Rise of Mammals
		Already present were the ancestors of the three major mammalian groups that exist today -- monotremes (platypus and spiny anteater), which lay eggs externally; marsupials (kangaroos, opossums), which carry their young in a pouch; and placental mammals (humans, cows, horses), which retain the fetus internally during long gestation period.
		It took several million years for the mammals to evolve even moderately large body sizes, and the world they inherited was a different place from the one the dinosaurs had dominated.
		The story of the mammals is only one example of adaptive radiation, a process that has happened again and again, at scales both large and small, in evolutionary history.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/03/1/l_031_01.html (660 words)

	A first: a road map for evolution of placental mammals
		Instead of exploring the evolutionary history of this or that mammal or mammal group using one method or another, it sought to address the question for all placental mammals using both methods.
		Mammals as a group are defined as milk-producing animals, with placental mammals comprising the largest group and the commonly recognized mammals such as hoofed species, cats and primates.
		By clarifying the evolutionary histories of other mammals, the placental mammal history will help scientists interpret the vast bulk of data generated in the human genome project.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-02/UoF-Afar-2802101.php (1013 words)

	Marsupial Evolution and Post Flood Migration
		The principal difference between the marsupial and placental mammals is the rate of gestation, or the length of time the offspring is carried in the uterus.
		The mammals that migrated to Australia were either all marsupial by coincidence or there exists the ability for the placentals to evolve to a marsupial mode of reproduction if it is advantageous.
		Among placentals there are at least five different forms the placenta can take in different species which involve changes in the degree of contact and the number of layers of tissue between the maternal blood supply and the embryos.
	www.nwcreation.net /marsupials.html (2692 words)

	Placental Mammal Pages to Color Online
		Placental mammals are advanced mammals whose young are born at a relatively advanced stage (more advanced than the young of other mammals, the monotremes and marsupials).
		The raccoon is a mammal with mask-like markings on its face and a ringed tail.
		A walrus is a northern marine mammal with ivory tusks.
	www.zoomschool.com /painting/Placental.shtml (1080 words)

	Placental Mammals: EnchantedLearning.com
		Placental mammals (subclass Eutheria) are advanced mammals whose young are born at a relatively advanced stage (more advanced than the young of other mammals, the monotremes and marsupials).
		The mammals are monkey, rabbit, elk, weasel, whale, bat, goat, ox, gorilla, elephant.
		The fossa is a meat-eating mammal from the island of Madagascar.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/mammals/Placental.shtml (2288 words)

	Mammals
		Mammals are animals that have hair, are warm-blooded, and nourish their young with milk.
		mammals whose young are born at a relatively advanced stage (more advanced than the young of other mammals, the monotremes and marsupials).
		Smelliest mammal - the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
	www.allaboutmammals.com /subjects/mammals/Mammals.shtml (440 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 430.100 Mammalia
		Placentals, like so many Ivy League scholars, are supposed to originate only from select Northern localities, from which they spread out to enlighten the rest of the Earth.
		Most significantly, a coalition of well-known mammalogists suggested that Dr. Rich's discovery wasn't a placental, and wasn't a tribosphenic mammal at all, but was rather some failed monotreme cousin which had independently and accidentally evolved a (probably inferior) copy of the classic Northern tribosphenic molar.
		An extinct group of Australian tribosphenic mammals which are, or have a striking dental similarity to, placental mammals.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/430Mammalia/430.100.html (1244 words)

	OPOSSUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Marsupials, or pouched mammals, are fundamentally different from the placental mammals.
		Marsupials differ from the placental mammals by the presence of a fur-lined pouch (marsupium) on the abdomen of most of the marsupial female.
		When the Isthmus of Panama landbridge was re-established 3 million years ago, the placental carnivores from North America quickly traveled south and established dominance, wiping out many of the herbivorous and all of the carnivorous marsupials in South America (including the marsupial version of the saber-toothed tiger).
	www.bobpickett.org /order_didelphimorphia.htm (2324 words)

	Mammals
		When mammal young are born, the mother continues to protect them, feeding them milk from her body.
		The young of placentals stay in the uterus until they are ready to be born.
		Human are classified as mammals for many reasons: They are many-celled, move around, and do not make their own food, so they are animals.
	www.dmturner.org /Teacher/Library/4thText/VerPart6.html (604 words)

