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Topic: Plains Indians

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	Plains Indians
		The Plains Indians lived in the area from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to Mexico.
		The plains area was hotter than 100 degrees in the summer, and could drop to 40 degrees below zero with heavy snows in the winter.
		Few Indians lived on the Great Plains before white men brought the horse in the 1600’s.
	www.mce.k12tn.net /indians/reports4/plains.htm (308 words)

	Plains Indians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Plains Indians were the Native American tribes who lived in the Great Plains region of North America.
		The Plains tribes adopted a horse culture beginning in the 17th century when escaped Spanish horses were obtained.
		With horses, the Indians could simply stampede and overtake the bison with their speed, and many bison were slaughtered at point-blank range from horseback.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plains_Indians (1237 words)

	The Plains Indians
		Plains Indian (also called North American Plains or Buffalo Indian) is any member of various tribes of American Indians that formerly inhabited the Great Plains of what is now the central United States and south-central Canada, between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.
		Nomadic Indians found cattle a poor replacement for buffalo, and semisedentary groups, who considered cultivation to be women's work, resisted the change in the division of labour brought on by the introduction of the plow.
		The Alqonquian : Blackfeet ~ Gros Ventre ~ Cheyenne ~ Arapaho ~ Plains Cree ~ Plains Ojibwa
	critters.50megs.com /native (889 words)

	03.02.03: Plains Indians: An Interdisciplinary Unit of Study
		Another way Plains Indians attempted to capture the buffalo would be when the men would dress like a baby buffalo and act like it was lost, as the buffalo would attempt to reclaim its baby the others would circle around it and use spears and arrows to kill the animal.
		As the Plains Indians were, at first, hunters and gathers as well as extremely aware of the seasons, plants, and animals that would be available for food during each season, picture writing may have been a way for them to record what was available to them during each season.
		Indians on the Plains practiced a sharp division of labor, the men hunted and defended while the women cared for the children and elders, and tended to the crops, cooked and made clothing.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/2003/2/03.02.03.x.html (9298 words)

	Plains Indian Horse Culture History Spanish Horses Pictures Maps
		Early Indian ethnologists believed the feral Spanish mustangs that roamed the Plains descended from Spanish horses lost by Cortez, and that the Plains Indian horses came from these wild Spanish horses.
		The Ute Indians were related to the Comanche and probably supplied them with their first horses.
		Indians villages that had horses were confined to areas with good pasture, and in the winter, a plentiful supply of cottonwood bark was required as well.
	www.thefurtrapper.com /indian_horse.htm (3477 words)

	SparkNotes: Westward Expansion (1807-1912): The Plains Indians
		Indian officials and military authorities were suspicious of the movement and attempted to arrest chief Sitting Bull, a Sioux war hero whose cabin had become the center of the movement.
		This massacre was the symbolic end to Indian resistance; the Plains Indians were essentially conquered and moved into reservations throughout the next decade.
		The movement to "civilize" the Indians was infused with a sense of cultural superiority.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/westwardexpansion/section11.rhtml (1587 words)

	PLAINS
		This culture group of Indians is well-known for the importance of the buffalo, their religious ceremonies, the use of the tepee, and their war-path customs.
		One way was for Indians on horseback to ride into the herd on horseback and use bows and arrows to kill the buffalo.
		Plains Indians ONLY killed what was needed to survive, never more.
	www.germantownbulldogs.org /indians/plains.html (1172 words)

	The Plains Indians
		Early relations between the traders at the Fort and the Indians were amicable, but as the tide of emigrants swelled along the Oregon Trial, resentments and friction began to emerge.
		The influx angered the Sioux, because the Black Hills region was a sacred area and it was also part of the reservation lands guaranteed to the Indians by the Treaty of 1868.
		Originally from what is now northern Minnesota, they had migrated to the high plains by the early 1800's and ranged from the Missouri River in the North to the Arkansas River in the South.
	www.nps.gov /fola/indians.htm (770 words)

	The Plains Indians
		For the Plains Indians, the period from 1750 to 1890, often referred to as the traditional period, was an evolutionary time.
		The Plains Indians, while not living in perfect harmony with the environment, to some extent adjusted their hunting practices, religious ceremonies, and social organization to the seasons, the bison, and other environmental factors, such as the herding requirements of their horses.
		The Plains Indians is a clear, well-written narrative history of the Plains Indians during a vital and well-known era in Indian and American history.
	www.tamu.edu /upress/books/1998/carlson.htm (405 words)

