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Topic: Plagiocephaly

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Brachycephaly

Cephalic disorder

Positional plagiocephaly

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	Deformational Plagiocephaly - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Deformational (or positional) plagiocephaly refers to a misshapen, asymmetrical shape of the head from repeated pressure to the same area of the head.
		Torticollis is often associated with the development of plagiocephaly since the infant holds his or her head against the mattress in the same position.
		Premature infants are at a higher risk for plagiocephaly since the cranial bones become stronger and harder in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-9710 (0 words)

	Children's Hospital - Deformational Plagiocephaly
		Deformational (or positional) plagiocephaly refers to a misshapen (asymmetrical) shape of the head (cranium) from repeated pressure to the same area of the head.
		Occasionally, a baby is born with this flattening because of a tight intrauterine environment (i.e., in multiple births, small maternal pelvis, or with a breech position).
		Torticollis is often associated with the development of plagiocephaly since the infant holds his/her head against the mattress in the same position repeatedly.
	www.childrenscentralcal.org /printpage.asp?id=2056 (622 words)

	BBC - Health - Conditions - Plagiocephaly
		When the skull is kept in one particular position for long periods - because the baby is sleeping in a set position (such as on his back) or because muscles attached to the skull go into spasm (known as torticollis) - areas of the skull may be squashed or pulled flat.
		Plagiocephaly may also be caused by abnormally early joining together of the bones that form the skull.
		Other factors that increase the risk of plagiocephaly include a multiple birth pregnancy (as the babies 'squash together' in the womb), prematurity, poor muscle tone and a condition known as oligohydramnios, where there's insufficient fluid in the womb to cushion the baby.
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/conditions/plagiocephaly2.shtml (825 words)

	Plagiocephaly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Plagiocephaly is the premature fusion of the coronal suture.
		The appearance of a child with plagiocephaly is such that half of the forehead appears to be "pushed" in giving a prominence to the eye and an asymmetry to the forehead.
		Surgery to correct Plagiocephaly is ideally performed between the ages of 3-12 months of age by a team of craniofacial surgeons.
	www.associatedplasticsurgeons.com /plagiocephaly.htm (192 words)

	What is Positional Plagiocephaly? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There are two types of positional plagiocephaly: positional brachycephaly, in which the back of the head is flat and the head is wide and short, and positional scaphocephaly, in which the head is narrow and long.
		A rise in positional plagiocephaly is an unfortunate side effect of the American Academy of Pediatrics' 1992 campaign, Back to Sleep, which encouraged parents to place their babies on their backs to sleep in the hope of reducing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
		If your doctor feels that the case of positional plagiocephaly is mild, he or she may recommend repositioning, a change of environment so the baby will focus in another direction, and more “tummy time.” Tummy time is imperative to a child’s development, both physically and mentally.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-positional-plagiocephaly.htm (760 words)

	Positional Plagiocephaly Petition
		Prior to the 1992 Implementation of the Back to Sleep Campaign, it was estimated that 1 in 300 babies had varying degrees of cranial asymmetry {abnormal head shape}.
		As of today, it is estimated that 1 in 60 babies have a cephalic disorder, known as Positional Plagiocephaly.
		The Positional Plagiocephaly Petition to American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS, and The American Board of Pediatrics was created by and written by Katherine Dattilo (dattkat@yahoo.com).
	www.petitiononline.com /0799/petition.html (473 words)

	Plagiocephaly - Skull Base Institute
		Plagiocephaly is a term used to describe an asymmetric head shape.
		Positional (deformational) plagiocephaly refers to a misshapen (asymmetrical) shape of the head resulting from external repeated pressure to the same area of the head over a relatively long period of time causing a baby's head shape to be abnormal but with no real fusion of the skull sutures.
		Additionally, in deformational plagiocephaly, the skull shape abnormality may not have been present at birth and may improve over time, while in posterior plagiocephaly, due to the true synostosis of the lambdoid suture, the deformity is present at birth and worsens with time.
	www.skullbaseinstitute.com /plagiocephaly.htm (863 words)

