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Topic: Plaintext

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Cyphertext

Ciphertext

Cryptanalysis

Madryga

Macro virus

Data Encryption Standard

Block cipher modes of operation

Encryption

Weak key

Block size (cryptography)

FEAL

Block cipher

RC5

Triple DES

Birthday attack

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	PlainText - Freelance editing, text management, copywriting and journalism services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A flsmith forges iron — at PlainText, I hammer words into shape.
		For keyword-rich web copy and content, an enticing newsletter, a press release, brochure or more, PlainText has the solution for you.
		And if you need a skilled and experienced guiding hand to edit or proofread anything from a few pages to a whole book, or are seeking a widely published journalist, come on in
	www.plaintext.co.uk (165 words)

	Plaintext - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cryptography, plaintext is information used as input to an encryption algorithm; the output is termed ciphertext.
		Plaintext is typically human readable, either directly or with some commonly available device, such as a Compact Disk player.
		Plaintext is vulnerable in use and in storage, whether in electronic or paper format.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plaintext (658 words)

	Plaintext - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The plaintext could be, for example, a diplomatic message, a bank transaction, an email, a diary and so forth — any information that someone might want to prevent others from reading.
		If plaintext is kept in a computer file, the disk (or perhaps the entire computer) and its components must be secure.
		Padding is often used, and it is common to run all messages being sent through a data compression algorithm prior to submitting the result (the actual plaintext for encryption to a cryptosystem).
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Plaintext (614 words)

	Plaintext — CLC Plone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ASCII is plaintext, but since ASCII is defined by encoding standards, this makes the "unformattedness" of plaintext a function of the formats and protocols regulating its appearance.
		Plaintext is also a term from cryptography, where it refers to the input into a crypto system, or the message to be encoded (also referred to as "clear text").
		Plaintext is a strategic resource in the military intelligence world of cryptography.
	www.as.wvu.edu /clc/projects/plaintext/document_view?month:int=2&year:int=2005 (758 words)

	Chosen plaintext attack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A chosen plaintext attack is any form of cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker has the capability to choose arbitrary plaintexts to be encrypted and obtain the corresponding ciphertexts.
		This appears, at first glance, to be an unrealistic model; it would certainly be unlikely that an attacker could persuade a human cryptographer to encrypt large amounts of plaintexts of the attacker's choosing.
		Conventional symmetric ciphers, in which the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt a text, are often vulnerable to this type of attack, for example, differential cryptanalysis of block ciphers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chosen_plaintext_attack (286 words)

	Cryptology
		To decrypt the plaintext letter is found at the head of the column determined by the intersection of the diagonal containing the cipher letter and the row containing the key letter.
		While the encryption of any particular plaintext with a block cipher will result in the same ciphertext when the same key is used; with a stream cipher, the transformation of the smaller plaintext units will vary, depending on when they are encountered during the encryption process.
		If the plaintext segment is guessed it is unlikely that its exact position is known however a message is generally short enough for a cryptanalyst to try all possible positions in parallel.
	www.ridex.co.uk /cryptology (10089 words)

	Plaintext (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		During encryption, if the plaintext is transformed by a cipher algorithm, the result will be a ciphertext.
		Since dumpster diving is widely possible, and reconstruction of even shredded sheets possible for those sufficiently committed to their recovery, discarded printed plaintexts must be thoroughly crosscut shredded, burned, or otherwise made un-diveable.
		Second, possession of any plaintext whatsoever, whether it is itself meaningful (and perhaps sensitive) or merely some administrivia, makes several cryptanalytic attacks either possible or easier.
	www.mywiseowl.com /index.php?title=Plaintext&action=creativecommons (773 words)

	winterspeak.com
		This hatred of plaintext is also evident in Hotmail, Microsoft's Trojan horse to Passport.
		One possible reason is it comes from the PC-world where having a printer was all important, and don't understand that desktop publishing functions like bold, italic, and underline make no sense in the networked world, where data is rarely printed out.
		Plaintext can be created by anything and read by anything.
	www.winterspeak.com /columns/080801.html (421 words)

	Amount of Plaintext Known to Attackers
		The more plaintext that is known to attackers, the greater the potential that an attacker can discover the encryption key used to produce ciphertext.
		For a chosen plaintext attack, an attacker chooses plaintext and submits it to be encrypted.
		All public key cryptosystems are vulnerable to chosen plaintext attacks and, thus, use a variety of techniques to protect against these attacks.
	www.microsoft.com /resources/documentation/Windows/2000/server/reskit/en-us/distrib/dsch_key_vuma.asp?frame=true (563 words)

