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Topic: Planck scale

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	Planck units - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Planck units are often semi-humorously referred to by physicists as "God's units".
		At the "Planck scales" in length, time, density, or temperature, one must consider both the effects of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
		Max Planck first listed his set of units (and gave values for them remarkably close to those used today) in May of 1899 in a paper presented to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Planck_scale (1484 words)

	planck scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At the "Planck scales" in length, time, or temperature, the effects of quantum physics dominate the behavior of the system.
		The Planck Density is extremely high, above which our ideas of gravity and quantum mechanics break down.
		The relevant parts of Planck's 1899 paper leave some confusion as to how he managed to come up with the units of time, length, mass, temperature etc. which today we define using h-bar and motivate by references to quantum physics before things like h-bar and quantum physics were known.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Planck_scale.html (471 words)

	Planck scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		planck scale planck planck family history scale postal scale quarter scale rating scale scale insulin scale leaf scale model scale models scale protocol sliding scale
		N Scale Collector Model railroading organization devoted to the promotion and collecting of N scale model trains.
		Tony Matteliano's Scale Model Index One of the oldest, largest scale model related indexes in the world with links to over 2800 scale model related sites.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Planck_scale.html (528 words)

	Planck2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For example, the sun has temperature of roughly 6000 degrees on the Kelvin grade scale and Planck's Law dictates that the wavelengths at which it emits its maximum radiation is centered on the "visible light" portion of the spectrum.
		Earth's surface, on the other hand, has a temperature of roughly 280-300 degrees on the Kelvin scale, and Planck's Law dictates that its wavelength of maximum radiation emission is in the infrared, centered at about 1 micron (millionth of a meter) in wavelength.
		In the bottom panel, the absorption spectrum of earth's atmosphere is shown on the same wavelength scale as the Planck radiant emission graph.
	www.atmos.umd.edu /~owen/CHPI/IMAGES/planck2.html (285 words)

	Physics Today November 2001
		Thus the strength of this coupling depends on the energy scale at which it is measured, an effect we call the running of couplings.
		Operationally, it means that the probability for radiation of color gluons that carry away large amounts of energy and momentum is predicted to decrease as the energy in question increases, or equivalently to increase as the energy shrinks.
		Planck, of course, knew of neither the strong nor the weak interaction, nor of quantum field theory and running couplings.
	www.physicstoday.org /pt/vol-54/iss-11/p12.html (1747 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Planck scale $M_{Pl} \sim G_N^{-1/2}$ is not a fundamental scale; its enormity is simply a consequence of the large size of the new dimensions.
		The effective 4D Planck scale $M_{Pl}$ is determined in terms of the fundamental Planck scale $M_$ and the $AdS$ radius of curvature $L$ via the familiar relation $M_{Pl}^2 \sim M_{}^{2+n} L^n$; $L$ acts as an effective radius of compactification for gravity on the intersection.
		The fundamental Planck mass is at a $\tev$ and the observed weakness of gravity at long distances is due the existence of new sub-millimeter spatial dimensions.
	www.mit.edu /~nleonard/x/xcompile.html (3151 words)

	Planck scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The phenomena at distances as short as the Planck length and energies (perparticle) as large as the Planck energy (which is the most usual "Planck" observable used in particle physics) require us to find a correct theory of quantum gravity and quantum geometry.
		The Planck mass is credible, indeed many living things (such as some fleas) are smaller than it; the issue is that general relativity predicts that smaller fl holes can exist within the event horizon (with a radius less than the Plancklength), while quantum mechanics predicts that the mass would probably be outside the event horizon.
		Max Planck first listed his set of units (and gave values for themremarkably close to those used today) in May of 1899 ina paper presented to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
	www.therfcc.org /planck-scale-37846.html (534 words)

	Igor et Grichka Bogdanoff - Publications / Published papers (théorie instant zéro)
		Then we conjecture that the transition from the topological phase of the spacetime (around the zero scale) to the physical phase observed beyond the Planck scale should be deeply connected to the supersymmetry breaking of the N = 2 supergravity.
		Consequently in the interior of the KMS strip, i.e., from the scale ß=0 to the scale ß=lPlanck, the fourth coordinate g44 must be considered as complex, the two real poles being ß=0 and ß=lPlanck.
		Considering the expected thermal equilibrium characterizing the physics at the Planck scale, it is here stated, for the first time, that, as a system, the space-time at the Planck scale must be considered as subject to the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) condition.
	users.skynet.be /catherinev/publications.htm (911 words)

