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Topic: Planctomycetes

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	Planctomycetes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Planctomycetes are an order of obligately aerobic [requires atmospheric oxygen for growth] aquatic bacteria and are found in field samples of brackish and marine as well as freshwater samples.
		Planctomycetes have internal structures that are more complex than would be typically expected in prokaryotes.
		RNA sequencing shows that the planctomycetes are distantly related to the eubacteria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Planctomycetes (372 words)

	Planctomyces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Planctomycetes in general are intriguing because they are the only free living bacteria known to lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
		Planctomyces and other planctomycetes are also often encountered in tissue cultures of aquatic invertebrates.
		Planctomycetes may exist free living or associated with invertebrates in marine habitats rich with organic nutrients (Fuerst et al.
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/planctomyces/planctomyces.htm (545 words)

	The anammox online resource
		Thus the microorganism responsible for anammox was identified as a new deep-branching planctomycete.
		The planctomycetes are an interesting group of bacteria with many rare or unique properties.
		Recently, it appeared that planctomycetes might be the most ancient group of bacteria, at the very root of the bacterial tree of life.
	www.anammox.com /research.html (1233 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| Gene discovery within the planctomycete division of the domain Bacteria using sequence ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In many of these environments planctomycetes make up a significant proportion of the microbial population [7,16], indicating that they may have a significant role in the cycling of organic or inorganic compounds.
		This is consistent with previous studies on planctomycete lipids, which suggested the presence of lipopolysaccharide lipid A in Planctomyces, Pirellula [52] and Isosphaera [53] species on the basis of 3-hydroxy fatty acid detection.
		In higher eukaryotes, integrins are important in transmembrane signal transduction from the extracellular matrix and in organization of the cytoskeleton [70], and members of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor protein family play a major role in extracellular matrix stability [71].
	genomebiology.com /2002/3/6/research/0031 (5550 words)

	The Small Red Pear of the Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is also the first representative of an abundant and diverse group of bacteria called Planctomycetales to be sequenced.
		Planctomycetes play an important role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles and can break down ammonia in wastewater.
		The genomes of two other planctomycetes are being sequenced now.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /articles/07_03/pear.shtml (395 words)

	ePrintsUQ - The Planctomycetes: Emerging Models for Microbial Ecology, Evolution and Cell Biology
		The planctomycetes are an unusual but widely distributed group of budding bacteria which are proving to be of increasing relevance to at least three major areas of research in microbiology: microbial ecology, molecular evolution and cell biology.
		Cultured planctomycetes which have been analysed with respect to their cell wall chemistry display the unusual feature of not synthesizing the otherwise universal Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan; this feature is shared only with the chlamydiae and mycoplasmas among the Bacteria (Konig et al., 1984; Liesack et al., 1986).
		Planctomycetes also exhibit some unusual molecular features, including short 5S rRNA and, in at least two species, unlinked rrn operon organization (Bomar et al., 1988; Liesack and Stackebrandt, 1989).
	eprint.uq.edu.au /archive/00003030 (306 words)

	Dr. John Fuerst
		We are also developing methods for isolation of nuclear bodies and examining the possible correlations of nuclear body structure with function by use of autoradiography for investigating localization of RNA and protein synthesis, and in situ hybridization for localizing 16S ribosomal RNA.
		We are also interested in determining whether the nuclear body of planctomycete cells is homologous or analogous to the nucleus of eukaryotes, and whether new mechanisms involving transport of RNA and protein across the nuclear membranes may have evolved in these organisms.
		We are isolating new strains of planctomycetes in culture from Australian habitats including soil and freshwater, exploring their potential physiological diversity via enrichment culture, and using molecular ecology approaches to attempt to demonstrate the phylogenetic affinities of uncultured morphotypes such as the freshwater stalked rosette-former Planctomyces bekefii.
	florey.biosci.uq.edu.au /mypa/academic/fuerst/fuerst.htm (659 words)