	Plaintext
		Plaintext is a celebration of text, not a multimedia or hypertext experience.
		Plaintext recognizes that the Web, with its global reach and rapid, inexpensive ability to distribute texts, can help advance art in every form, not just at the technological leading edge.
		Plaintext pays $100 for short stories, essays, criticism, or reviews of 800-1000 words and for poems or sets of poems of about 60-80 lines.
	gort.ucsd.edu /newjour/p/msg02253.html (461 words)

	Known Plaintext Attack
		In this paper we describe a known plaintext attack on the PKZIP stream cipher which takes a few hours on a personal computer and requires about 13--40 (compressed) known plaintext bytes, or the first 30--200 uncompressed bytes, when the file is compressed.
		The known plaintext bytes are the inputs of the update_keys function, and the derived key3's are the outputs.
		In this case, 13 known plaintext bytes are required for the whole attack, and the complexity of analysis is 2^{38}.
	www.svn.net /mycal/junk/attack.htm (1999 words)

	Editor Plaintext Embedding
		In the NS 6.0 codebase, the editor is always an html editor, and plaintext editing is a special case of html.
		The plaintext editor is intended to be a lightweight replacement for native text fields and text areas.
		The plaintext editor is explicitly not intended to be a "rich-text editor" which allows changes such as bold, italic, etc. While there is definitely a need for a rich-text editing interface (distinct from more elaborate editing functionality such as table editing), most clients requesting a plaintext editor do not need this functionality.
	www.mozilla.org /editor/plaintext-embedding.html (789 words)

	HTML Reference: PLAINTEXT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The PLAINTEXT element defined a separated multi-line set of text to be rendered as it exists in the source document with the same line breaks.
		Only the PLAINTEXT ending element is recognized as an element inside of PLAINTEXT content, all else is treated as character data.
		Comments in RFC 1866 state that PLAINTEXT has no ending element and all characters after the start element are data.
	info.uibk.ac.at /info/kurs/htmlkurs/htmlref/plaintext.html (203 words)

	Monoalphabetic Substitution
		Keep in mind that the definition of a monoalphabetic substitution allows for the possibility that two distinct plaintext letters are replaced by the same cyphertext letter.
		To this end, we will use the convention that plaintext letters are always in uppercase and cyphertext letters are always in lowercase.
		To break a monoalphabetic substitution using a known plaintext attack, we can take advantage of the fact that any pair of letters in the original plaintext message is replaced by a pair of letters with the same pattern.
	math.ucsd.edu /~crypto/java/EARLYCIPHERS/Monoalphabetic.html (719 words)

	Known-Plaintext and Compression
		But, in practice, it is very difficult to prevent some amount of plaintext from escaping, because the information in that plaintext may not have any worth, and so will not be protected.
		The job of the plaintext is to represent whatever data is being communicated.
		If we communicate in distinct messages, and if the "plaintext" includes a length field, that "length" had better be modulo or block size, or we will be describing in plaintext a size the opponents can see as ciphertext.
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /NEWS6/KNOWNPLN.HTM (16818 words)

	plaintext \| Celsius1414
		And they also want to be able to see the trees for the forest, so to speak, without the GUI getting in the way of their work.
		See our Plaintext category for a list of posts on the topic.
		Over on Unproductivity, I’ve got a new line of GTD system experimentation going that is turning into a larger series:
	www.celsius1414.com /plaintext (623 words)

	Definition of Ciphertext-only attack
		In cryptography, a ciphertext-only attack is a form of cryptanalysis where the attacker is assumed to have access only to a set of ciphertexts.
		The attack is completely successful if the corresponding plaintexts can be deduced, or even better, the key.
		All that is needed is some way to distinguish valid plaintext from random noise, never a problem for natural languages.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Ciphertext-only_attack (548 words)

	UW IMAP software--
		When plaintext passwords are disabled, the IMAP server will advertise the LOGINDISABLED capability and the POP3 server will not advertise the USER capability.
		Plaintext passwords will always be enabled in SSL sessions; the IMAP server will not advertise the LOGINDISABLED capability and the POP3 server will advertise the USER capability.
		If the client does a successful start-TLS in a non-SSL session, plaintext passwords will be enabled, and a new CAPABILITY or CAPA command (which is required after start-TLS) will show the effect as in SSL sessions.
	www.washington.edu /imap/IMAP-FAQs (17044 words)

