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Topic: Planck (satellite)

	ESA - Space Science - Planck overview
		The Planck satellite is ESA's 'time machine', using it astronomers will be able to travel back in time, towards the beginning of space and time as we know it now.
		Planck is designed to 'see' the microwaves and, in practice, it will detect them by measuring temperature.
		As a consequence, the Planck detectors will have to be highly sensitive and will have to work at temperatures very close to the absolute zero, otherwise their own emission of heat will spoil the measurements.
	www.esa.int /science/planck (1022 words)

	[No title]
		Planck is a science satellite that is being built by the European Space Agency (ESA).
		Planck will be launched in 2007, and during the planned operation of a year and a half it will make a detailed map of the whole sky using several radio frequencies between 30 and 860 GHz.
		Planck will, however, cover a wide frequency range, and the sensitive observations can be used for studies of various other astronomical objects ranging from solar system objects to distant galaxies.
	www.astro.helsinki.fi /~mjuvela/tmp/www/antares03.html (1600 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: ESA's Planck satellite shapes up
		Planck's conceptual design shows the best way to integrate the scientific instruments (the payload) and the other components in the spacecraft, taking into account the scientific, technological and budgetary requirements.
		Planck's goal is to analyse a radiation emitted shortly after the Big Bang that is still filling the Universe, known as the 'cosmic microwave background radiation'.
		Planck has to measure the temperature of this radiation all over the sky, with enough sensitivity to detect variations a million times smaller than a degree.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=13241 (952 words)

	Science@Berkeley Lab: Simulating a Map of the Cosmic Microwave Background: What the Planck Satellite Will See
		Planck's mission is to map temperature and polarization fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity.
		Planck is designed to map CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity, but the enormous volume of data this will generate poses a major computational challenge.
		The Planck satellite, named for Max Planck, the father of quantum theory, is designed to provide enough data to yield full-sky maps in eight frequency bands in the microwave regime between 30 and 857 gigahertz (billions of cycles per second).
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/sabl/2005/February/planck-satellite-map.html (1045 words)

	Planck - Home Page
		Planck was selected as the third Medium-Sized Mission (M3) of ESA's Horizon 2000 Scientific Programme, and is today part of its Cosmic Vision Programme.
		Planck will provide a major source of information relevant to several cosmological and astrophysical issues, such as testing theories of the early universe and the origin of cosmic structure.
		It is planned to launch Planck in the first quarter of 2007 together with the Herschel satellite.
	www.rssd.esa.int /index.php?project=PLANCK&page=pubdocs_top (339 words)

	planck
		Planck will be sensitive enough to detect all of the clusters in the Universe which are hot enough to produce detectable X-ray flux.
		Planck will also provide an incredible bank of data for investigating "foreground" material in our own galaxy, through the production of all-sky images of unparalleled accuracy and sensitivity at nine frequencies from 30 to 875 GHz.
		Planck consists of a passively cooled 1.5m gregorian telescope with exceptional rejection of stray light and diffracted contributions, coupled to actively cooled HEMT and bolometer based radiometers.
	www.astro.ubc.ca /E-Cass/1999-ME/PLANCK.html (1262 words)

	CMB Planck Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The objective of the ESA Planck Spacecraft is to map the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies as fully and accurately as possible.
		Planck will make very sensitive measurements of the temperature over the whole sky, at nine different frequencies between 30 and 900 GHz covered by two main instruments, the High and Low Frequency Instruments (HFI and LFI).
		Planck Surveyor will observe the whole sky at least twice at all nine frequencies over two separate six month periods, and after about 18 months in orbit the data will be combined into maps of the microwave sky at the various data processing centres situated around Europe.
	www.jb.man.ac.uk /research/cmb/planck.html (469 words)

	Satellite
		Satellite composed of a telescope and 3 scientific instruments (PACS, SPIRE et HIFI).
		The HERSCHEL satellite is about 7 metres hight and 4,3 metres width, for a launch mass of about 3,25 tonnes.
		The HERSCHEL satellite is manufactered in parallel with PLANCK satellite by a common project team.
	smsc.cnes.fr /HERSCHEL/GP_satellite.htm (301 words)

	ESA's Planck satellite builds on Nobel Prize-winning science
		In 2008, ESA's Planck satellite will be launched and will build on this award-winning legacy by showing cosmologists new details of the Universe's origins.
		Planck will do so with the most sensitive instruments ever brought to bear on this ancient radiation from space, the best place from which to make such observations.
		Whereas COBE convincingly confirmed that the Universe was born out of superheated primordial gas, Planck will look to understand the fundamental structure and components of the infant Universe, and for the details of how giant clusters of galaxies, and even individual galaxies, formed out of the initial fireball.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-10/esa-eps100406.php (377 words)