	American Indian \| Native \| First Nations \| Plains and Southeastern Tribes \| Sioux \| Cheyenne (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Plains Indians lived in the huge area between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains.
		Since the Plains Indians followed the buffalo around, they needed shelter they could move quickly.
		Plains Tribes memebers considered a real treat to eat the still-warm heart, liver, kidneys and brain of a freshly killed buffalo.
	www.kidzworld.com /site/p1303.htm (603 words)

	Plains Indians
		The Plains Indians ranged over a geographical area from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada in the north to Texas in the south.
		They are usually of ash, which grows on many of the mountain creeks, and regular expeditions are undertaken when a supply is required, either for their own lodges, or for trading with those tribes who inhabit the prairies at a great distance from the locality where the poles are procured.
		There are also certain creeks where the Indians resort to lay in a store of kinnik-kinnik (the inner bark of the red willow), which they use as a substitute for tobacco, and which has an aromatic and very pungent flavour.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /WWplains.htm (2162 words)

	North American Indians - Plains Culture Area
		The Great Plains (sometimes called the American prairies) fills the very center of the North American continent, stretching some 1,500 miles north to south (from the north central regions of Texas to the southern prairies of Canada) andmore than 1,000 miles east to west (from the Mississippi-Missouri Valley to the Rocky Mountains).
		And while the Plains landscape appears to many to be a vast unbroken treeless anduniform grassland, it is in fact broken by ranges of hills andwooded river valleys, and consists of two subregions, the more humid eastern plains with tall-grass prairies andthe drier western plains or steppe, where short-grass prairies dominate.
		Other Plains hunters, such as the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Crow, andDakota were latecomers to the Plains, abandoning their settled agricultural way of life for one of nomadic buffalo hunting and, as was the case on the southern Plains dwellers, raiding the towns of the native peoples of the Southwestern Culture Area.
	www.cabrillo.edu /~crsmith/anth7_plains.html (8246 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Plains Indians: Books: Paul Howard Carlson (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carlson (history, Texas Tech) has written an intelligent and readable survey of the Plains Indians during that significant period from 1750 to 1890 that saw the rapid rise and equally rapid destruction of the culture the Plains Indians built with the adoption of horses in the 1700s.
		Carlson's well-written narrative traces the culture and history of the Plains Indians from 1750 to 1890.
		The author emphasizes that the Plains Indians were neither passive recipients nor hapless victims and that they didn't live in perfect harmony with nature and the environment.
	www.amazon.ca /Plains-Indians-Paul-Howard-Carlson/dp/0890968179 (489 words)

	Red River War
		Among the Indians there was talk of war and killing, and of driving the white man from the land.
		The goods would be allotted to the tribes each year for a thirty-year period and the Indian tribes would be allowed to continue to "hunt on any lands south of the Arkansas River so long as the buffalo may range thereon." In exchange, the Indians agreed to stop their attacks and raids.
		The primary objective of the military campaign of 1874 was the removal of the Indian groups from this area of Texas and the opening of the region to Anglo-American settlement.
	www.texasbeyondhistory.net /redriver (1368 words)

	General George Crook (DesertUSA)
		His unique Indian fighting style included his extensive use of Indian scouts, a relentless pursuit of Indians on their own territory and a willingness to negotiate rather than engage in battle.
		If they let the bad Indians raid and steal and kill, it would be impossible to protect the Indians who obeyed the law.
		Crook was opposed to sending Indian children to boarding schools in the East, but was thwarted in his efforts to establish schools on all the reservations.
	www.desertusa.com /mag99/may/papr/crook.html (1234 words)

	Plains Indians--The Overland Trail Links--Last updated 10/29/01
		Indian Fur Trade This site is for the collection and sharing of unbiased information on the effects of the fur trade on Native Americans between 1804 and 1843.
		Shoshoni Indians occupied the region from the Wind River Mountains to Fort Bridger and astride the Oregon Trail.
		The Trail of the Sac and Fox It was during the 1840's that the Sac and Fox Indians started on their long journey to take up their home in the land provided for them in Kansas, being a portion of the present counties of Lyon, Osage, and Franklin.
	www.over-land.com /indians.html (1671 words)

	American West - White Opinion of Plains Indians
		At first the Indians welcomed the settlers; it was their belief that the land should be shared.
		Indian culture was different and so in the whites eyes was inferior.
		American treaties with the Indians, such as the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, which were made to settle differences, were always broken by the whites.
	www.historyonthenet.com /American_West/white_opinion_indians.htm (245 words)

	Plains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plains is the plural of plain, a geographical feature.
		Plains Indians, a native people of Great Plains
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plains (109 words)

