Plains Bison - Factbites

Plains Bison - Factbites
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Topic: Plains Bison

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	American Bison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bison were a keystone species, whose grazing pressure was a force that shaped the ecology of the Great Plains as strongly as periodic prairie fires and which were central to the lifestyle of Native Americans of the Great Plains.
		But these were discouraged, as it was recognized that the Plains Indians, often at war with the United States, depended on bison for their way of life.
		The destruction of the bison was resisted by many of the Plains Indians, but not with success.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Bison (2349 words)

	Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
		The University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Center for Great Plains Studies has published a new chapbook of poems portraying images of bison and the prairie, "Bison Poems: Of Bison and the Great Plains." The book originated from a juried reading at the Center's conference on bison in April 2000 in Lincoln at the Cornhusker Hotel.
		The Encyclopedia of the Great Plains and the Journals of Lewis and Clark are long-term projects unique to the Center for Great Plains Studies.
		Plains Song Review is a interdisciplinary literary journal sponsored by the University of Nebraska's Center for Great Plains Studies and founded in 1998.
	www.unl.edu /plains/publications/publications.html (425 words)

	Hinterland Who's Who - North American Bison
		The destruction of the vast free-ranging bison herds on the prairies brought the species to the verge of extinction[Hyperlink to the glossary.]and with it the collapse of the civilization of the Plains Indians.
		Some farmers may also recognize that, because plains bison evolved as part of prairie grassland ecosystems, domesticated bison are potentially more compatible than beef cattle with the region’s other native animals and plants.
		The wood bison is taller, longer legged, and less stockily built than the plains bison, but it is heavier.
	www.hww.ca /hww2.asp?pid=1&cid=8&id=97 (2007 words)

	Bison
		Bison are found primarily on open plains and grasslands where they feed on grass, by pulling rather than biting it off.
		White bison are especially important to the native people of the plains.
		Bison are ruminants, meaning they regurgitate their food and chew it a second time.
	www.northern.edu /natsource/MAMMALS/Bison1.htm (1091 words)

	American bison
		In the seventeenth century, an estimated 60 million bison roamed the plains of North America.
		bison, the great plains of southern Canada and the central United States.
		Unlike the native Americans, who had traditionally hunted the bison for food, tools, and their hides, the European's slaughter was primarily for sport, with people shooting from the newly built railway, seeing how many they could kill in a day.
	www.ultimateungulate.com /Artiodactyla/Bison_bison.html (1231 words)

	Bison
		Bison lived primarily on the Great Plains, but some herds were found as far east as the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania and then south into the Carolinas.
		he first European explorers to see the Great Plains were overwhelmed by the spectacle of vast herds of bison stretching as far as the eye could see.
		Bison will use their massive heads to push the snow aside in winter to reach the grass beneath.
	www.gpnc.org /bison.htm (486 words)

	American Bison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bison were a keystone species, whose grazing pressure was a force that shaped the ecology of the Great Plains as strongly as periodic prairie fires and which were central to the lifestyle of Native Americans of the Great Plains.
		Bison were hunted almost to extinction in the 19th century and were reduced to a few hundred individuals by the mid-1880s, from which all the present day's managed herds are descended.
		Bison meat is lower in fat and cholesterol than beef which has led to the development of beefalo, a fertile cross-breed of bison and domestic cattle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Bison (2345 words)

	MSN Encarta - Bison
		The bison originated in Eurasia and is one of the few members of its family to have crossed the Bering Strait land bridge in prehistoric times to North America, where two subspecies, the plains bison and the wood bison, survive.
		The plains bison is classified as Bison bison bison, the wood bison as Bison bison athabascae, and the European bison as Bison bonasus.
		The bison is characterized by a hump over the front shoulders; short, sharply pointed horns (in both sexes) curving outward and up from the sides of the massive head; and slimmer hindquarters.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570386/Bison.html (571 words)

	BUFFALO / BISON
		Bison once roamed from Canada to Mexico, grazing the great plains and frequenting the mountain areas of the North American continent.
		The legendary strength and endurance of the Native Plains American are perhaps testimony to the extraordinary nutritional values acquired from a diet that depended upon a constant supply of bison meat.
		Bison meat is an alternative to beef considering the U.S. Department of Agriculture reports that 124,000 cattle are slaughtered each day and there are only 150,000 head of bison in all public and private herds in the United States.
	www.americanwest.com /critters/buffindx.htm (2455 words)

	BISON Species Account 050125
		The American bison is native to the North American plains 26.
		With the introduction of the horse, the Plains Indians began hunting on horseback and migrating with the bison.
		Bison, which were at first killed only to get them out of the way of the building of the transcontinental railroad, were used as a food source for the men of these working crews.
	www.fw.vt.edu /fishex/nmex_main/species/050125.htm (4899 words)