	Groundbreaking Satellite Will Reveal Photos of a Young Universe
		The Planck satellite, scheduled to be launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2007 or 2008, will study the structure of the universe, measuring its most ancient radiation, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), with an unprecedented accuracy.
		Called the ESA’s “Time Machine,” Planck will look back to the dawn of time to analyze the CMB and determine how clusters of galaxies and individual galaxies were formed, helping astronomers decide which theories on the birth and evolution of the universe are correct.
		Planck will be injected into a transfer trajectory and, after four months, will reach its final orbit at a point called “L2,” 1.5 million kilometers away from the Earth.
	www.collegenews.org /x5347.xml (868 words)

	Planck
		COBE satellite was the first to measure the cosmic microwave background radiation in a proper way in 1992.
		Planck satellite, developed by the European Space Agency ESA and scheduled for launch in February 2008, will study these tiny temperature differences more accurately than any other instrument before.
		The Planck project is not only giving a copious number of cosmologists and astronomers a lot of work to do, but its success also requires thorough cooperation between scientists.
	kurp-www.hut.fi /quasar/planck/one.htm (721 words)

	Planck instruments ready for integration - European Space Agency engineers say they are ready to begin ...
		Planck instruments ready for integration - European Space Agency engineers say they are ready to begin...
		The instruments are designed to allow the spacecraft to create the most precise map yet of the radiation left behind by the formation of the universe.
		The ESA says there's even a possibility Planck will detect a slight distortion of the microwave background caused by a hypothesized period in cosmic history known as the inflationary epoch.
	www.politicalgateway.com /news/read/48091 (203 words)

	Juvela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Planck satellite will be launched in 2007.
		Planck will tell in what kind of a universe we are living.
		In our own galaxy the Planck will be an excellent tool for the study of dust distribution and properties in both diffuse clouds (galactic cirrus) and in denser star-forming clouds.
	www.astro.helsinki.fi /~mjuvela/index.php?page=planck (304 words)

	/pages/products/services/planck/index.jsp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Planck's objective is to analyse, with the highest accuracy ever achieved, the remnants of the radiation that filled the Universe immediately after the Big Bang, which we observe today as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).
		The MPA Planck Analysis Centre (MPAC), as part of its responsibilities to the Planck project, has produced a detailed end-to-end simulation package by integrating various software modules provided by the Planck scientific community.
		By the time that Planck data is delivered to the astronomical community, the need to provide access to both data and useful analysis services with community-wide standards and access protocols will be mandatory.
	www.g-vo.org /portal/tile/products/services/planck/index.jsp (449 words)

	AAS2006PlanckPoster.html
		Next is a strip in which WMAP data from all bands are combined and smoothed, controlling foreground emission and noise at the expense of angular resolution.
		Finally, simulated Planck polarization data, smoothed to 15 arcm, are shown superimposed on the temperature anisotropies using a vector field visualization technique described below.
		Planck’s sensitivity, angular resolution, and frequency coverage will allow it to extract essentially all available information on primary CMB temperature anisotropies, and make a dramatic advance in measurements of CMB polarization.
	crd.lbl.gov /~borrill/cmb/planck/AAS2006PlanckPoster.html (387 words)

	Planck Science
		The Planck satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) [2] is the successor to WMAP.
		Finnish scientists are participating in Planck both in foreground studies (Metsahovi and Tuorla Observatories, and the Observatory of the University of Helsinki) and in cosmology (Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki Institute of Physics).
		Planck data will also be used to constrain models of dark energy [23], although here the role of other cosmological data [24,25] becomes relatively more important.
	www.physics.helsinki.fi /~tfo_cosm/science_case.html (1925 words)

	Planck Surveyor - Summary
		The Planck Surveyor is scheduled to launch with the Herschel Space Observatory on February 15, 2007 by an Ariane 5ESV.
		Planck will carry a telescope with a primary mirror of 1.5 meter in size.
		Planck Surveyor is named after the German scientist Max Planck who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/logs/2007/planck_sum.shtml (269 words)

	Ariane 5 to launch Herschel and Planck - collectSPACE: Messages
		The satellite will be built by Alcatel Alenia Space as prime contractor, and will weigh about 3,300 kg at launch.
		The Planck satellite is designed to analyze the anisotropic characteristics of the cosmic background radiation left from the original formation of the Universe, to an unprecedented degree of sensitivity and resolution.
		Planck will provide vital information concerning the origins of the Universe and its cosmic structure.
	collectspace.com /ubb/Forum33/HTML/000318.html (317 words)

	The Microwave Background and the Planck Mission
		Planck satellite (the figure to the left shows a model) is the third Medium-Sized Mission in the Horizon 2000 Scientific Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA).
		The primary goal of the Planck Mission is to map the CMB with an angular resolution of 5-10 arc minutes and a sensitivity of a millionth of a degree, so that all relevant cosmological parameters can accurately be determined from its structures.
		Under the direction of ESA, Planck is being planned, developed and built by a consortium of European and North-American institutes.
	www.mpa-garching.mpg.de /HIGHLIGHT/2000/highlight0008_e.html (575 words)