	The Tree of Life: Cold Start? :: Astrobiology Magazine :: Search for Life in the Universe
		But the real surprise is the organism that did place close to the trunk of the tree of life in Brochier and Philippe's reanalysis: an unusual bacterial group called planctomycetes, which thrives only in moderate temperatures.
		Planctomycetes are intriguing because they combine features found in all three domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya.
		The textbook distinction among the three domains of life goes like this: Eukaryotic cells all have their DNA packed into a nucleus with a double membrane; bacterial and archaeal cells have no nuclear membranes.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article302.html (1450 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Candidatus "Scalindua brodae", sp. nov., Candidatus "Scalindua wagneri", sp. nov., Two New Species of ...
		Planctomycetes have a proteinaceous cell wall without peptidoglycan and a differentiated cytoplasm with membrane-bounded intracytoplasmic compartments that are different and unique for each species [14].
		Planctomycetes grow slowly, and the anammox bacteria in particular (doubling time 3 weeks), so rapid evolution is not a logical explanation in this case.
		Three possible explanations remain: (1) the planctomycetes are indeed an old lineage and the individual genera had more time to evolve; (2) the architecture of the planctomycete ribosome leaves room for more degrees of freedom (e.g.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=39277 (5951 words)

	Pirellula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The presence of several genes encoding for some of the steps in peptidoglycan biosynthesis leads some to the conclusion that Planctomycetes evolved after peptidoglycan was around; it is suggested that after the Planctomycetes developed a proteinaceous cell envelope, they lost some of the genes necessary for peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
		It is also suggested that the Planctomycetes evolved from Gram-negative cells due to the presence of a few genes encoding a few of the enzymes necessary for Gram-negative membranes in the Pirellula sp.
		For example, a study of the planctomycetes make-up of anoxic and aerobic basins and an anaerobic digestor at a wastewater treatment plant found the samples to be 32% Pirellula.
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/pirellula/Pirellula.htm (822 words)

	REGX - Pirellula sp. strain 1, Rhodopirellula baltica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Molecular microbial ecology studies repeatedly provided evidence that planctomycetes are abundant in terrestrial and marine habitat.
		By their mineralisation of marine snow particles planctomycetes have a profound impact on global biogeochemistry and climate by affecting exchange processes between the geosphere and atmosphere.
		When we started the environmental genomics project in the year 2000 it was the first planctomycete dedicated to whole genome sequencing.
	www.regx.de /m_organisms.php (410 words)

	ELIB - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen(diss-user-catalog/D0s1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Abstract: This thesis focuses on the bioinformatic analysis and annotation of the genome of the marine planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica.
		Its genome harbors 110 sulfatases, which are likely excreted to get access to the carbon skeletons of sulfated heteropolysaccharides like chondroitin sulfate or carrageen.Phylogenetic analysis of numerous marker genes from the genome support a relationship with the Chlamydia or at least an affiliation with the Chlamydia-Spirochaetes superclade.
		The presence of many genes for peptidoglycan biosynthesis indicates that the proteinaceous cell envelopes of planctomycetes are secondary adaptions rather than a relict from a time preceding peptidoglycan cell walls.
	elib.suub.uni-bremen.de /cgi-bin/diss/user/catalog?search=sqn&sqn=844 (309 words)

	Encyclopedia: Kingdom (biology) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Euglena is a well-known genus of flagellate protozoa, typical of the euglenids, and commonly found in nutrient-rich freshwater, with a few marine species.
		Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria is also the fictional name of a warring nation under Benzino Napaloni as dictator, in the 1940 film The Great Dictator...
		Artificial life, also known as alife or a-life, is the study of life through the use of human-made analogs of living systems.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kingdom-(biology) (2051 words)

	Research Solutions: Publications for Dr John Fuerst
		The occurrence of hopanoids in planctomycetes: implications for the sedimentary biomarker record
		Isolation of Gemmata-like and Isosphaera-like planctomycete bacteria from soil and freshwater
		Molecular and ultrastructural confirmation of classification of ATCC 35122 as a strain of Pirellula staleyi
	www.uq.edu.au /solutions/researcher/fuerstja.html?uv_category=pub (313 words)