	American Bison Hunting - 02-28-2006
		With westward expansion of the American frontier, systematic reduction of the plains herds began around 1830, when buffalo hunting became the chief industry of the plains.
		Native American tribes depended on the buffalo's meat and hides, and many still today believe the animal has special spiritual and healing powers, making it an important part of their culture.
		While the present herds, numbering about 200,000 buffalo in all, are not as large as the great herds that once ranged the North American continent, they are large enough to ensure the continued well-being of the American buffalo for generations to come.
	www.bluewaterbiggame.com /game/north_american_bison.cfm (1049 words)

	The American Great Plains
		These plains were a vital part of village life along the river, which depended on not only maize and bean agriculture, but on large scale bison hunting as well.
		The number of bison kills increased and some argue that the Plains Indians were now accumulating surpluses of meat that they would use for trading.
		Thus, the Central Plains Tradition is an offshot of the Plains Woodland Tradition with their own set of unique traits and who are believed to have been later absorbed by cultures of the Mississippian region.
	www.runningdeerslonghouse.com /webdoc211.htm (1049 words)

	Original Artwork: Gene Jarvis: European Bison Or Wild Ox
		The Plains Bison, or Wild Oxen, steadily decreased in population with land cultivation in Europe.
		The Steppe Bison became extinct during the Glacial Period, while the Forest type developed into an Alpine and a Plains form.
		A close relative of the North American Bison, the Wild Ox originally migrated from North India in two groups.
	www.windriverstudios.com /EB5SCQJX.htm (1049 words)

	growth.txt
		YEAR: 1976 TITLE: A macroscopic study of the brain of Bison bison bison, the American plains buffalo.
		YEAR: 1975 TITLE: Aspects of variation in cranial characters of plains bison (Bison bison bison Linnaeus) from Elk Island National Park, Alberta.
		S, Krasinska, M., and Wegrzyn, M. TITLE: Morpholgy of the spleen in the European bison and its hybrids with domestic cattle.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/literatr/bisonbib/growth.txt (1049 words)

	Goodnight, Charles. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
		He also bred bison and is thereby credited with preserving the remnant of the South Plains herd.
		By crossing bison and Polled Angus cattle he produced the first herd of cattalo.
		In 1880 he organized the Panhandle Stockmen’s Association, which suppressed lawlessness and introduced purebred cattle.
	www.bartleby.com /65/go/Goodnigh.html (1049 words)

	The American Great Plains
		These plains were a vital part of village life along the river, which depended on not only maize and bean agriculture, but on large scale bison hunting as well.
		The number of bison kills increased and some argue that the Plains Indians were now accumulating surpluses of meat that they would use for trading.
		Thus, the Central Plains Tradition is an offshot of the Plains Woodland Tradition with their own set of unique traits and who are believed to have been later absorbed by cultures of the Mississippian region.
	www.anthroclass.com /lectures/lbanth347/class8.html (1049 words)

	Wildlife Notebook Series: American Bison - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		American bison (Bison bison), which shaped the lifestyle of the Plains Indians and figured prominently in American history before they were brought to near extinction, were transplanted to Alaska from Montana in 1928.
		Bison are frequently visible throughout the summer at an overlook near Mile 242 on the Richardson Highway.
		While bison were the most common large land mammal in Alaska thousands of years ago, all of Alaska's existing wild bison came from 20 animals released near Delta Junction.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/biggame/bison.php (813 words)

	Theodore Roosevelt National Park Buffalo or Bison
		The bison was the mainstay of Plains Indian life, providing food, clothing and shelter; little of the animal was wasted.
		A bison cow is similar in appearance to the bull, but is smaller in size, weighing up to 1100 pounds and reaching a height of four to five-and-a-half feet at the shoulder.
		Bison are herbivores or plant eaters, and feed primarily on wheat grass, buffalo grass, blue grama, and other similar grasses.
	www.nps.gov /thro/tr_buffs.htm (1010 words)

	American Buffalo Animal Facts Chaffee Zoological Gardens of Fresno
		Today there are about 50,000 individuals, most of which are plains bison.
		Bison historically lived in herds of thousands, but are now found in small herds of about 50 animals.
		Bison like to roll in loose soil and an ecological relationship has developed involving prairie grasses, the prairie dog and the bison.
	www.chaffeezoo.org /animals/bison.html (196 words)

	American Bison
		The bison has a thick brown fur coat which helps it to keep warm in the severe winters of the plains.
		The American bison used to be found on prairies in western Canada and the United States.
		The life span of the American bison is 20 years in the wild and up to 40 years in captivity.
	lsb.syr.edu /projects/cyberzoo/americanbison.html (184 words)