	Positional Plagiocephaly \| Craniofacial Center \| Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center
		Positional or deformational plagiocephaly refers to an asymmetric or lopsided head shape typically with flattening in one area caused by an external force or pressure.
		It is different from synostotic plagiocephaly, which is caused by early closure of the sutures in the skull and requires surgery.
		Plagiocephaly is caused by pressure on the bones of the skull before or after birth produced by such factors as a constricted position in the womb or by a baby's positional preference (how they like to lie) in the first several months of life.
	craniofacial.seattlechildrens.org /conditions_treated/pos_plagi.asp (698 words)

	NeurosurgeryToday.org \| What is Neurosurgery \| Patient Education Materials \| occipital plagiocephaly
		Positional plagiocephaly is a condition in which specific areas of an infant’s head develop an abnormally flattened shape and appearance.
		Occipital plagiocephaly causes a flattening of one side of the back of the head, and is often a result of the infant consistently lying on his or her back.
		The risk of positional plagiocephaly can be reduced by simply alternating the sleeping position of the infant, adding supervised tummy time during play, and being aware of which direction the infant tends to look.
	www.neurosurgerytoday.org /what/patient_e/positional_plagiocephaly.asp (857 words)

	Deformational Plagiocephaly - Children's Hospital Boston
		Deformational (or positional) plagiocephaly refers to a misshapen (asymmetrical) shape of the head (cranium) from repeated pressure to the same area of the head.
		Plagiocephaly literally means "oblique head" (from the Greek words "plagio" for oblique and "cephale" for head).
		Occasionally, a baby is born with this flattening because of a tight intrauterine environment (i.e., in multiple births, small maternal pelvis, or with a breech position).
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site692/printerfriendlypageS692P0.html (0 words)

	Positional Plagiocephaly (Flattened Head)
		Positional plagiocephaly is a disorder in which the back or one side of an infant's head is flattened, often with little hair growing in that area.
		Premature babies are more prone to positional plagiocephaly because their skulls are softer than those of full-term babies, and they spend a great deal of time on their backs without being moved or picked up.
		But the differences in head shape seen in children with positional plagiocephaly shouldn't be confused with those caused by craniosynostosis, a more serious condition that occurs when skull bones fuse together too soon, causing an abnormal skull shape and possible brain damage.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/growth/sleep/positional_plagiocephaly.html (0 words)

	Plagiocephaly - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston
		Positional plagiocephaly occurs when an infant's skull becomes flattened in one area due to persistent pressure in that region.
		Plagiocephaly occurs more often in premature infants because their skulls are even softer than full-term infants and because of the intensive medical treatments that may be necessary in the first few weeks of life which often keeps them in a recumbent position without the normal periods of being out of the crib.
		Positional plagiocephaly is usually easily treated using a combination of exercises, variations in sleep position, increasing daytime "tummy-time" or using a helmet or headband to re-shape the head.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1453/mainpageS1453P0.html (0 words)

	The CHOC Neuroscience Institute - Deformational or Positional Plagiocephaly
		Plagiocephaly refers to a misshapen shape of the head from repeated pressure to the same area of the head.
		However, deformational plagiocephaly can also occur in the womb because of a tight environment due to multiple births, a small maternal pelvis or if the baby is in a breech position.
		This increases the risk of deformational plagiocephaly because babies are born with soft, pliable skulls.
	www.choc.org /institutes/diagnosis_d.cfm?id=3 (440 words)

	Positional plagiocephaly - Family factsheets - GOSH and ICH
		Although you may hear plagiocephaly referred to as a type of craniosynostosis (a condition where the skull plates do fuse too early), the skull plates are not fused, but moulded into a different shape - a condition that does not require the surgical treatment needed for craniosynostosis.
		Positional plagiocephaly is produced by pressure from the outside on part of the skull.
		For children with positional plagiocephaly, the ‘natural’ shape of the head is entirely normal - it is the moulding that has pushed it out of shape.
	www.ich.ucl.ac.uk /factsheets/families/F040171 (1364 words)