	Department of Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Planck's conjecture that the fundamental equations of physics should contain as free parameters only the Planck length, mass and time, requires to replace differentials by rotation - invariant finite difference operators in R3.
		In its lowest state the Planck mass plasma has dilation and quantized vortex states, with Maxwell's and Einstein's field equations derived from the antisymmetric and symmetric nodes of a vortex sponge.
		In additions, the Planck mass plasma has excitonic quasiparticle states obeying Dirac's equations with a maximum of four such states and a mass formula of the lowest state in terms of the Planck mass, permitting to compute the value of the finestructure constant at the Planck length, in surprisingly good agreement with the empirical value.
	physics.unr.edu /grpsp.html (245 words)

	Metanexus Institute
		Stuart R. Hameroff M.D. is Professor in the Departments of Anesthesiology and of Psychology, and Associate Director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona in Tucson.
		It turns out that as we go down in scale, well below the size of atoms, things are smooth and featureless until we get to the apparent basement level of the universe known as the Planck scale, some 25 orders of magnitude smaller than atoms.
		A: Either evil is implicit at the Planck scale along with good, or evil people are wired differently biologically for whatever reason and are influenced in an aberrant way.
	www.metanexus.net /metanexus_online/show_article.asp?7736 (3039 words)

	The Planck Era
		But we have already seen that if the distance scales become short enough (of atomic dimensions or smaller), the theory of quantum mechanics must be used.
		This is called the Planck era, and the corresponding scales of distance, energy, and time are called the Planck scale.
		However, the Planck scale is so incredibly small that this presumably only had meaning in the initial instants of the creation of the Universe.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/cosmology/planck.html (313 words)

	Bad Physics Joke Explained, Part I \| Cosmic Variance
		The Planck scale thus computed is the naive result for the scale where both quantum and gravity physics matter: The scale of quantum gravity*2.
		One is as follows: If the the Planck scale is where gravity is now behaving quantum mechanically, then we should not expect that its classical behaviour -nice smooth spacetime being gently curved by mass/energy- is accurate anymore, when doing physics at that scale.
		There are some who insist on quoting the Planck scale in centimeters, which is comonly written everywhere in all the popular books (10^(-33) or so), but I don’t understand why people do that given that we use meters everywhere else in science, so I use meters (I’m just that kind a’ guy).
	cosmicvariance.com /2005/09/08/bad-physics-joke-explained-part-i (3975 words)

	CCSD thèses-EN-ligne: FLUCTUATIONS QUANTIQUES DE LA SIGNATURE DE LA METRIQUE A L'ECHELLE DE PLANCK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We propose hereafter that the signature of the Space-Time metric (+++-) is not anymore frozen at the Planck scale and presents quantum fluctuations (+++±) untill 0 scale where it becomes Euclidean (++++).
		(ii) Regarding the physical motivations we suggest that at the Planck Scale the Space-Time is in KMS state.
		Then, the infrared limit ot the theory is given at the Planck Scale by the Einstein term in R and corresponds to the Lorentzian metric while the ultra violet limit is given at ß=0 scale by the topological term RR* and corresponds to the Euclidean metric (topological sector).
	tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr /documents/archives0/00/00/15/02/index_fr.html (938 words)

	CERN Courier - The case for mini black hole - IOP Publishing - article
		This route of investigation is all the more remarkable in that the relevant scales for the fl holes of the early universe are completely beyond the usual observables of cosmology, namely the 3K background radiation and large-scale structure.
		If the Planck scale is thus in the TeV range, the 14 TeV centre-of-mass energy of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) could allow it to become a fl-hole factory with a production rate as high as about one per second.
		In the case of Planck scales close to the TeV mark, the number of extra dimensions could thus be revealed quite easily by the characteristics of the emitted particles.
	cerncourier.com /main/article/44/9/22 (1960 words)

	Nexus interview
		I’m oversimplifying it, but the number of possible shapes and edges and spins for each Planck volume, or pixel of reality, is huge, and the number of pixels for example in the volume of our brains is incredibly vast.
		So the amount of information at the Planck scale is absolutely mind-boggling, and its also nonlocal – that is distributed something like a hologram.
		It’s possible that the soul could be a particular coherent pattern in fundamental spacetime geometry at the Planck scale.
	www.quantumconsciousness.org /Nexusinterview.htm (1723 words)