	Oakland Zoo: American Bison
		Two races of bison are recognized: Plains Buffalo and Wood Buffalo of Canada.
		Bison are susceptible to tuberculosis, anthrax, and brucellosis.
		Most of the bison in our herd were born here; one is from a private owner.
	www.oaklandzoo.org /atoz/azbison.html (378 words)

	Bison
		A symbol of the wild west, the bison can still be found on the Great Plains, in prairies, and forests in parts of Canada and the western United States.
		Bison are found in Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND; Badlands National Park, SD; Wind Cave National Park, SD; Grand Teton National Park, WY; and Yellowstone, WY.
		Shooting bison for their hides was a favorite frontier sport in the 19th century.
	www.npca.org /wildlife_protection/wildlife_facts/bison.asp (270 words)

	NatureWorks - American Bison
		The American bison live on plains, prairies and river valleys.
		The bison has long shaggy brown fur, a mane and beard under its chin and a long tail with a tuft of hair at the end.
		Female bison are ready to mate when they are two to three years old.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/americanbison.htm (418 words)

	Focus On Bison
		Bison were the center of life for the Plains tribes of Native Americans who found in them nearly all the food, clothing, and shelter they needed.
		Bison is a deeper red color before cooking because there is no marbling (white flecks of fat within the meat muscle).
		There are now approximately 150,000 bison in public and private lands in the U.S. Unlike the older, tougher animals the Native Americans ate, today's bison are custom-fed and slaughtered at about 18 months, so the meat is as tender as beef.
	www.fsis.usda.gov /OA/pubs/focusbison.htm (1211 words)

	Backyard Bison - The Delaware Valley and Lehigh Valley's finest buffalo meat!
		Our Bison (American Plains Buffalo) are ranch raised with care here on our farm in Upper Bucks County in Pennsylvania.
		Bison is also more tender than beef, and has a slightly sweeter taste than beef, and no, it is not wild or gamey tasting.
		Backyard Bison is a small, unconventional, farm where we use common-sense practices to naturally produce good food that is good for you.
	www.backyardbison.com (557 words)

	Lucky B Bison–Bryan/College Station, Texas
		Our land is blessed with lush improved and native grasses, fertile soil, and mild climate–ideal for raising American Plains Bison.
		The Lucky B Bison Ranch is located deep in the heart of Texas near Bryan and College Station.
		The Lucky B Bison Festival has completed the endowment for the Native American Scholarship to Texas AandM!
	www.luckybbison.com (116 words)

	Great Plains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Historically the Great Plains were the range of the bison and of the Great Plains culture of the Native American tribes of the Blackfeet, Crow, Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Comanche and others.
		After the near-extinction of the buffalo and the removal of the Native Americans to Indian reservations, the Great Plains were devoted to ranching and were open range, that is, anyone was theoretically free to run cattle.
		This continuing population loss has led some to suggest that the current use of the drier parts of the plains is not sustainable, and propose that large parts be restored to native grassland grazed by buffalo, a proposal known as Buffalo Commons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Plains (871 words)

	Encyclopedia: Great Plains
		Historically the Great Plains were the range of the bison and of the Great Plains culture of the Native American tribes of the Blackfeet, Crow, Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Comanche and others.
		The High Plains refers to the elevated region of the Great Plains generally west of the 100th meridian, which roughly corresponds with the line west of which there is 20 inches (500 mm) of rainfall a year or less.
		The Great Plains is the broad expanse of prairie which lies east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States of America and Canada, covering all or parts of the U.S. states of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota and North Dakota and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Great-Plains (5840 words)

	MSN Encarta - Cree
		The Plains Cree, some of whom were allied with the Assiniboine people of Manitoba, hunted deer, caribou, elk, moose, and, on the Northern Plains, buffalo (American bison).
		The Cree are sometimes grouped by scholars, east to west, as the Eastern Wood Cree, the Swampy Cree, the Western Wood Cree, and the Plains Cree.
		Cree, Native Americans of the Algonquian language family and of the Subarctic and Great Plains culture areas.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761564434 (458 words)

	The Plains Indians
		The Plains Indians, while not living in perfect harmony with the environment, to some extent adjusted their hunting practices, religious ceremonies, and social organization to the seasons, the bison, and other environmental factors, such as the herding requirements of their horses.
		For the Plains Indians, the period from 1750 to 1890, often referred to as the traditional period, was an evolutionary time.
		The Plains Indians is a clear, well-written narrative history of the Plains Indians during a vital and well-known era in Indian and American history.
	www.tamu.edu /upress/books/carlson.htm (391 words)

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