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Topic: Plan Colombia

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Coca

	Colombia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most controversial element of the Plan, which also included a smaller number of funds for institutional and alternative development, was considered to be its anti-narcotic strategy, consisting on an increase in aerial fumigations to eradicate coca.
		Colombia has a total area of 1,138,910 square kilometres (439,736 sq. mi) being the fourth biggest country in South America after Brazil, Argentina and Peru and the seventh one in the American Continent.
		Colombia has a diverse population that reflects its colourful history and the peoples that have populated her from ancient, to colonial and modern times.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colombia (2410 words)

	Plan Colombia and its Consequences in Ecuador
		The latest is a proposal drafted by the Pastrana administration in 1999 called Plan Colombia, which is a comprehensive plan for peace, prosperity, and the strengthening of the state.
		Plan Colombia is designed to eradicate drug crops, put a stop to the violence and raise the socio-economic level in Colombia, but the effects of the plan are not limited to within the country's borders.
		The main consequences in Ecuador of the military push south in Colombia are the arrival of hundreds of refugees, the spillover of violence and the possibility of coca cultivation and processing on Ecuadorian soil.
	www.colombiajournal.org /plancolombia_ecuador.htm (3093 words)

	Plan Colombia
		Because Plan Colombia is a social and political strategy to bring government presence to the country’s frontier territories and re-unite them with the rest of the country.
		Of course, Plan Colombia also seeks to fight against the drug trade, because a significant portion of the multi-billion dollar profits from drug-trafficking are funding the activities of guerrillas and paramilitaries, while thousands of innocent civilians are caught in the crossfire.
		Plan Colombia also aims to fund a "social safety net" for the poorest members of Colombian society.
	www.colombiaemb.org /opencms/opencms/plancolombia (1150 words)

	Plan Colombia: A Closer Look
		A closer examination of Plan Colombia reveals its true objective to be the preservation of the political, social and economic status quo through the implementation of a "carrot and stick" strategy.
		It is clear that Plan Colombia's intent is to combat the principal threat to the nation's political and economic elite: the FARC.
		As the Plan's sub-heading states, it is a "Plan for Peace, Prosperity, and the Strengthening of the State." This translates into, peace for the political and economic elite, prosperity for the political and economic elite, and a strengthening of the state, which happens to be controlled by the political and economic elite.
	www.colombiajournal.org /plancolombia.htm (3020 words)

	CIA Intelligence Report 2 scenarios of coca in Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Colombia’s drug-funded insurgent groups could be expected to encourage or try to compel displaced farmers to migrate into areas the guerrillas dominate.
		Colombia’s coca growers would be hard pressed, however, to compensate for their losses within Colombia if Bogota succeeds in eradicating 80 percent of the coca under cultivation in the south over five years.
		A decline of 50 percent of coca cultivation in southern Colombia would represent a significant loss of revenue for FARC guerrillas operating there, and signal to growers elsewhere in Colombia that the insurgents are not able to protect their fields.
	jeremybigwood.net /FOIAs/2Scenarios-Colombia/CIA-2scenarios-Colombian_coca-2000.htm (3803 words)

	"Plan Colombia... Plan of Death" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The fumigations are part of the "anti-drug" campaign called "Plan Colombia," which is a multibillion dollar program purportedly developed by the government of Colombia to deal with the many conflicts of its country.
		Colombia is a country riddled with violence, human rights abuses, and drug trafficking, yet it has sent twice as many soldiers to be trained at the SOA than any other Latin American country.
		Not surprisingly, the focal point of Plan Colombia and the fumigations are not areas were the paramilitary have a stronghold; rather, they are regions where the guerillas occupy and maintain control.
	www.soawne.org /Pccrops.html (3494 words)

	Equipo Nizkor - PLAN COLOMBIA OIDHACO
		As an important element in the peace negotiation, Plan Colombia was part of the pre-agreements between the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) and the government prior to the official installation of the talks on 7th January 1999.
		The Plan is directed at certain zones in the country with the objective of improving the economic, social and environmental situation through 'directed investment.' The zones would be: those critically conflictive zones, zones with illegal crops, zones suffering environmental conflict.
		The Plan seeks to improve the income levels of the population through alternative economic policies generated by a process of agreement with private enterprise, the commercial sector, the government and the active participation of the community: strategic alliances.
	www.derechos.org /nizkor/colombia/doc/oidhaco2e.html (6505 words)