	Adjustable Banding as a Treatment of Non-synostotic Plagiocephaly
		Plagiocephaly without synostosis, also called positional or deformational plagiocephaly, can be secondary to various environmental factors including, but not limited to, premature birth, restrictive intrauterine environment, birth trauma, torticollis, cervical anomalies, and sleeping position.
		The incidence of plagiocephaly and brachycephaly has increased rapidly in recent years as a result of the “Back to Sleep” campaign recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, in which a supine sleeping position is recommended to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
		Assessment of plagiocephaly and brachycephaly are based on anthropomorphic measures of the head, using anatomical and bony landmarks.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/dme/dme17.html (0 words)

	flathead - plagiocephaly - babyworld - your baby
		Also known as flattened head syndrome, deformational plagiocephaly - often shortened to plagio - is the general term for the most common type of flattening on one side of a baby's head.
		Since the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, where parents are encouraged to sleep their babies on their backs to help prevent cot death, the number of cases of plagiocephaly have risen in line with the 70 per cent reduction in the number of cot deaths.
		Plagiocephaly is a cosmetic problem and there has been no research to say that it is at all dangerous.
	www.babyworld.co.uk /information/baby/health/flathead.asp (1150 words)

	Positional plagiocephaly - Family factsheets - GOSH and ICH
		Positional plagiocephaly is produced by pressure from the outside on part of the skull.
		A result of this is that babies now spend much of their early lives lying on their backs, while sleeping, while being carried about or while in car seats, for instance, and this is a time when the baby’s skull is softest and most easily moulded into a different shape.
		For children with positional plagiocephaly, the ‘natural’ shape of the head is entirely normal - it is the moulding that has pushed it out of shape.
	www.gosh.nhs.uk /factsheets/families/F040171/index.html (1364 words)

	Foundation for Faces of Children: Deformational Plagiocephaly
		In children with deformational frontal plagiocephaly, one side of the forehead is flat, sometimes the cheek and lower jaw are small, an ear is positioned farther back, and the eyelid opening may look smaller.
		In children with deformational posterior plagiocephaly, the back of the head is flat on one side, the ear on that side is further forward than normal, and there is often a minor flattening of the forehead on the opposite side.
		For an infant with minor to moderate deformational plagiocephaly, the recommended treatment is positioning the baby not to lie on the flattened area of the head.
	www.facesofchildren.org /conditions/plagiocephaly.html (0 words)

	Cranial Orthosis for the Treatment of Plagiocephaly
		This type of plagiocephaly is due to premature closure of the sutures of the cranium.
		The incidence of plagiocephaly has increased rapidly in recent years as a result of the "Back to Sleep" campaign recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, in which a supine sleeping position is recommended to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
		This therapy has been used on infants with deformational plagiocephaly, a condition caused by the infant's head shape being altered as the result of external molding forces, such as the infant's sleeping position or pressure in the womb.
	www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Cranial_Orthosis_for_the_Treatment_of_Plagiocephaly.htm (1033 words)

	Facial Weakness
		Plagiocephaly or asymmetrical craniosynostosis may produce an asymmetrical face (Figure 171.2).
		Unilateral lambdoid and coronal sutures (Figure 171.3) synostosis are frequent causes of facial asymmetry.
		Plagiocephaly should be corrected surgically by 4 to 6 months of age.
	pediatricneuro.com /alfonso/pg171.htm (239 words)

	Positional Plagiocephaly (Head Shape Deformity) \| Cleft Palate Foundation
		Positional plagiocephaly means that a person has a misshapened or asymmetrically-shaped head, with the skull usually flattened in one area.
		When a mother is pregnant with multiple babies (such as twins or triplets), the babies may be too crowded to move about freely in the womb, therefore receiving constant pressure on their skulls.
		Premature infants can develop plagiocephaly because their skull bones are softer than those of full-term babies, and they cannot move their heads as easily.
	www.cleftline.org /publications/plagiocephaly (0 words)

