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Topic: Planck angular frequency

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	Bambooweb: Planck units
		This is analogous to normalizing Gravitational constant in Newton's law as is the original purpose of Planck in defining Planck Units.
		The Planck units are often semi-humorously referred to by physicists as "God's units".
		The Planck mass is credible, indeed many living things (such as some fleas) are smaller than it; the issue is that general relativity predicts that smaller fl holes can exist within an event horizon of radius less than the Planck length, while quantum mechanics predicts that the mass would probably be outside the event horizon.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/p/l/Planck_units.html (644 words)

	Encyclopedia: Planck constant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Planck's constant, denoted h, is a physical constant that is used to describe the sizes of quanta.
		Planck's constant has units of energy multiplied by time, which are the units of action.
		Planck's constant is used to describe quantization, a phenomenon occurring in microscopic particles such as electrons and photons in which certain physical properties occur in fixed amounts rather than assuming a continuous range of possible values.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Planck-constant (391 words)

	Max Planck
		Planck's constant, denoted h, is a physical constant that is used to describe the sizes of quanta.
		Planck's constant has units of energy multiplied by time, which are the units of action.
		Planck's constant is used to describe quantization, a phenomenon occurring in microscopic particles such as electrons and photons in which certain physical properties occur in fixed amounts rather than assuming a continuous range of possible values.
	great-max.com.ru /constant.html (314 words)

	Planck units -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Planck units are often semi-humorously referred to by physicists as " (The supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions) God's units".
		The Planck impedance comes out to be the (Click link for more info and facts about characteristic impedance of free space) characteristic impedance of free space scaled down by meaning that, in terms of Planck units,.
		The relevant parts of Planck's 1899 paper leave some confusion as to how he managed to come up with the units of time, length, mass, temperature etc. which today we define using Dirac's Constant and motivate by references to quantum physics before things like and quantum physics were known.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Pl/Planck_units.htm (2142 words)

	Planck Units Message Board
		Planck units are based on hbar which incorporates the ANGULAR format of frequency----radians of rotation or of phase gone thru per unit time.
		Planck frequency is very high---the first light in the universe, big bang light, being very energetic, had that rough amount of frequency.
		Angular format frequencies tend to be used in quantum mechanics and to be written omega (or w) and the equation
	www.network54.com /Forum/thread?forumid=245789&messageid=1052933954&lp=1052937979 (446 words)

	Patent 4109218: Method for the generation of frequency-transferred electromagnetic waves
		The frequency band width and spatial localizibility of the waves produced by this method are dictated largely by the degree of monochromaticy of the incident electromagnetic waves, the velocity spread of the charged particles in the incident beam, and the dispersive properties of the medium.
		The frequency dependence of the complex electrical susceptibility of a medium in a state of thermal equilibrium is specifically different from that of a state in nonequilibrium.
		In addition, the frequency component.nu..sub.S still produces the transition from E to C. The pumping efficiency of the radiation is thereby enhanced substantially by the resulting resonance effect as.nu..sub.R becomes approximately equal to.nu..sub.2, and by the simultaneous decrease in medium absorption as the populations of the two levels C and E tend to equalize.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4109218.html (4822 words)

	Larmor Frequency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In each case the magnetic moment is associated with the angular momentum, and a torque can be identified which tends to align the magnetic moment with the magnetic field.
		In the nuclear case, the angular momentum involved is the intrinsic angular momentum I associated with the nuclear spin.
		The angular frequency associated with a "spin flip", a resonant absorption or emission involving the spin quantum states is often written in the general form
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/nuclear/larmor.html (328 words)

	Planck, Einstein, and de Broglie
		Max Planck was the first to make a connection between the energy of a particle and the frequency of the associated wave.
		Planck developed his formula in his successful attempt to explain the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation from warm material surfaces.
		Planck, Einstein, and de Broglie had extensive backgrounds in classical mechanics, in which the concepts of energy, momentum, and mass have precise meaning.
	kestrel.nmt.edu /~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node73.html (503 words)