	Fumigation-An Attack on the Ecology and People of Colombia
		A fundamental part of Plan Colombia is to create the image of ‘narco-guerrillas’ being deeply involved in drug trafficking and then use this as the justification to heavily militarise the region and subsequently blur the lines between counter-insurgency and counter-narcotics operations.
		Plan Colombia and the ‘war on drugs’ is obviously an attempt by the US to ‘pacify’ the region and regain control – a strategy which closely resembles US operations in Central America in the 1980s when the alleged Soviet threat was the covering pretext.
		In short Plan Colombia, as well as the recently announced Andean Regional Initiative aid package, is an effort to reassert US control in the Andean region and the first step towards this objective is the annihilation of all forms of resistance – the most potent of which is surely the FARC guerrilla movement.
	www.spectrezine.org /environment/Colombia.htm (5440 words)

	Encyclopedia :: Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Colombia's bicameral parliament is the Congress or Congreso, which consists of the 102-seat Senate and the 166-seat Chamber of Representatives.
		Colombia has a total area of 1,138,910 km² being the fourth biggest country in South America after Brazil, Argentina and Peru and the seventh one in the American Continent.
		Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela).
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Colombia (3522 words)

	AxisofLogic/ Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Plan Colombia is a life raft for the rotten Colombian institutions.
		Plan Colombia’s strategy is designed to weaken the organizational capacity and mobilization of the trade unionists and workers, and particularly the peasant movement.
		The international rejection of the Plan against Colombia should in itself become a unifying component in the political struggle which the oppressed and exploited are waging against the hegemonic, military globalization of transnational capital, both from the US and Europe.
	www.axisoflogic.com /artman/publish/article_15280.shtml (4191 words)

	COLOMBIA Colombia: Amnesty International's position on Plan Colombia
		Plan Colombia is based on a drug-focussed analysis of the roots of the conflict and the human rights crisis which completely ignores the Colombian state=s own historical and current responsibility.
		Furthermore, it is apparent that Plan Colombia is not the result of a genuine process of consultation either with the national and international non-governmental organizations which are expected to implement the projects nor with the beneficiaries of the humanitarian, human rights or social development projects.
		Although a formal role is not acknowledged in Plan Colombia, their recently established presence in key areas targeted for military operations (Putumayo department and the Catatumbo region of North Santander) would appear to be more than coincidental.
	web.amnesty.org /802568F7005C4453/0/176E15103DA508248025691200558394?Open (988 words)

	Worldandnation: Plan Colombia gets off to rocky start
		The architects of Plan Colombia had intended for the military operation to go hand in hand with economic support for alternative development.
		In September, guerrillas of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC as they are known by their Spanish letters, mounted an "armed strike" virtually cutting Putumayo off from the rest of the country.
		Of its $1.3-billion support for Plan Colombia, the United States is dedicating $260-million to social and economic projects.
	www.sptimes.com /News/021101/Worldandnation/Plan_Colombia_gets_of.shtml (1934 words)

	Plan Colombia
		Plan Colombia sharply increased US support to the Colombian military and the National Police, bringing with it a wide variety of military and intelligence related hardware and training, all with the goal of assisting the Government of Colombia in their efforts to resist the depredations of narcotics terrorists.
		Plan Colombia aid took many forms, provision of helicopters, transfer of C-26 and AC-47 aircraft, extensive training of ground forces who were to operate in the some of the most dangerous areas of the countryside and help in establishing a significant unified command type base at Tres Esquinas in the southern part of the country.
		Plan Colombia also included provision of a U.S. derived intelligence and training of Colombian elements to improve collection and production of their own tactical and strategic intelligence.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/colombia.htm (1972 words)

	BBC News \| AMERICAS \| Colombia drugs plan wins House approval
		The plan, backed by President Bill Clinton, is intended to help train and equip Colombia's military and police in their fight against drug traffickers who provide 80% of the heroin and cocaine sold in the US.
		To ease concerns that the plan could lead to a Vietnam-like involvement in Colombia's civil unrest, House members passed an amendment to limit US military personnel deployed in Colombia at any one time to 300, unless more are needed for a rescue mission.
		Before the plan is put into effect, it must win approval from the Senate - where criticisms are the same and the vote may be closer.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/696612.stm (455 words)

	Colombia
		Colombia is bordered on the northwest by Panama, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, and on the southwest by Peru and Ecuador.
		In the 1970s and 1980s, Colombia became one of the international centers for illegal drug production and trafficking, and at times the drug cartels (the Medillin and Cali cartels were the most notorious) virtually controlled the country.
		Colombia - Colombia, officially Republic of Colombia, republic (2005 est.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107419.html (1422 words)

	June00
		The Colombia Plan is officially justified in terms of the drug war,”; a claim taken seriously by few competent analysts.
		The current Clinton plan for Colombia includes only token funding for alternative crops, and none at all for areas under guerrilla control, though FARC leaders have repeatedly expressed their hope that alternatives will be provided so that peasants will not be compelled to grow coca.
		While Clinton’s Colombia Plan was being formulated, senior administration officials discussed a proposal by the Office of Budget and Management to take $100 million from the $1.3 billion then planned for Colombia, to be used for treatment of U.S. addicts.
	www.zmag.org /ZMag/articles/chomskyjune2000.htm (3550 words)