	Planck at the Physics Department
		Planck is a European Space Agency (ESA) satellite, to be launched in 2007 or 2008.
		Planck will measure the CMB at 9 different frequency ranges, centered at 30, 44, 70, 100, 143, 217, 353, 545, and 857 GHz.
		In the Planck project we are part of the LFI Consortium and Working Group 3, also known as the CTP Working Group (C(l),Temperature and Polarisation).
	www.physics.helsinki.fi /~tfo_cosm/tfo_planck.html (530 words)

	Saab Ericsson Space Wins Major Contract to a Value of 16 Million Euros : ArriveNet Press Releases : Autos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Herschel satellite is approximately 7 metres high and 4.3 metres wide, with a launch mass of around 3 tonnes.
		The Planck mission will try to answer questions related to how the universe was formed and what size it may have and how old it is. These facts will be derived from observing radiation that emanated from the "Big Bang" 15 000 million years ago.
		The Planck satellite is 4 metres high and 4.2 metres wide with a launch mass of around 1.5 tonnes.
	press.arrivenet.com /autos/article.php/321885.html (869 words)

	Cnes - Planck to look back to the dawn of the Universe
		The European Planck satellite to be launched in 2008 aims to map the geometry and composition of the “1
		After integration in Cannes, France, Planck was transported to the Liège space centre (CSL) in Belgium for cryogenic tests in flight conditions without its telescope and instruments.
		Planck will be launched early in 2008 by an Ariane 5 with the Herschel infrared space observatory.
	www.cnes.fr /html/_455_463_1545_5138_.php (417 words)

	Back To The Big Bang
		Planck will be looking back to a time shortly after the Big Bang created the universe.
		Planck's design gives it the capability of measuring many of the characteristics of the universe -- its geometry, its contents and its ultimate fate -- to a high degree of accuracy for the first time.
		By using Planck to look at the fine detail in the temperature pattern of the sky, cosmologists should be able to test models for the origin and structure of the universe.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/planck.html (653 words)

	Planck
		European scientific institutes has been given the go-ahead for the development of instruments for two major ESA missions for the new millennium: Planck, a satellite to study the radiation considered to be the "echo" of the Big Bang and FIRST, an infrared space telescope.
		Planck is a cosmology mission, designed to test the models describing the origin and evolution of the early Universe.
		Planck's design gives it the capability of measuring many of the characteristics of the Universe - its geometry, its contents and its ultimate fate - to a high degree of accuracy for the first time.
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/rasbang.html (1470 words)

	ESA - Space Science - Planck instruments ready for integration
		The integration of Planck's two instruments marks a major milestone for the mission.
		So using Planck's maps, astronomers will be able to place the most stringent limits yet on the quantities of these three universal components.
		There is even a possibility that Planck will detect a slight distortion of the microwave background caused by a suspected period in cosmic history, known as the inflationary epoch.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/SEMF10TJJUE_index_0.html (635 words)

	Planck Surveyor - CBR Anisotropy Satellite
		Planck (formerly COBRAS/SAMBA) is an ESA (European Space Agency) mission.
		The primary goal of Planck mission is the production of high-sensitivity (one part per million), high-angular resolution (10 arcminutes) maps of the microwave sky and thus of the cosmic microwave background.
		The Planck mission is designed to map the sky at multiple frequencies to both measure the CMB anisotropies and the various Galactic and extragalactic foreground emissions.
	aether.lbl.gov /www/projects/cosa (1040 words)

	Imperial College Astrophysics: London Planck Analysis Centre
		The Planck Surveyor satellite is being developed under the direction of the European Space Agency (ESA) to produce high-resolution maps of the CMB.
		Planck Surveyor will carry two instruments in addition to the telescope assembly: the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) and the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI).
		More detailed information on the Planck satellite can be found on our page of useful links.
	astro.ic.ac.uk /Planck/outline.shtml (590 words)

	ESA Awards Two Science Satellites to Alcatel Space
		Planck’s mission is to study cosmic background radiation for clues to the origin of the universe.
		Herschel and Planck will operate from an orbit 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, in the opposite direction of the sun, an area known as L2, the second Lagrangian point.
		Planck will measure 3.8 meters high (12.5 ft) and 4.5 meters (14.8 ft) wide with a design life of 18 months.
	www.spaceandtech.com /digest/sd2001-19/sd2001-19-007.shtml (420 words)

	Planck Surveyor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Planck Surveyor is the third Medium-Sized Mission (M3) of ESA's Horizon 2000 Scientific Programme.
		After the mission was selected and approved, it was renamed in honor of the German scientist Max Planck (1858-1947), Nobel Prize for Physics in 1918.
		Planck is to be launched in 2008 aboard an Ariane 5 rocket together with the Herschel Space Observatory satellite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Planck_(satellite) (182 words)

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