	FUNDAMENTAL PLANCK UNITS
		In [Planck 1899] fundamental units of mass, length and time, and therefore all mechanical quantities, are expressed in terms of the physical constants
		This essential Planck level quantization is a fundamental idea in Loop Quantum Gravity as pursued by Lee Smolin, which owes its genesis to a formulation of QCD due to Kenneth Wilson, in terms of loops.
		The Schwarzschild diameter for the Planck mass is the Planck length.
	graham.main.nc.us /~bhammel/PHYS/planckunits.html (2410 words)

	Imagine the Universe! Dictionary
		Frequency is often measured in Hertz (Hz), where a wave with a frequency of 1 Hz will pass by at 1 cycle per second.
		The supplementary SI unit of angular measure, defined as the central angle of a circle whose subtended arc is equal to the radius of the circle.
		Similar to spatial resolution except that it applies to frequency, spectral resolution is the ability of the telescope to differentiate two light signals which differ in frequency by a small amount.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/dictionary.html (10553 words)

	Practical Planck units
		The Planck units are a natural system of units implicit in light and gravity, indeed in all of nature.
		Specifying these values for the fundamental physical constants essentially determines the sizes of the practical Planck units: the unit of length must be roughly a fingerwidth is size, that of force must be some 0.121 metric newtons, that of mass must be about 22 grams, and the charge unit one sixththousandth of a metric coulomb.
		Technically, the construction of practical Planck units imitates the 1990 metric electrical standards established by the CIPM (International Committee on Weights and Measures.) It proceeds by adopting exact values for the speed of light, the Josephson and von Klitzing constants, and the Boltzmann temperature coefficient.
	www.planck.com /practicalplanck/practindex.htm (2157 words)

	The conservation of angular momentum of the range of protons and the derivation of Planck's law
		Although it has been long = known that photons posses angular momentum and that this is conserved = in collisions with matter, no one has ever applied the conservation of = angular momentum over the range of protons.
		Back in 1987, I formulated that a helical spiral model of light could be used to derive Planck's law at the unitary quantum state, i.e., E = hf, where h is Planck's constant and f is the frequency associated with a photon of light.
		Although it has been long known that photons posses angular momentum and that this is conserved in collisions with matter, no one has ever applied the conservation of angular momentum over the range of protons.
	www.pych-one.com /new-5534275-4394.html (2162 words)

	Quantum AetherDynamics Institute - Quantum Leap
		The Aether is both a container (quantified as rotating magnetic field) for subatomic particles (quantified as angular momentum) and imparts charge to particles.
		Primary angular momentum (Planck's quantum of action) is a circle of mass moving a velocity, thus scanning an area.
		As primary angular momentum spins through the Aether unit, it interacts with the conductance of the Aether and produces strong charge.
	www.quantumaetherdynamics.com /quantumleap.html (853 words)

	C.N.R. - TE.S.R.E. - PLANCK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Planck is the third Medium-Sized Mission (M3) of ESA's Horizon 2000 Scientific Programme.
		Planck will provide a major source of information relevant to several cosmological and astrophysical issues, such as testing theories of the early universe and the origin of cosmic structure.
		Low Frequency Instrument (LFI), an array of 56 tuned radio receivers that will be operated at -253 °C and will take measurements in four wavelength channels, between about three mm and one cm.
	www.tesre.bo.cnr.it /Research/planck.php (188 words)

	Bohr model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If it could be at any distance, it would lose energy (by synchrotron radiation) and eventually spiral into the proton - destroying the atom in the process.
		Support for this model came from atomic spectra, which showed that orbiting electrons could only emit light at certain frequencies and energies.
		Where n = 1,2,3,… and is called the angular momentum quantum number.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bohr_model (895 words)

