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	Planck energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Planck energy is the unit of energy, denoted by E
		The Planck energy is equivalent with the Planck mass according to E=mc².
		The Planck energy is not only the energy (in principle) necessary to probe the Planck length, but it is probably also the maximum energy that can fit into a region of that scale - which in this case will immediately collapse to a (very hot) Black Hole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Planck_energy (221 words)

	Max Planck
		Planck was deeply impressed by the law of conservation of energy and he became convinced that the second law of termodynamics was an absolute law of nature.
		Planck based his doctoral dissertation on the second law of thermodynamics and in July 1879, at the young age of 21 he received his doctoral degree.
		Planck was very reluctant to introduce his revolutionary idea on the quantisation of energy, and only by being forced by pure logic did he do so.
	www.crystalinks.com /planck.html (792 words)

	PhysOrgForum Science, Physics and Technology Discussion Forums -> Planck Black-body radiation
		Planck implies that euations 40 and 41 represent the law of equiparition of energy; however, equation 40 and 41 do not describe the law of equipartition of energy since the law of equipartition of energy is not a function of the frequency.
		Planck was comparing equations 22 and 23 with the law of equipartition of energy equation yet the law of equipartition of energy equation was derived using Boltzmann's equation that was a function of the velocity (equ 19 and 20).
		Planck's fl-body intensity equation (equ 25) represents the energy emissions formed by the fl-body; however, when the temperature is constant (T = 5000 degrees), heat (kinetic energies of gas molecules) is not included in Planck's fl-body intensity equation since the kinetic energies of gas molecules are not dependent on the frequency.
	forum.physorg.com /index.php?showtopic=3184 (1950 words)

	BookRags: Max Planck Biography
		Planck's tenure at Münich was interrupted by illness in 1875.
		Planck's suggestion was that the heat energy radiated by a fl body be thought of as a stream of "energy bundles," the magnitude of which is a function of the wavelength of the radiation.
		Planck found that by making this assumption about the nature of radiated energy, he could accurately describe the experimentally observed relationship between wavelength and energy radiated from a fl body.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/max-planck-woc (1905 words)

	Contributions Of Bohr, Planck, Hisenburg and DeBrouglie to the atomic Theory
		He then proposed that the energy released by a single quantum is equal to the frequency of the light multiplied by a constant.
		Planck became permanent secretary of the mathematics and physics sections of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1912 and held that position until 1938.
		The lowest energy state n=1 is call the ground state and the excited state is a higher energy level and occurs when n=2 or higher.
	www.angelfire.com /ak/Smitter/physics.html (2287 words)

	Re: How do I measure planck's constant?
		He then derived a conversion factor, now known as Planck's constant that describes the energy of an individual quantum and is one of the fundamental constants of physics.
		Planck's constant is expressed in terms of energy multiplied by time--a unit called action--and may be given in erg-seconds or joule-seconds.
		An erg is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise a milligram (roughly the weight of a grain of sand) a distance of 1 centimeter (about 1/3 inch).
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/feb2000/949535290.Ph.r.html (612 words)

	Chapter 6, Section 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Planck gave the name quantum (meaning "fixed amount") to the smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted or absorbed as electromagnetic radiation.
		Planck's revolutionary proposal was proven correct, and he was awarded the 1918 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the quantum theory.
		Planck's rules regarding the gain or loss of energy are always the same, whether we are concerned with objects on the size scale of our ordinary experience or with microscopic objects.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/blb/chapter6/medialib/blb0602.html (1153 words)

	Minnesota Technolog
		Planck's formula for the radiation of an object shows that, for a given temperature, the energy of radiation depends only on the frequency "v." All other terms are constants: "k" is Boltzmann's constant, "c" is the speed of light, and "h" is Planck's new constant.
		Planck admitted, “it was an act of desperation.” He had exhausted all the logical routes and could do nothing other than step into the unknown.
		Planck did not practice science to invent labor saving devices or improve the instruments of war, nor did he practice theoretical physics to vainly have his surname attached to some arbitrary constant.
	technolog.it.umn.edu /technolog/novdec99/planck.html (2163 words)

	Planck Photon... - Page 2
		Planck mass is the mass which is required to collapse a Planck size volume into a fl hole.
		At the 'Planck Energy', the strength of the gravitational interactions of fundamental particles becomes indistinguishable from the strong and electroweak forces.
		The 'Planck Energy' is the typical energy of a vibrating string in string theory.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=481704 (650 words)

	Photoelectric Effect
		In order to explain the frequency distribution of radiation from a hot cavity (flbody radiation) Planck proposed the ad hoc assumption that the radiant energy could exist only in discrete quanta which were proportional to the frequency.
		According to the Planck hypothesis, all electromagnetic radiation is quantized and occurs in finite "bundles" of energy which we call photons.
		Low energy photons abound, but when you get below radio frequencies, the photon energies are so tiny compared to room temperature thermal energy that you really never see them as distinct quantized entities - they are swamped in the background.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/mod2.html (408 words)