	How PGP works
		The method of disguising plaintext in such a way as to hide its substance is called encryption.
		PGP uses a cryptographically strong hash function on the plaintext the user is signing.
		PGP can encrypt the plaintext or not; signing plaintext is useful if some of the recipients are not interested in or capable of verifying the signature.
	www.pgpi.org /doc/pgpintro (6772 words)

	: PlainText Crypto, review at WorldSSP.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The encoded text cannot be restored without having a key file that had been used for encoding.
		PlainText CryptoPlainText Crypto 1.1Description : This program lets you encrypt your text files into a sequence of digits.
		PlainText Crypto - Version 1.1Description: This program lets you encrypt your text files into a sequence of digits.
	www.worldssp.net /webinfo.asp?proid=17140 (527 words)

	Crypto-Gram: December 15, 1998
		This number depends both on the characteristics of the plaintext and the key length of the encryption algorithm.
		For other plaintexts it will be more or less, but not that much more or less.) For DES, the unicity distance is 8.2 bytes.
		If the plaintext is a random key, the redundancy is zero and the unicity distance reaches infinity: it is impossible to recognize the correct plaintext from an incorrect plaintext.
	www.schneier.com /crypto-gram-9812.html (3686 words)

	Plaintext
		The original specification for this obsolete element states that it be used to stop the parsing of HTML tags by the browser.
		The PLAINTEXT element specification did not accept a closing tag.
		The text after the opening PLAINTEXT tag is typically rendered as a fixed-width font.
	www.free-scripts.net /html_tutorial/html/tagpages/p/plaintext.htm (198 words)

	Ritter's Crypto Glossary and Dictionary of Technical Cryptography
		Each plaintext letter selects an entry in the substitution table (for that cipher), and the contents of that entry becomes the ciphertext letter.
		We are to attack a cipher which enciphers plaintext into ciphertext or deciphers the opposite way, under control of a key.
		Known Plaintext: We have some, or even an extremely large amount, of plaintext and the associated ciphertext.
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /GLOSSARY.HTM (9227 words)

	Description of the PLAINTEXT tag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This means that every HTML element after the opening element is ignored and everything after the opening PLAINTEXT element is treated as normal text.
		The example is enclosed in a table and the PLAINTEXT causes Navigator to ignore the closing TD, TR and TABLE elements...
		All HTML elements are ignored inside the PLAINTEXT element.
	www.xs4all.nl /~dimaroan/htl/TAG_PLAINTEXT.html (144 words)

	plaintext - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "plaintext" is defined.
		plaintext : Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, 10th Edition [home, info]
		Phrases that include plaintext: chosen plaintext attack, known plaintext attack, chosen plaintext, known plaintext
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=plaintext (125 words)

	ISS X-Force Database: puresecure-plaintext-password(12047): PureSecure stores password and username in plain text
		A local attacker could exploit this vulnerability by recovering the login credentials to gain unauthorized access to the logging server.
		BugTraq Mailing List, Wed May 21 2003 - 14:17:57 CDT, Demarc Puresecure v1.6 - Plaintext password issue - at http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2003-05/0230.html.
		CAN-2003-0340: Demarc Puresecure 1.6 stores authentication information for the logging server in plaintext, which allows attackers to steal login names and passwords to gain privileges.
	xforce.iss.net /xforce/xfdb/12047 (253 words)

	PLAINTEXT
		And when mentioning simple plaintext editors: many people in the Windows environment just have no mental image of what an advanced plaintext editor can be like.
		I sometimes try to "house-train" computing-naive people I know on this, and found explaining what I mean by plaintext an amusing but occasionally exasperating experience.
		Unnecessarily sending a word processor format attachment instead of a clean, universally legible plaintext file is inconsiderate and lazy, a form of neglect of elementary hygiene rules somewhat like neglecting your own personal hygiene.
	users.tkk.fi /~mvermeer/plain.html (1270 words)

	US-CERT: Welcome to the Reading Room
		One solution to this problem is, through the use of cryptography, to prevent intruders from being able to use the information that they capture.
		Encryption is the process of translating information from its original form (called plaintext) into an encoded, incomprehensible form (called ciphertext).
		Decryption refers to the process of taking ciphertext and translating it back into plaintext.
	www.us-cert.gov /reading_room/tocencyc.html (9551 words)

	Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : P
		plain text or plaintext Text which can be represented by ASCII text 1-byte characters or multi-byte basic script characters alone.
		Since the idea of the PUA is a « free-for-all, » any type of character belonging to any script may be included in the PUA.
		2) Since the nature of PUA characters which can be serviced by fonts can vary from font to font, identifying PUA characters on a plaintext level may be moot, a rich text format level being required to identify fonts in text.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/profirst/p.htm (6283 words)

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