	Patent 5620571: Multiple single frequency laser system and method of optical manipulaton of molecules
		The multiple single frequency laser comprises generally a multiline laser source which utilizes one sample of molecular species as a source for the generation of optical radiation for manipulating (e.g., cooling) a second, separate sample of the same species of molecules.
		In accordance with the present invention, the multiple single frequency laser comprises generally a multiline laser source which utilizes one sample of molecular species as a source for the generation of optical radiation for manipulating (e.g., cooling) a second, separate sample of the same species of molecules.
		Where.delta..sub.p and.delta..sub.d are the pump and molecule cooling laser detunings from the respective central molecular resonance frequency, k.sub.p and k.sub.d are the respective wave vectors, and V is the molecule velocity.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5620571.html (9453 words)

	Quanta and Quantum Mechanics: Wave or Particle?
		Investigations had already led to the conclusion that matter is made of atoms, and that these atoms in turn include small negatively-charged particles called electrons, which circulate around a heavier positively-charged nucleus in much the same way as planets orbit the sun.
		He was guided by the appearance of sets of discrete frequencies in many kinds of classical waves, for example, a fixed string must vibrate in integral multiples or harmonics of a fundamental frequency.
		This is analogous to the vibration of a string at certain frequencies, and implies resonance within the atom.
	www.heretical.com /science/quantum1.html (1083 words)

	Chapter 10 - Part 3
		This is because the energy of a photon is measured as the frequency of the rings that it is made from.
		It may be the other way round, in that the neutrino frequencies were set first, and the electron and muon are the resulting two sizes of observable mass that result from having such frequencies, but there is as yet no specific reason for why those frequencies are as they are.
		It is also likely that the physical sizes of the rings, or their angular frequencies, explains such features as the 720o degrees of phase of the electron and twice the classically expected gravitational action on a photon despite the total energy of the photon actually being zero.
	www.mlawrence.co.uk /a20ch103.htm (4336 words)

	Theoretical Principles of Plasma Physics and Atomic Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Collision Frequency: The concept of a collision frequency is probably the most important one in plasma physics (and the physics of gases in general) when it comes to assessing the significance of the individual physical processes.
		Larmor Frequency: The period of revolution of a charge q with mass m on its Larmor circle in the magnetic field B is characterized by the Larmor frequency
		Planck Radiation Formula: In Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) the energy and velocity of particles can be macroscopically described by the Boltzmann- and Maxwell- distributions, whereas the associated radiation is assumed to be given by the Planck Radiation Formula.
	www.plasmaphysics.org.uk (7930 words)

	Imagine the Universe! Dictionary A-D
		According to the conservation laws of physics, the angular momentum of any orbiting body must remain constant at all points in the orbit, i.e., it cannot be created or destroyed.
		In quantum mechanics, all particles also have wave characteristics, where the wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to its momentum and the constant of proportionality is the Planck constant.
		How much the frequency changes depends on how fast the object is moving toward or away from the receiver.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/dict_ad.html (2544 words)

	Planck Units
		In its turn a natural unit of power implies one of frequency: power is related to (the square of) frequency by a universal ratio, Planck's constant.
		The natural unit or Planck mass is simply the one corresponding to the natural unit of energy×length.
		From a practical standpoint, much of the convenience of using Planck units comes from the fact that the values of the main natural constants, G, h-bar, c, are one when expressed in terms of natural units.
	www.planck.com /planckunits.htm (675 words)

	5.3 Fluctuations in Radiation Pressure
		A phenomenon which becomes increasingly important as the effective laser power in the arms is increased is the effect on the test masses of fluctuations in the radiation pressure of the light in the arms.
		In the case of systems with cavities in the arms where the number of effective reflections is approximately 50, fluctuations in the amplitude of the light arise immediately after the beamsplitter where vacuum fluctuations enter into the system.
		It should be noted that as discussed in [33, 22, 23] and [64] for a simple Michelson system, the optimisation of laser power to minimise the combined effect photon shot noise and radiation pressure fluctuations allows one to reach exactly the sensitivity limit predicted by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, in its position and momentum formulation.
	www.emis.de /journals/LRG/Articles/lrr-2000-3/node13.html (342 words)