	Geological Society - News - Gondwana split (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Placental mammals are a diverse group, with nearly 4000 described species (rodents, bats, elephants, humans) that are viviparous (bear live young) and are nourished before birth in the mother's uterus through the placenta (afterbirth).
		Independent studies have resolved placental mammals into four major groups, but it is not clear what the hierarchical relationships within those groups are, hampering the understanding of the early biogeographic history of placental mammals.
		Because these oldest groups are southern groups, the placental mammals originated in the south, they contend.
	www.geolsoc.org.uk /template.cfm?name=Placentals (580 words)

	Australia's Lost Kingdoms - Tingamarra
		Tingamarra appears to be the only land-based placental mammal to have arrived in Australia before about 8 million years ago.
		The only other native placental mammals in Australia are rodents and Dingos (which arrived here more recently), and bats (which presumably flew in).
		Discovery of Tingamarra surprised scientists, because it meant that placental mammals were indeed in Australia many millions of years ago, and the marsupials had flourished anyway.
	www.lostkingdoms.com /facts/factsheet13.htm (202 words)

	Eutheria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the adjective placental is used almost universally to describe a placental mammal; placental mammals are rarely, if ever, referred to as eutheres.
		The majority of living mammals are placental: the other two extant groups are the Monotremata and the Marsupialia; there are other groups of extinct mammals.
		The Eutheria are distinguished from other mammals in that the fetus is nourished during gestation via a placenta while, in general, this is not the case with other mammals (Bandicoots are a conspicuous exception to this rule).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Placentalia (304 words)

	Biology4Kids.com: Vertebrates: Mammals
		Placental mammals are the dominant form of mammal on the planet.
		Placental mammals deliver their young live and ready for action.
		Placental mammals are everywhere, even in the oceans.
	www.biology4kids.com /files/vert_mammal.html (306 words)

	CNN.com - Fossilized shrew could be ancient human kin - April 24, 2002
		This fossil is believed to be the earliest placental mammal ever discovered.
		In placental mammals, babies grow and are nourished inside the mother's body through an organ known as the placenta.
		He said Eomaia is in such good condition that a microscopic look at it actually reveals mammal hair, which is an especially critical find in establishing the first branch of the placental evolutionary tree.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/TECH/science/04/24/early.mammal (533 words)

	Paleocene mammals of the world
		Among recent mammals, the even- and odd-toed ungulates, hyraxes, elephants, aardvarks, sea cows and whales are traditionally regarded as members of the Ungulata (but see discussion at the end of this article).
		The issue is not finally resolved, but this new interpretation fits to the idea that mammals filled the vacant ecological niches after a catastrophic extinction of the dinosaurs, which may have been caused by the impact of a large meteorite.
		These small placental animals, called zhelestids, are not strictly classified as ungulates, but their teeth may show us a first stage in the evolution of an ungulate-like dentition.
	www.paleocene-mammals.de /condylarths.htm (3708 words)

	Paleocene mammals of the world
		Such shrew-like mammals are often imagined as the sole survivors of the events that wiped away the dinosaurs, and they are often portrayed as the kind of mammal typical of the following epoch, the Paleocene.
		Their teeth closely resemble those of primitive hoofed mammals belonging to the family Hyopsodontidae, and the classification of several forms as either insectivores or archaic hoofed mammals is still disputed.
		As a matter of fact, the two living mammals with which the apatemyids had previously been compared, the aye-aye and the striped possum, both have lengthened particular fingers of the hand, which they use to extract larvae from their burrows or from narrow crevices.
	www.paleocene-mammals.de /insectivores.htm (7964 words)

	Australian Mammals: Evolutionary Development as a Result of Geographic Isolation
		The oldest mammals are descendants of animals (monotremes and marsupials) that were on the continent when it was separated from Antarctica.
		Define: mammal, evolution, placental mammal, monotreme, marsupial, flora, fossil, and fauna.
		Placentals are mammals that produce a well developed placenta which allows the young to be born in a more developed state.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/australia.html (1550 words)

	Carnegie Museum of Natural History News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The new fossil is the most primitive known relative to all placental mammals, and provides rare evidence for the earliest history of placental mammals.
		Eomaia was a shrew-sized (about 5 inches or 14 cms long and weighed 20 to 25 grams) placental mammal that co-existed with large sauropod dinosaurs and the carnivorous therapod dinosaurs of the Cretaceous.
		Prior to this discovery, the earliest record of a placental mammal was represented by isolated teeth about 115 million years old.
	www.carnegiemuseums.org /cmnh/news/02-mar-apr/042502eomaia.html (676 words)

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