	Horses and Plains Indians
		In the year of 1680 the Pueblo Indians revolted against the Spanish and drove the Spanish out of their land and back down into Old Mexico.
		French traders reported that the Cheyenne Indians in Kansas got their first horses in the year of 1745.
		Plains Indians, including Texas Plains Indians, hunted buffalo on foot before they had horses.
	www.texasindians.com /horse.htm (765 words)

	Non-State War: The War Against The Plains Indians
		clashes between the Indians and the settlers provoked the raising of regiments of
		Indians were to live close to white men, they must abandon their own way of life
		Indian nations, the Teton Sioux or Teton Dakotas.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/AMH/XIX/PlainsIndians.htm (3630 words)

	Plains
		The Great Plains cover miles and miles of open rolling country in the middle of the United States.
		The Indians who lived there were called the Plains Indians.
		The Plains Indians had a good life as they followed the herds of buffalo.
	www.tooter4kids.com /Thanksgiving/plains.htm (325 words)

	Settlements in North America
		The Native Americans of the Plains lived in one of the most well known shelters, the Tepee (also Tipi or Teepee).
		The Native Americans from the plains used anywhere from eight to twenty different animal skins to cover the outside of the tepee.
		Another form of housing and village life in the Eastern Plains cultures is that of earth homes made from sod and timbers.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/settlements/regions/plains.html (378 words)

	Team Dispatch - Plains Indians: Alive and Dancing
		The Plains Indians, including tribes such as the Sioux, Crow, Arapaho, Shoshone, Cheyenne, Dakota, Comanche, and Choctaw, lived for many centuries by hunting buffalo, also called bison, from the vast herds that grazed on the Great Plains.
		In fact, the Plains Indians made use of horses and guns, as well as European technology such as iron tools, to improve their own prosperity and power, leading to the "Golden Age" of Plains Indians between 1770 and 1870.
		One of the important traditions shared among Plains Indian tribes, a tradition that continues today, is the sweat lodge.
	www.ustrek.org /odyssey/semester1/092300/092300teamplains.html (1352 words)

	Great Plains Indians
		They believed the gods showed themselves in the form of the sun, moon, stars, and anything that was strong or strange, such as an animal, person, or even an odd-shaped stone.
		Powwows were one of the Plains Indian ceremonies.
		This was a dance performed nightly in which the Indians believed that they could speak to the gods and their ancestors.
	portfolio.educ.kent.edu /mcclellandr/zipper1/plains.htm (296 words)

	AmericanWest - Horses and the Plains Indians
		Peaceful sedentary Indians from the south - such as Tarascans and Tlaxcalans - and the once-hostfle Otomíes had come into the orbit of Spanish culture as allies, and a few outstanding leaders were given mounts and taught to ride.
		Like the Chichimeca warriors, the Plains Indian males set their hearts on learning how to master these powerful, proud creatures that could run nearly as fast as antelope and deer.
		Denying the Plains Indians their horses by capturing or killing the animals had become common practice among the commanders in the West.
	www.americanwest.com /critters/gazette.htm (4469 words)

	Plains Indians
		Indians ate berries, cherries, wild greens, camas roots, and wild prairie turnip with the
		The Sun Dance was a very important ceremony among the Plains Indians.
		A parfleche was used by the Plains Indians to carry their possessions.
	www.mce.k12tn.net /indians/reports4/plains2.htm (674 words)

	Plains Indians Acquire the Horse
		The acquisition of the horse transformed Plains Indian culture.
		It is interesting to speculate as to how different history would have been if the horse had stayed in North America and the enormous advantage to civilization had developed first on this side of the ocean.
		One must remember that before the early 1700s the Plains Indian depended on dogs or human beings for transporting their equipment.
	www.bitterrootranch.com /plainsindians.htm (520 words)

	The Otoe--Plains Indians
		The Plains of North American stretch eastward from the foothills of the Rockies across to the Mississippi River, and southward from Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada to the Rio Grande River.
		The Central Plains, where the Otoe lived, are home to the Missouri River, which flows eastward in the northern Plains.
		Being of the Plains Village Culture, the Otoe relied on agriculture to subsidize them when hunting was not, for one reason or another, possible.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/history_oto_tribe/46188 (471 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian:Plains Indians
		At first a group dependent upon transporting their possessions by dog and travois (a sled pulled by an animal), the Blackfeet eagerly adopted the horse into their culture and by the mid-1800s warriors were considered a power to contend with by white fur traders and neighboring tribes alike.
		Pressing issues for the Plains Indians today are the subject of this well-selected collection with topics covered including federal water projects, Indian participation in World War II, energy resources, and Indian civil rights.
		Individual tribes, archaeology, literature, federal Indian policy, and women in Indian society are among the subjects engagingly presented in the 53-volume series.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmai/plains.htm (842 words)

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