	Angular-Frequency Dependence of the Fluctuations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		An extensive series of angular power spectra at many frequencies (such as those in Figure 2.5), or of amplitudes of fluctuations at different angular scales as a function of frequency (e.g.
		Contour levels of the different components in the angular scale-frequency plane.
		Inner contours show where a component accounts for 90% of the signal - for the CMB only, the 99% contour is also shown.
	tonno.tesre.bo.cnr.it /Report/233.htm (391 words)

	ESA - Space Science - Hipparcos overview
		As the telescope scanned the sky, the starlight was modulated by the slit system, and the modulated light was sampled by an image-dissector-tube detector, at a frequency of 1200 Hz.
		In this way, a dense net of measurements of the relative angular separations of the stars was progressively built up.
		In addition to the main instrument (designed to measure about one hundred thousand stars down to about 12 mag), the payload included star mappers whose function was to provide data allowing precise real-time satellite attitude determination (a task performed on board the satellite).
	www.esa.int /esaSC/120366_index_0_m.html (1666 words)

	Bohr model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		where f is the frequency of the photon, E the energy difference, and h is a constant of proportionality known as Planck's constant.
		where ω is the angular frequency of the photon.
		In order to fully describe an atom we need to use the full theory of quantum mechanics, which was worked out by a number of people in the years following the Bohr model.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/bohr_model_1 (873 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The condition to be satisfied is that the frequency be sufficiently large, more precisely one should have $\omega>(t_{\rm coll})^{-1}$, where $t_{\rm coll}$ is the ``collision time'', i.e.
		But obvioulsy, in problems of this type which are concerned with the impossibility of doing something, as in the case of the celebrated von Neumann theorem on quantum mechanics,\upcite{neumann} the question is rather to understand the relevance of the hypotheses which are introduced.
		A final comment concerns a possible classical conception of the photon, which was suggested by Einstein on the basis of his interpretation of Planck's formula in terms of energy fluctuations.
	www.ma.utexas.edu /mp_arc/e/98-526.tex (1256 words)

	Atomic Spectra
		The frequency of a spectral line is equal to the energy difference between two states divided by Planck's constant.
		The frequency of the emitted photon is then derived from the Planck formula.
		For instance, if hydrogen atoms in the ground state are bombarded with photons of energy equal to the energy difference between the ground state and some excited state, some of the atoms will absorb these photons and undergo transitions to the excited state.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node210.html (488 words)

	PLANCK - SECTION 1.2.0
		1995 (frequency range 150-630 GHz, angular resolution of 0.5°) will be mounted on top of a balloon to reduce ground and atmospheric emission, and is expected to measure temperature differences at 40 points on the sky in a single long duration flight of two weeks.
		The upper figure is constructed at the angular resolution and signal-to-noise of the second year COBE maps (Bennett et al.
		The primary goal of PLANCK is to map these structures with high precesion, free of foreground contamination, so enabling us to address the scientific questions described in the rest of this proposal.
	www.rssd.esa.int /SA/PLANCK/include/report/redbook/120.htm (864 words)

	goodcoffeeonline.com - Site units and coversion reference document - site resources
		A "supercurrent" flows across the insulator # with a frequency that depends on the potential # applied across the superconductors.
		amagatvolume molarvolume lorentz bohrmagneton / h c # Used to measure the extent # that the frequency of light # is shifted by a magnetic field.
		Supposedly the value # used to be 160 sec or 150 sec # depending on the frequency of AC power, # but then 1100 sec became more common.
	www.goodcoffeeonline.com /pages/units.pl?sid=3831184765 (6641 words)

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