	BARD Proposal/>
		As environmental considerations have made it necessary to eliminate nitrate release, new strategies for nitrate consumption are being developed.
		Referred to as 'anammox', this ammonia oxidation process occurs in the absence of an organic source and in the presence of nitrite (or nitrate) as an electron acceptor as follows: NH3 + HNO2 - N2 + 2H2O.
		U.S. counterpart have demonstrated the presence and viability of Planctomycetes spp.
	www.bard-isus.com /Proposals/3424.htm (394 words)

	The Enigmatic Planctomycetes May Hold a Key to the Origins of Methanogenesis and Methylotrophy -- Chistoserdova et al. ...
		Fuerst, J. The planctomycetes: emerging models for microbial ecology, evolution and cell biology.
		Cell compartmentalisation in planctomycetes: novel types of structural organisation for the bacterial cell.
		On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/7/1234 (3715 words)

	Inter Research » AME » v33 » n3 » p239-245
		In an attempt to culture planctomycete bacteria from Aplysina sponges, 116 bacterial strains were isolated on selective oligotrophic media.
		Nearly complete sequencing of the respective 16S rRNA genes revealed that the isolates were affiliated with 2 distinct clusters of the genus Pirellula: 1 isolate was obtained from a Mediterranean sponge, 1 from a Caribbean sponge and a third from Caribbean seawater.
		The application of strain-specific oligonucleotide probes to sponge tissue cryosections showed that the isolates contribute only a minor fraction to the total microbial community that is associated with Aplysina spp.
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/ame/v33/n3/p239-245 (320 words)

	James T. Staley, Professor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Recent studies of the Planctomycetes in the Black Sea indicate there is greater diversity of this phylum in the Black Sea than has been previously reported globally.
		Among the Planctomycetes in the Black Sea are members of the anammox (anaerobic ammonia oxidizing) bacteria as well as new clades from this phylum whose function remains unknown but is under investigation.
		The enigmatic Planctomycetes may hold a key to the origins of methanogenesis and methylotrophy.
	depts.washington.edu /micro/cvs/JamesStaley.html (482 words)

	Planctomycetes - TheBestLinks.com - Cell wall, Flagellum, Glycoprotein, Aquatic bacteria, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Planctomycetes - TheBestLinks.com - Cell wall, Flagellum, Glycoprotein, Aquatic bacteria,...
		Planctomycetes, Cell wall, Flagellum, Glycoprotein, Aquatic bacteria, Murein
		Plancomycetes are obligately aerobic aquatic bacteria [requires atmospheric oxygen for growth] and are found in field samples of brackish and marine as well as freshwater samples.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Planctomycetes.html (212 words)

	ChristianWriters.com - View Single Post - Science News
		This proposed that eukaryotes arose from “the ancient symbiotic partnership between bacteria and archaea.” That theory came under fire from the discovery of faint but distinct nuclei in an unusual group of bacteria, named planctomycetes, that live in soil and fresh water.
		Some of these planctomycetes have organelles and double-membraned sacs of DNA and RNA.
		According to a critic of the merger model, these observations “turn the dogma that ‘prokaryotes have no internal membranes’ upside down” Now, it seems no one is sure which way is up.
	christianwriters.com /forums/showpost.php?p=7737&postcount=68 (820 words)

	ePrintsUQ - The Planctomycetes: Emerging Models for Microbial Ecology; Evolution and Cell Biology
		The planctomycetes are budding bacteria forming one of the phylogenetically distinct major phyla of the domain Bacteria defined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.
		They are distinctive phenotypically in their budding reproduction and the complete absence of peptidoglycan in their proteinaceous cell walls.
		All these aspects of the emerging significance of the planctomycetes are reviewed here.
	eprint.uq.edu.au /archive/00/00/06/36 (112 words)