	Planck units : Planck scale
		Planck units are a system of units of measurement based on the fundamental constants:
		These units have the advantage of simplifying many equations, because expressed in Planck units, all the constants on which they are based have the numerical value 1.
		They also suffer from uncertainties in the measurement of some of the constants on which they are based, especially of the gravitational constant G.
	www.fastload.org /pl/Planck_scale.html (429 words)

	postmetric units, human-scale Planck units
		The universe has a set of special quantities, technically known as Planck quantities, which serve as built-in natural scales of measurement: a top speed, a main force, a core frequency, a full power, and so on.
		Because these units are the same as nature's (though possibly scaled up or down by powers of ten), you can count on the most commonly used conversion factors being powers of ten.
		In fact the sizes of most of the raw natural units are extreme by human standards—either very large as in the case of the force, the power, the speed, and the frequency or very small as in the case of the natural time and length.
	www.planck.com /postmetric1.htm (1397 words)

	2.3 Strings or loops?
		An intriguing aspect of these results is that they indirectly suggest that geometry below the Planck scale cannot be probed -and thus in a sense does not exist- in string theory.
		The second physical achievement of string theory (which followed the d-branes revolution) is the recent derivation of the Bekenstein-Hawking fl hole entropy formula for certain kinds of fl holes [198, 111, 110, 109].
		The first is the derivation of the (Planck scale) eigenvalues of geometrical quantities such as areas and volumes.
	relativity.livingreviews.org /Articles/lrr-1998-1/node5.html (646 words)

	EDGE 12
		In 1948 the Dutch scientist Hendrick Casimir predicted that the all-pervading Planck scale quantum vacuum energy (virtual photons) could be measured using parallel surfaces separated by a tiny gap.
		Their spectra of geometric Planck scale volumes—which Roger describes as having a non-local characte r—could represent the essential grain of conscious experience.
		Perhaps it would help to recall what the Planck scale actually is. Max Planck cooked up a unit of length from 3 constants: the speed of light, the gravitational constant, and what we now call Planck's constant.
	www.edge.org /documents/archive/edge12.html (6903 words)

	Human-scale Planck Units
		The Planck quantities are normally defined in terms of c, h-bar, and G—the speed of light in empty space, Planck's constant, and the gravitation constant.
		Frequency and temperature are related in our scale model of the Planck units in a way that is similar to, and parallels, the way they are related in the natural units.
		In the natural Planck units, temperature and brightness (that is radiant flux or power per unit area) are related by a simple fourth-power (quartic) formula.
	www.planck.com /humanscale.htm (4849 words)

	Re: Can anyone prove that a gravity field is infinite.
		I'm not quite sure what you mean by ``finite'' with respect to gravity, but from your comments on Planck's Length I assume that you imply that if there were a certain ``granularity'' of spacetime, force fields could not become infinte (for example at the centre of a fl hole).
		Planck's Length is the only length scale one can construct using only the ``natural constants'' G (gravity constant), h (Planck constant) and c (speed of light): L=sqrt(Gh/c
		In this sense, Planck's Length sets the scale on which it is not sensible any more to speak of a `point mass' - you have to consider quantization effects which render your fields finite.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/1998-05/893345765.Ph.r.html (499 words)

	EBSCOhost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The key insight is that the extraordinary size of the Planck scale, accepted for a century since Max Planck first introduced it, is based on an untested assumption about how gravity behaves over short distances.
		The Planck scale of energy and length is far out of reach of the most powerful accelerators.
		The key insight is that the extraordinary size of the Planck scale, accepted for a century since Planck first introduced it, is based on an untested assumption about how gravity behaves over short distances.
	www.phy.syr.edu /courses/PHY250.04Fall/brane.htm (4986 words)

	The Planck Era
		Physics at the Planck scale may be literally unknowable.
		The inflationary era is a little easier to pin down theoretically than is the Planck era, but even so, the theoretical physics concerning these two periods in the history of our Universe is still in a state of flux.
		In honor of that fact, we represent the Planck era and inflationary era together by a Universe filled with questions.
	www.superstringtheory.com /cosmo/bang0.html (166 words)

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