	Planck, Einstein, and de Broglie
		Max Planck was the first to make a connection between the energy of a particle and the frequency of the associated wave.
		Planck developed his formula in his successful attempt to explain the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation from warm material surfaces.
		Planck, Einstein, and de Broglie had extensive backgrounds in classical mechanics, in which the concepts of energy, momentum, and mass have precise meaning.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node73.html (503 words)

	Planck energy concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It is believed that the quantum effects of gravity become important at approximately this energy.
		The energy necessary to probe to distances as small as the Planck length.
		The typical energy of a vibrating string in string theory.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/Planckenergy.html (100 words)

	Planck's Constant and the Energy of a Photon
		Planck's Constant and the Energy of a Photon
		The energy would have to be proportional to the frequency of vibration, and it seemed to come in little "chunks" of the frequency multiplied by a certain constant.
		Planck actually didn't realize how revolutionary his work was at the time; he thought he was just fudging the math to come up with the "right answer," and was convinced that someone else would come up with a better explanation for his formula.
	www.colorado.edu /physics/2000/quantumzone/photoelectric2.html (582 words)

	BookRags: Max Carl Ernst Planck Biography
		Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, on April 23, 1858, into a famous family that included scholars, lawyers, and public servants.
		Planck assumed that energy did not exist as a continuous variable that could take on any value at all, but as a flow of discrete packages, to which he gave the name quanta.
		By a fairly simple mathematical manipulation, he showed that the energy of any one quantum was equal to some integer (n) multiplied by a proportionality constant () and the frequency of the energy (), or, E = n.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/max-carl-ernst-planck-wsd (935 words)

	FUNDAMENTAL PLANCK UNITS
		This essential Planck level quantization is a fundamental idea in Loop Quantum Gravity as pursued by Lee Smolin, which owes its genesis to a formulation of QCD due to Kenneth Wilson, in terms of loops.
		The Planck energy, momentum and temperatures are equally enormous.
		The Schwarzschild diameter for the Planck mass is the Planck length.
	graham.main.nc.us /~bhammel/PHYS/planckunits.html (2410 words)

	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Planck discovers the quantum nature of energy
		In 1899 Max Planck became a professor at the University of Berlin, after nine years at the University of Munich and Kiel University, in Germany.
		Planck was as steeped in traditional physics as his colleagues, but he had an open mind.
		Planck found that the energy radiated from a heated body is exactly proportional to the wavelength of its radiation.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp00qu.html (345 words)

	Max Planck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On December 14, 1900, Max Planck presented a theoretical explanation of the spectrum of radiation emitted by an object that glows.
		These resonators gain energy in the form of heat from the walls of the object and lose energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
		The energy of these resonators at any moment is proportional to the frequency with which they oscillate.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/history/planck.html (212 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Planck's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Planck's constant PLANCK'S CONSTANT [Planck's constant], fundamental constant of the quantum theory.
		Planck, Max PLANCK, MAX [Planck, Max], 1858-1947, German physicist.
		quantum theory QUANTUM THEORY [quantum theory] modern physical theory concerned with the emission and absorption of energy by matter and with the motion of material particles; the quantum theory and the theory of relativity together form the theoretical basis of modern physics.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Planck's (539 words)

	Planck energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Planck energy is roughly 2 billion joules, which is about what you take on in chemical energy when you tank up the car.
		The Planck mass is mite-sized, a flea with that mass would look like a speck, not too different the period in some type-fonts.
		Indeed Planck force is the central constant in one of the principal equations of GenRel.
	www.planck.com /planckenergy.htm (220 words)

	IMSA Geophysics
		Furthermore, the rate at which energy is radiated per unit area by an object is called the power and this can be found by taking the area under the graph.
		You are provided with Planck curves for a range of temperatures and are asked to use these curves and data provided to determine these numerical relationships.
		Luminosity is defined as the total energy emitted per unit time (power) from the surface of a star.
	staff.imsa.edu /science/geophysics/atmosphere/energy/planck1.html (797 words)

	[No title]
		And the discovery of this remarkable function promised deeper insight into the connection between energy and temperature which is, in fact, the major problem in thermodynamics and thus in the whole of molecular physics.
		, were susceptible to checking, and were thereby confirmed, was the establishment of the general connection between the energy of a resonator of specific natural period of vibration and the energy radiation of the corresponding spectral region in the surrounding field under conditions of stationary energy exchange.
		As long as it was looked upon as infinitely small, that is, for large energies or long periods of time, everything went well; but in the general case, however, a gap yawned open in some place or other, which was the more striking, the weaker and faster the vibrations that were considered.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Extras/Planck's_quanta.html (1257 words)