	Plan Colombia
		The Government of Colombia developed "Plan Colombia" as an integrated strategy to meet the most pressing challenges confronting Colombia today -- promoting the peace process, combating the narcotics industry, reviving the Colombian economy, and strengthening the democratic pillars of Colombian society.
		In response to Plan Colombia, and in consultation with the Colombian Government, the United States is providing a $1.3 billion total U.S. interagency assistance package to Colombia.
		U.S. assistance in support of Plan Colombia is intended to counter the illicit trade in narcotics.
	www.state.gov /p/wha/rls/fs/2001/1042.htm (947 words)

	Plan Colombia and Beyond
		While data for Colombia are still forthcoming, the report shows a sharp increase in the production of coca, the plant used to make cocaine, elsewhere in the Andes last year.
		It could mean that Colombia’s political mood is becoming less warlike and more open to addressing the conflict’s underlying causes: poverty, rural underdevelopment, impunity, state weakness and the absence of the rule of law.
		The Kent memo and oversight of the DEA
	ciponline.org /colombia/blog (1914 words)

	Failed 'Plan' in Colombia
		Colombia is home to three groups classified as terrorists: the left-wing FARC and ELN guerrillas and the pro-government AUC paramilitaries.
		These and other concerns have made Colombia policy one of the most controversial aspects of the foreign aid bill in the House, where most of the Democrats, led by Congressman Jim McGovern, voted against military aid twice this year.
		Only by steering this runaway policy toward greater support for Colombia's judicial system and other civilian institutions, the rule of law, and social and economic development--along with expanded drug treatment programs at home--can US policy-makers begin to create the conditions for security and democracy in Colombia.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20030818/clark (977 words)

	Alternative Press Review 14 - The Other Side of This Life - Patrick Marley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In theory, “Plan Colombia” is a two-year Colombian government program of $7.5 billion, with the US providing the military muscle and token funds for other purposes, and some $6 billion from the Colombian government, Europe, the IMF, and the World Bank for social and economic programs that Colombia is to prepare.
		Quite predictably, the announcement of the Colombia Plan led to countermeasures by the guerrillas, in particular, a demand that everyone with assets of more than $1 million pay a “revolutionary tax” or face the threat of kidnapping (as the FARC puts it, the threat of jailing for non-payment of taxes).
		The current Clinton plan for Colombia includes only token funding for alternative crops, and none at all for areas under guerrilla control, though FARC leaders have repeatedly expressed their hope that alternatives will be provided so that peasants will not be compelled to grow coca to survive.
	www.altpr.org /apr14/plan_colombia.html (6454 words)

	Plan Colombia
		Sensitive to charges that Plan Colombia will only stoke the fires of this internal conflict, the Colombian government's point man on the issue, National Security Adviser Gonzalo de Francisco, strains to emphasize the least bellicose aspects of the operation.
		A few weeks after the push began, six regional governors protested the forced eradication and military approach of Plan Colombia, doubtlessly contributing to the otherwise unexplained decision to halt the spraying temporarily.
		Plan Colombia, at best, will only disperse drug production from Colombia to some neighboring location, and it will do nothing to reduce drug use in the United States--except perhaps to spike the price of cocaine and make the trade that much more profitable.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20010319/cooper/4 (1571 words)

	Colombia: Amnesty International's Human Rights Concerns
		She will speak about political violence in Colombia, violence against women in armed conflict, and provide personal testimony about her own story.
		According to recent reports, army-backed paramilitaries are planning an imminent attack against the inhabitants of the Cacarica River Basin in Colombia.
		Colombia: Electoral campaign must not be a campaign of intimidation
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/colombia/index.do (378 words)

	Support for Plan Colombia
		In response to Plan Colombia, and in consultation with the Colombian Government, the United States is providing a $1.3 billion package of assistance to Colombia.
		Adding to previously approved U.S. assistance to Colombia of over $330 million, the legislation provides $818 million as an emergency supplemental for Fiscal Year 2000 and $256 million in additional funding for Fiscal Year 2001.
		The U.S. assistance package will help Colombia address the breadth of the challenges it faces -- its efforts to fight the illicit drug trade, to increase the rule of law, to protect human rights, to expand economic development, to institute judicial reform, and to foster peace.
	www.state.gov /p/wha/rt/plncol (396 words)

	Radical Philosophy Association
		The RPA's Anti-Racist Classroom Project plans anti-racist activities, courses and curricula.
		For planning anti-racist activities, courses and curricula, contact the co-chairs:
		Plan Colombia: Plan for Peace or for War?
	home.grandecom.net /~jackgm/RPA.html (1863 words)

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