	Comparative analysis of ribonuclease P RNA of the planctomycetes -- Butler and Fuerst 54 (4): 1333 -- International ...
		Comparative analysis of ribonuclease P RNA of the planctomycetes -- Butler and Fuerst 54 (4): 1333 -- International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
		Comparative analysis of ribonuclease P RNA of the planctomycetes
		P (RNase P) of some planctomycete members were sequenced and
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/54/4/1333 (262 words)

	Publications
		Wallner SR, Bauer M, Würdemann C, Wecker P, Glöckner FO, Faber K (2005) Highly enantioselective sec-Alkylsulfatase activity of the marine Planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica shows retention of configuration.
		Bauer M, Lombardot T, Teeling H, Naomi LW, Amann RI, Glöckner FO (2004) Phylogenetic implications of the unexpected presence of archaeal-like genes for C1 transfer enzymes in Planctomycetes.
		Teeling H., Lombardot T., Bauer M., Ludwig W., and Glöckner F.O. (2004) Evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the planctomycete 'Rhodopirellula baltica' SH 1 by means of concatenated ribosomal protein sequences, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit sequences and whole genome trees.
	www.mpi-bremen.de /en/Publications_mgg.html (1117 words)

	Novel Bacterial Lineages at the (Sub)Division Level as Detected by Signature Nucleotide-Targeted Recovery of 16S rRNA ...
		The planctomycetes represent one of the main lines of bacterial descent.
		Our investigation was aimed at obtaining molecular evidence for the existence of planctomycetes indigenous to anoxic soils.
		The proposed group specificity of the PV assay for planctomycetes was based on forward primer PLA-40F (Table 1).
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/2/623 (5460 words)

	Daniel H Buckley Microbial Ecology and Genomics of Soil Communities
		We are working to identify and characterize novel free-living diazotrophs and their contributions to soil N-dynamics, examine how management decisions influence their diversity and metabolic function, determine if changes in community structure have functional significance, and whether these functional changes can be exploited in an agronomic context.
		One of these recently discovered groups are the Planctomycetes, which have now been observed in soils all over the world.
		We are using metagenomic libraries to obtain genomic DNA fragments from Planctomycetes to provide insight into the physiological potential of these microorganisms in soil communities.
	www.css.cornell.edu /faculty/buckley/research.htm (521 words)

	Research, Nitrogen Cycle, Anammox, Cell Biology
		The anammox bacteria are planctomycetes, one of the major distinct divisions of the Domain Bacteria.
		Like other planctomycetes, these bacteria have a differentiated cytoplasm, with different membrane-bound 'organelles'.
		The anammox bacteria have an 'anammoxosome' where supposedly the anammox reaction takes place.
	www.microbiology.science.ru.nl /research/nitrogen/cellbiology (106 words)

	Bacteria Propel Gains in Ammonia Removal / July 22, 2005 / News from the USDA Agricultural Research Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center in Florence, S.C., have scored noteworthy results.
		They're the first researchers to isolate from animal wastewater the planctomycetes bacteria used in the anammox process.
		They've also highlighted anammox's commercial potential by removing nitrogen from wastewater at rates similar to those obtained using conventional methods.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/pr/2005/050722.htm (361 words)

	Occurrence of novel groups of the domain Bacteria as revealed by analysis of genetic material isolated from an ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Butler, M. K., Fuerst, J. Comparative analysis of ribonuclease P RNA of the planctomycetes.
		Furlong, M. A., Singleton, D. R., Coleman, D. C., Whitman, W. Molecular and Culture-Based Analyses of Prokaryotic Communities from an Agricultural Soil and the Burrows and Casts of the Earthworm Lumbricus rubellus.
		Wang, J., Jenkins, C., Webb, R. I., Fuerst, J. Isolation of Gemmata-Like and Isosphaera-Like Planctomycete Bacteria from Soil and Freshwater.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/174/15/5072 (1648 words)

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