	Intute sciences - Chemical Sciences: Matter and Energy: Planck and Photons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The equation of Planck accurately describes the emission of light at both ends of the electromagnetic spectrum and in addition it quantitatively predicts the shift of the maximum in the emission curve to higher frequencies as the temperature increases.
		As a consequence, the equation of Planck approaches the equation of Rayleigh and Jeans at lower frequencies.
		The Planck equation is fundamental to all of physics and chemistry, particularly to that part of chemistry concerned with the interaction between light and matter.
	www.intute.ac.uk /sciences/reference/plambeck/chem1/p01213.htm (567 words)

	Re: What is the Planck energy and how does it relate to the warping of spacetim
		If the constants c (speed of light), h ("Planck's constant"), and G (the graviational constant) are used, you can combine them in various ways, sometimes squaring or cubing one or more of them, to get numbers including "Planck length", "Planck time", and "Planck energy".
		On the everyday scale this is a respectable amount of energy (it's roughly the amount of energy on my electric bill last month), but on the quantum level, the Planck energy is really enormous.
		Because the Planck energy is the energy at which gravity unifies with the other forces, and gravity is what's involved in warping spacetime, this may have been what you read about.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/mar2001/984149936.Ph.r.html (456 words)

	ATOMIC BEHAVIOUR AND THE REDSHIFT
		Increasing energy from the ZPE will not affect the atom until a particular threshold is reached, at which time all the atoms in the universe react simultaneously.
		In the Bohr atom, all orbit energies are scaled according to the energy of the orbit closest to the nucleus, the ground state orbit.
		Because energy is conserved, the c-associated atomic constants vary synchronously with c, and the existing order in the cosmos is not disrupted or intruded upon.
	www.ldolphin.org /setterfield/redshift.html (11609 words)

	Planck temperature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Planck energy was typical of the light filling the universe at its beginning and Planck temperature is commonly given as the Big Bang temperature.
		Planck temperature is related to the Planck mass and energy.
		It's the unit of energy and the temperature scale which are intrinsic to light and gravity.
	www.planck.com /plancktemperature.htm (220 words)

	Planck Black Body Radiation (Text)
		The graph 9006-015 illustrates the general Planck radiation curve for the Sun which peaks in the visible part of the spectrum.
		The energy in sunlight is approximately 1.4 kW/m
		The noise (energy density in a 1 Hz bandwidth as a function of frequency) due to the Planck fl body radiation continuum from a solar-type star, is given by:
	www.coseti.org /9006-006.htm (521 words)

	Planck's Units
		That means a Planck-mass mist drop's proper period is the Planck length (or time, as you wish); this is a factor of 10**30 smaller than the physical dimensions of the mist drop, which has much to do with why one doesn't much notice quantum effects on raindrop-sized things.
		Now, the definition of h is as the constant in the law of proportionality, E = h.f, between the energy of a photon and its frequency, f.
		However, the form of Planck's units thus far is based on the constants in the field equations themselves, rather than on the bodies controlled by these: though better (by virtue of its real irreducibility), it is defined in the same spirit as the atomic mass unit, rather than in terms of the field equations.
	www.chaos.org.uk /~eddy/physics/planck.html (2120 words)

	Blackbody Radiation
		It also emits a definite amount of energy at each wavelength for a particular temperature, so standard fl body radiation curves can be drawn for each temperature, showing the energy radiated at each wavelength.
		Before Planck it was assumed that these could have any value of energy but Planck decided that the energy must go up in discrete amounts (quantised) because the frequencies of the oscillating electrons could only take certain values.
		Finally it was discovered that the kinetic energy of the electrons depends not on the intensity of the light but on its frequency.
	www.egglescliffe.org.uk /physics/astronomy/blackbody/bbody.html (1885 words)

	Simplex Physics
		Above the Planck energy the universe is somewhat like Stuart Kauffman's system of NK Boolean Networks (see his books At Home in the Universe (Oxford 1995) or The Origins of Order (Oxford 1993)) with Connectivity = K = N-1 in which everything connected to everything else, and the Fitness Landscape is completely random.
		Above the Planck energy, for each state of the ManyWorlds, we have 4 types of links at each vertex: TT, TF, FT, FF so that there are 2^4 = 16 possible combinations of types of links that can be attached to a given vertex, just like Shea Zellweger's 16-element logical alphabet.
		THE TRANSITION AT THE PLANCK ENERGY that the D4-D5-E6-E7 model of physics undergoes is a Phase Transition from a state in which every point is connected to a nearest neighbor proper subset of all other points, to a state in which every point is connected directly to every other point.
	www.valdostamuseum.org /hamsmith/simph.html (6331 words)

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