	Plagiocephaly Information Web
		The 34-year-old, whose son Robbie suffered from flat head syndrome - known as plagiocephaly - visited GP surgeries and health centres across the Capital and...
		Plagiocephaly was highlighted in the September 2005 issue of
		Plagiocephaly was highlighted in the July 4, 2005 issue of
	www.plagiocephaly.org (0 words)

	Plagiocephaly - more questions than answers
		Prior to 1991, when the National SIDS Prevention Campaign in New Zealand first promoted non-prone sleeping, and at a time when most Western babies were sleeping on their tummies or sides, ‘plagiocephaly’ meant frontal head flattening; now, there is an almost universal association with occipital flattening.
		Because of parental and health professional concern about plagiocephaly, recommendations need to be made, even though the evidence for these recommendations is limited.
		Relation between side of plagiocephaly, dislocation of hip, scoliosis, bat ears, and sternomastoid tumours.
	www.nzma.org.nz /journal/116-1181/580 (0 words)

	CAPPS Positional Plagiocephaly FAQ
		Positional Plagiocephaly is caused when repeated external pressure is applied to one side of the occiput (the back of the head) and a flat spot occurs.
		It is also common for an infant with Positional Plagiocephaly to have misaligned ears (the ear on the effected side may be pulled forward and down and be larger then the unaffected ear) and facial asymmetry, with the affected side of the face having a fuller cheek, and a more prominent appearance.
		My daughter was born with Positional Plagiocephaly and Congenital Muscular Torticollis, but her Plagio and facial asymmetry worsened as a result of too much time spent on her back and the fact that we did not know that our daughter should have been undergoing physical therapy to loosen her neck muscles.
	www.cappskids.org /PlagioFAQ.htm (2901 words)

	Look for the "stuck baby" to identify congenital torticollis - Modern Medicine
		Plagiocephaly related to torticollis may be preventable if early signs of the latter are identified and treatment is initiated.
		Centuries later, in 1974, torticollis was estimated to occur in 0.3% of newborns and was observed in association with plagiocephaly, ipsilateral mandibular asymmetry, scoliosis, and deformities of the feet.
		Plagiocephaly in the newborn is generally visible when viewed from the top of the head (bird's eye view) as a mild flattening of the forehead on one side and of the occiput on the opposite side.
	www.contemporarypediatrics.com /contpeds/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=108032 (3270 words)

	Long-Term Developmental Outcomes in Patients With Deformational Plagiocephaly -- Miller and Clarren 105 (2): e26 -- ...
		The population of children with deformational plagiocephaly evaluated at CHRMC from 1980 through 1991 was consistent with
		Fredrick DR, Mulliken JB, Robb RM Ocular manifestations of deformational frontal plagiocephaly.
		Watson GH Relation between side of plagiocephaly, dislocation of hip, scoliosis, bat ears, and sternomastoid tumors.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/105/2/e26 (2960 words)

	Medical Policy OR-PR.00002 \| Adjustable Band for the Treatment of Non-Synostotic Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly, ...
		Gupta and colleagues (2003) reported on the ophthalmologic findings in 93 patients with deformational plagiocephaly; 24% had unilateral or bilateral astigmatism compared with 19% prevalence in the normal population. This study did not indicate whether the participants did or did not undergo helmet therapy.
		The incidence of plagiocephaly and brachycephaly has increased rapidly in recent years as a result of the “Back to Sleep” campaign initiated in 1992 by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), in which a supine sleeping position is recommended to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
		Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly in the first two years of life: a prospective cohort study.
	www.healthlink.com /provider/medpolicy/policies/OR-PR/cranial_orthosis.html (0 words)

	Deformational Plagiocephaly - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
		Torticollis is often associated with the development of plagiocephaly since the infant holds his/her head against the mattress in the same position repeatedly.
		Premature infants are at a higher risk for plagiocephaly since the cranial bones become stronger and harder in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy.
		Infants who sleep on their backs or in car seats without alternating positions for extended periods of time are also at a higher risk for deformational plagiocephaly.
	www.lpch.org /DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/craniofacial/dfrmplag.html (645 words)

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